1
|
Yeung J, Liao A, Shaw M, Silva S, Vetharoy W, Rico DL, Kirby I, Zammarchi F, Havenith K, de Haan L, van Berkel PH, Sebire N, Ogunbiyi OK, Booth C, Gaspar HB, Thrasher AJ, Chester KA, Amrolia PJ. Anti-CD45 PBD-based antibody-drug conjugates are effective targeted conditioning agents for gene therapy and stem cell transplant. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00210-7. [PMID: 38549377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell gene therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) require conditioning to ablate the recipient's hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and create a niche for gene-corrected/donor HSCs. Conventional conditioning agents are non-specific, leading to off-target toxicities and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We developed tissue-specific anti-human CD45 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), using rat IgG2b anti-human CD45 antibody clones YTH24.5 and YTH54.12, conjugated to cytotoxic pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payloads with cleavable (SG3249) or non-cleavable (SG3376) linkers. In vitro, these ADCs internalized to lysosomes for drug release, resulting in potent and specific killing of human CD45+ cells. In humanized NSG mice, the ADCs completely ablated human HSCs without toxicity to non-hematopoietic tissues, enabling successful engraftment of gene-modified autologous and allogeneic human HSCs. The ADCs also delayed leukemia onset and improved survival in CD45+ tumor models. These data provide proof of concept that conditioning with anti-human CD45-PBD ADCs allows engraftment of donor/gene-corrected HSCs with minimal toxicity to non-hematopoietic tissues. Our anti-CD45-PBDs or similar agents could potentially shift the paradigm in transplantation medicine that intensive chemo/radiotherapy is required for HSC engraftment after gene therapy and allogeneic SCT. Targeted conditioning both improve the safety and minimize late effects of these procedures, which would greatly increase their applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Yeung
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
| | - Aiyin Liao
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Matthew Shaw
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Soraia Silva
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Winston Vetharoy
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Diego Leon Rico
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Ian Kirby
- ADC Therapeutics UK (Ltd), Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Francesca Zammarchi
- ADC Therapeutics UK (Ltd), Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Karin Havenith
- ADC Therapeutics UK (Ltd), Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lolke de Haan
- ADC Therapeutics UK (Ltd), Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Patrick H van Berkel
- ADC Therapeutics UK (Ltd), Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Neil Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 1JH, UK
| | - Olumide K Ogunbiyi
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 1JH, UK
| | - Claire Booth
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 1JH, UK
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | | | - Persis J Amrolia
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre of Research, 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 1JH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
del Valle I, Young MD, Kildisiute G, Ogunbiyi OK, Buonocore F, Simcock IC, Khabirova E, Crespo B, Moreno N, Brooks T, Niola P, Swarbrick K, Suntharalingham JP, McGlacken-Byrne SM, Arthurs OJ, Behjati S, Achermann JC. An integrated single-cell analysis of human adrenal cortex development. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168177. [PMID: 37440461 PMCID: PMC10443814 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal glands synthesize and release essential steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, but many aspects of human adrenal gland development are not well understood. Here, we combined single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, IHC, and micro-focus computed tomography to investigate key aspects of adrenal development in the first 20 weeks of gestation. We demonstrate rapid adrenal growth and vascularization, with more cell division in the outer definitive zone (DZ). Steroidogenic pathways favored androgen synthesis in the central fetal zone, but DZ capacity to synthesize cortisol and aldosterone developed with time. Core transcriptional regulators were identified, with localized expression of HOPX (also known as Hop homeobox/homeobox-only protein) in the DZ. Potential ligand-receptor interactions between mesenchyme and adrenal cortex were seen (e.g., RSPO3/LGR4). Growth-promoting imprinted genes were enriched in the developing cortex (e.g., IGF2, PEG3). These findings reveal aspects of human adrenal development and have clinical implications for understanding primary adrenal insufficiency and related postnatal adrenal disorders, such as adrenal tumor development, steroid disorders, and neonatal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Young
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Gerda Kildisiute
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Olumide K. Ogunbiyi
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. Simcock
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Khabirova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Berta Crespo
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadjeda Moreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Brooks
