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Wang C, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Xia L, Xia Q. Macroscopic inhibition of DNA damage repair pathways by targeting AP-2α with LEI110 eradicates hepatocellular carcinoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:342. [PMID: 38503825 PMCID: PMC10951303 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are known to be closely associated with the progression of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report a unique cluster of "deletion-up" genes in HCC, which are accordantly overexpressed in HCC patients and predict the unfavorable prognosis. Binding motif analysis and further validation with ChIP-qPCR unveil that the AP-2α directly modulate the transcription of critical DNA repair genes including TOP2A, NUDT1, POLD1, and PARP1, which facilitates the sanitation of oxidized DNA lesions. Structural analysis and the following validation identify LEI110 as a potent AP-2α inhibitor. Together, we demonstrate that LEI110 stabilizes AP-2α and sensitizes HCC cells toward DNA-damaging reagents. Altogether, we identify AP-2α as a crucial transcription modulator in HCC and propose small-molecule inhibitors targeting AP-2α are a promising novel class of anticancer agents. Our study provides insights into the concept of macroscopic inhibition of DNA damage repair-related genes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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2
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Abbasi SF, Mahjabeen I, Parveen N, Qamar I, Haq MFU, Shafique R, Saeed N, Ashraf NS, Kayani MA. Exploring homologous recombination repair and base excision repair pathway genes for possible diagnostic markers in hematologic malignancies. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1527-1543. [PMID: 37861816 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) are a collection of malignant transformations, originating from the cells in the bone marrow and lymphoid organs. HMs comprise three main types; leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Globally, HMS accounts for approximately 10% of newly diagnosed cancer. DNA repair pathways defend the cells from recurrent DNA damage. Defective DNA repair mechanisms such as homologous recombination repair (HRR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and base excision repair (BER) pathways may lead to genomic instability, which initiates HM progression and carcinogenesis. Expression deregulation of HRR, NER, and BER has been investigated in various malignancies. However, no studies have been reported to assess the differential expression of selected DNA repair genes combinedly in HMs. The present study was designed to assess the differential expression of HRR and BER pathway genes including RAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, APEX1, FEN1, PARP1, and XRCC1 in blood cancer patients to highlight their significance as diagnostic/ prognostic marker in hematological malignancies. The study cohort comprised of 210 blood cancer patients along with an equal number of controls. For expression analysis, q-RT PCR was performed. DNA damage was measured in blood cancer patients and controls using the comet assay and LORD Q-assay. Data analysis showed significant downregulation of selected genes in blood cancer patients compared to healthy controls. To check the diagnostic value of selected genes, the Area under curve (AUC) was calculated and 0.879 AUC was observed for RAD51 (p < 0.0001) and 0.830 (p < 0.0001) for APEX1. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that downregulation of RAD51 (p < 0.0001), XRCC3 (p < 0.02), and APEX1 (p < 0.0001) was found to be associated with a significant decrease in survival of blood cancer patients. Cox regression analysis showed that deregulation of RAD51 (p < 0.0001), XRCC2 (p < 0.02), XRCC3 (p < 0.003), and APEX1 (p < 0.00001) was found to be associated with the poor prognosis of blood cancer patients. Comet assay showed an increased number of comets in blood cancer patients compared to controls. These results are confirmed by performing the LORD q-assay and an increased frequency of lesions/Kb was observed in selected genes in cancer patients compared to controls. Our results showed significant downregulation of RAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, APEX1, FEN1, PARP1, and XRCC1 genes with increased DNA damage in blood cancer patients. The findings of the current research suggested that deregulated expression of HRR and BER pathway genes can act as a diagnostic/prognostic marker in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Fida Abbasi
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Neelam Parveen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imama Qamar
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Fazal Ul Haq
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shafique
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Sarosh Ashraf
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
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3
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Liu Q, Peng Q, Zhang B, Tan Y. X-ray cross-complementing family: the bridge linking DNA damage repair and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:602. [PMID: 37679817 PMCID: PMC10483876 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a common hallmark of human tumours. As a carrier of genetic information, DNA is constantly threatened by various damaging factors that, if not repaired in time, can affect the transmission of genetic information and lead to cellular carcinogenesis. In response to these threats, cells have evolved a range of DNA damage response mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, to maintain genomic stability. The X-ray repair cross-complementary gene family (XRCC) comprises an important class of DNA damage repair genes that encode proteins that play important roles in DNA single-strand breakage and DNA base damage repair. The dysfunction of the XRCC gene family is associated with the development of various tumours. In the context of tumours, mutations in XRCC and its aberrant expression, result in abnormal DNA damage repair, thus contributing to the malignant progression of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the significant roles played by XRCC in diverse tumour types. In addition, we discuss the correlation between the XRCC family members and tumour therapeutic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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4
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Fang X, Rao K, Wei Z, Cheng J. SOX10
modulated
SMARCA4
dysregulation alleviates
DNA
replication stress in cutaneous melanoma. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5846-5857. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Fang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital Quanzhou Fujian Province China
| | - Keqiang Rao
- School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital Quanzhou Fujian Province China
| | - Juntao Cheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital Quanzhou Fujian Province China
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5
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Kim HJ, Cho HB, Lee S, Lyu J, Kim HR, Lee S, Park JI, Park KH. Strategies for accelerating osteogenesis through nanoparticle-based DNA/mitochondrial damage repair. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:6409-6421. [PMID: 36168629 PMCID: PMC9475457 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of gene therapy is often dictated by the gene delivery system. Cationic polymers are essential elements of gene delivery systems. The relatively cheap cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine, has high gene delivery efficiency and is often used for gene delivery. However, the efficiency of gene therapy with polyethyleneimine-pDNA polyplex (PEI) is low. Human mesenchymal stem cells transfected with polyethyleneimine and a plasmid carrying the important osteogenic differentiation gene runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) accumulated DNA double-strand breaks and mitochondrial damage proportional to the amount of polyethyleneimine, reducing viability. Genomic/cellular stabilizer mediating RUNX2 delivery (GuaRD), a new reagent incorporating RS-1 NPs developed in this study, promoted DNA repair and prevented the accumulation of cell damage, allowing the delivery of pRUNX2 into hMSCs. while maintaining genome and mitochondrial stability. DNA damage was significantly lower and the expression of DNA repair-related genes significantly higher with GuaRD than with PEI. In addition, GuaRD improved mitochondrial stability, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Osteogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and calcification were higher with GuaRD than with PEI, suggesting improved osteogenic differentiation. These results indicate that lowering the cytotoxicity of PEI and improving cell stability are key to overcoming the limitations of conventional gene therapy, and that GuaRD can help resolve these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Bang Cho
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyon Lyu
- School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Lee
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Park
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
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Risk Predictive Model Based on Three DDR-Related Genes for Predicting Prognosis, Therapeutic Sensitivity, and Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4869732. [PMID: 36213834 PMCID: PMC9546689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4869732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Tumor mutational load, genomic instability, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with DNA damage response and repair gene changes. The goal of this study is to estimate the chances of patients with HCC surviving their disease by constructing a DNA damage repair- (DDR-) related gene profile. The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided us with the mRNA expression matrix as well as clinical information relevant to HCC patients. Using Cox regression and LASSO analysis, DEGs strongly related to general survival were discovered in the differentially expressed gene (DEG) study. In order to assess the model’s accuracy, Kaplan-Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used. In order to compute the immune cell infiltration score and immune associated pathway activity, a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was performed. A three-gene signature (CDC20, TTK, and CENPA) was created using stability selection and LASSO COX regression. In comparison to the low-risk group, the prognosis for the high-risk group was surprisingly poor. In the ICGC datasets, the predictive characteristic was confirmed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated for each cohort. The risk mark for HCC patients is a reliable predictor according to multivariate Cox regression analysis. According to ssGSEA, this signature was highly correlated with the immunological state of HCC patients. There was a significant correlation between the expression levels of prognostic genes and cancer cells’ susceptibility to antitumor therapies. Overall, a distinct gene profile associated with DDR was identified, and this pattern may be able to predict HCC patients’ long-term survival, immune milieu, and chemotherapeutic response.