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Niola
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Swarbrick
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead M. McGlacken-Byrne
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Savvidis S, Gerli MF, Pellegrini M, Massimi L, Hagen CK, Endrizzi M, Atzeni A, Ogunbiyi OK, Turmaine M, Smith ES, Fagiani C, Selmin G, Urbani L, Durkin N, Shibuya S, De Coppi P, Olivo A. Monitoring tissue engineered constructs and protocols with laboratory-based x-ray phase contrast tomography. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:290-299. [PMID: 35051630 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) aims to generate bioengineered constructs which can offer a surgical treatment for many conditions involving tissue or organ loss. Construct generation must be guided by suitable assessment tools. However, most current tools (e.g. histology) are destructive, which restricts evaluation to a single-2D anatomical plane, and has no potential for assessing constructs prior to or following their implantation. An alternative can be provided by laboratory-based x-ray phase contrast computed tomography (PC-CT), which enables the extraction of 3D density maps of an organ's anatomy. In this work, we developed a semi-automated image processing pipeline dedicated to the analysis of PC-CT slices of oesophageal constructs. Visual and quantitative (density and morphological) information is extracted on a volumetric basis, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the regenerated constructs. We believe the presented tools can enable the successful regeneration of patient-specific oesophagus, and bring comparable benefit to a wide range of TE applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Phase contrast computed tomography (PC-CT) is an imaging modality which generates high resolution volumetric density maps of biological tissue. In this work, we demonstrate the use of PC-CT as a new tool for guiding the progression of an oesophageal tissue engineering (TE) protocol. Specifically, we developed a semi-automated image-processing pipeline which analyses the oesophageal PC-CT slices, extracting visual and quantitative (density and morphological) information. This information was proven key for performing a comprehensive evaluation of the regenerated constructs, and cannot be obtained through existing assessment tools primarily due to their destructive nature (e.g. histology). This work paves the way for using PC-CT in a wide range of TE applications which can be pivotal for unlocking the potential of this field.
Collapse
|
4
|
McGlacken-Byrne SM, Del Valle I, Le Quesne Stabej P, Bellutti L, Garcia-Alonso L, Ocaka LA, Ishida M, Suntharalingham JP, Gagunashvili A, Ogunbiyi OK, Mistry T, Buonocore F, Crespo B, Moreno N, Niola P, Brooks T, Brain CE, Dattani MT, Kelberman D, Vento-Tormo R, Lagos CF, Livera G, Conway GS, Achermann JC. Pathogenic variants in the human m6A reader YTHDC2 are associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154671. [PMID: 35138268 PMCID: PMC8983136 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women and carries significant medical and psychosocial sequelae. Approximately 10% of POI has a defined genetic cause, with most implicated genes relating to biological processes involved in early fetal ovary development and function. Recently, Ythdc2, an RNA helicase and N6-methyladenosine (m6a) reader, has emerged as a novel regulator of meiosis in mice. Here, we describe homozygous pathogenic variants in YTHDC2 in three women with early-onset POI from two families: c. 2567C>G, p.P856R in the helicase-associated (HA2) domain; and c.1129G>T, p.E377*. We demonstrate that YTHDC2 is expressed in the developing human fetal ovary and is upregulated in meiotic germ cells, together with related meiosis-associated factors. The p.P856R variant results in a less flexible protein that likely disrupts downstream conformational kinetics of the HA2 domain, whereas the p.E377* variant truncates the helicase core. Taken together, our results reveal that YTHDC2 is a key new regulator of meiosis in humans and pathogenic variants within this gene are associated with POI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M McGlacken-Byrne
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polona Le Quesne Stabej
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bellutti
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR E008, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Luz Garcia-Alonso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Ocaka
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer P Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Gagunashvili
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olumide K Ogunbiyi
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Talisa Mistry
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Berta Crespo
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadjeda Moreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Niola
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Brooks
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Brain
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul T Dattani
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kelberman
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roser Vento-Tormo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Lab, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR E008, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Gerard S Conway
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|