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7
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Jin T, An J, Xu H, Chen J, Pan L, Zhao R, Wang N, Gai J, Li Y. A soybean sodium/hydrogen exchanger GmNHX6 confers plant alkaline salt tolerance by regulating Na +/K + homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938635. [PMID: 36204047 PMCID: PMC9531905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline soil has a high pH due to carbonate salts and usually causes more detrimental effects on crop growth than saline soil. Sodium hydrogen exchangers (NHXs) are pivotal regulators of cellular Na+/K+ and pH homeostasis, which is essential for salt tolerance; however, their role in alkaline salt tolerance is largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the function of a soybean NHX gene, GmNHX6, in plant response to alkaline salt stress. GmNHX6 encodes a Golgi-localized sodium/hydrogen exchanger, and its transcript abundance is more upregulated in alkaline salt tolerant soybean variety in response to NaHCO3 stress. Ectopic expression of GmNHX6 in Arabidopsis enhanced alkaline salt tolerance by maintaining high K+ content and low Na+/K+ ratio. Overexpression of GmNHX6 also improved soybean tolerance to alkaline salt stress. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of NHX6 is associated with the alkaline salt tolerance in soybean germplasm. A superior promoter of GmNHX6 was isolated from an alkaline salt tolerant soybean variety, which showed stronger activity than the promoter from an alkaline salt sensitive soybean variety in response to alkali stress, by luciferase transient expression assays. Our results suggested soybean NHX6 gene plays an important role in plant tolerance to alkaline salt stress.
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8
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Kciuk M, Gielecińska A, Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Kontek R. Transcription factors in DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188757. [PMID: 35781034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) constitute a wide and highly diverse group of proteins capable of controlling gene expression. Their roles in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis have been established, but recently their role in the DNA damage response pathway (DDR) has emerged. Many of them can affect elements of canonical DDR pathways, modulating their activity and deciding on the effectiveness of DNA repair. In this review, we focus on the latest reports on the effects of two TFs with dual roles in oncogenesis and metastasis (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF1α), proto-oncogene MYC) and three epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) TFs (twist-related protein 1 (TWIST), zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281)) associated with control of canonical DDR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Yart L, Bastida-Ruiz D, Allard M, Dietrich PY, Petignat P, Cohen M. Linking unfolded protein response to ovarian cancer cell fusion. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:622. [PMID: 35672715 PMCID: PMC9172076 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been observed in epithelial ovarian tumors. They can resist antimitotic drugs, thus participating in tumor maintenance and recurrence. Although their origin remains unclear, PGCC formation seems to be enhanced by conditions that trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) such as hypoxia or chemotherapeutic drugs like paclitaxel. Hypoxia has been shown to promote the formation of ovarian PGCCs by cell fusion. We thus hypothesized that the UPR could be involved in EOC cell fusion, possibly explaining the occurrence of PGCCs and the aggressiveness of EOC. Methods The UPR was induced in two ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and COV318). The UPR activation was assessed by Western blot and polyploidy indexes were calculated. Then, to confirm the implication of cell fusion in PGCC formation, two populations of SKOV3 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding for two distinct nuclear fluorescent proteins (GFP and mCherry) associated with different antibiotic resistance genes, and the two cell populations were mixed in co-culture. The co-culture was submitted to a double-antibiotic selection. The resulting cell population was characterized for its morphology, cyclicity, and proliferative and tumorigenic capacities, in addition to transcriptomic characterization. Results We demonstrated that cell fusion could be involved in the generation of ovarian PGCCs and this process was promoted by paclitaxel and the UPR activation. Double-antibiotic treatment of PGCCs led to the selection of a pure population of cells containing both GFP- and mCherry-positive nuclei. Interestingly, after 3 weeks of selection, we observed that these cells were no longer polynucleated but displayed a single nucleus positive for both fluorescent proteins, suggesting that genetic material mixing had occurred. These cells had reinitiated their normal cell cycles, acquired an increased invasive capacity, and could form ovarian tumors in ovo. Conclusions The UPR activation increased the in vitro formation of PGCCs by cell fusion, with the newly generated cells further acquiring new properties. The UPR modulation in ovarian cancer patients could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy to avoid the formation of PGCCs and therefore limit cancer relapse and drug resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09648-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Yart
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bastida-Ruiz
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Allard
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland.,Present address: Research Center of Cancerology and Immunology Nantes-Angers, Department of Biology, University of Nantes, FR-44035, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Petignat
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Schreier HK, Wiehe RS, Ricchetti M, Wiesmüller L. Polymerase ζ is Involved in Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance Processes in Concert with APE1 Activity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050879. [PMID: 35627264 PMCID: PMC9141751 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers so far poorly understood processes of mtDNA maintenance that are coordinated by a complex interplay among DNA repair, DNA degradation, and DNA replication. This study was designed to identify the proteins involved in mtDNA maintenance by applying a special long-range PCR, reflecting mtDNA integrity in the minor arc. A siRNA screening of literature-based candidates was performed under conditions of enforced oxidative phosphorylation revealing the functional group of polymerases and therein polymerase ζ (POLZ) as top hits. Thus, POLZ knockdown caused mtDNA accumulation, which required the activity of the base excision repair (BER) nuclease APE1, and was followed by compensatory mtDNA replication determined by the single-cell mitochondrial in situ hybridization protocol (mTRIP). Quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria unveiled an additional, ROS-independent involvement of POLZ in the formation of a typical deletion in the minor arc region. Together with data demonstrating the localization of POLZ in mitochondria, we suggest that POLZ plays a significant role in mtDNA turnover, particularly under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Katrin Schreier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.K.S.); (R.S.W.)
| | - Rahel Stefanie Wiehe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.K.S.); (R.S.W.)
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute Pasteur, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France;
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.K.S.); (R.S.W.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Arance E, Ramírez V, Rubio-Roldan A, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Romero-Cachinero C, Jódar-Reyes AB, Vazquez-Alonso F, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Alvarez-Cubero MJ. Determination of Exosome Mitochondrial DNA as a Biomarker of Renal Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010199. [PMID: 35008363 PMCID: PMC8750318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Components of liquid biopsy are potential non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring renal cell carcinoma (RCC) status. The aim of our study was to examine mitochondrial genes (such as HV1 and CYB) included in exosomal fractions as promising and innovative biomarkers in RCC. We found that phase C containing different types of vesicles and phase F rich in exosomes with a high mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content could be considered as powerful biomarkers for susceptibility to RCC. Interestingly, mtDNA was a good genetic marker when aggressiveness was evaluated. Abstract Here, the role of non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy was evaluated, mainly in exosomes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as promising, novel, and stable biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 140 fractions (named from B to F) obtained by ultracentrifugations of whole blood samples from 28 individuals (13 patients and 15 controls) were included. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) was conducted to characterized exosomal fraction. Subsequently, an analysis of digital PCR (dPCR) using the QuantStudio™ 3D Digital PCR platform was performed and the quantification of mtDNA copy number by QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System (qPCR) was developed. Moreover, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses were included using MiSeq system (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). An F fraction, which contains all exosome data and all mitochondrial markers, was identified in dPCR and qPCR with statistically significant power (adjusted p values ≤ 0.03) when comparing cases and controls. Moreover, present analysis in mtDNA showed a relevant significance in RCC aggressiveness. To sum up, this is the first time a relation between exosomal mtDNA markers and clinical management of RCC is analyzed. We suggest a promising strategy for future liquid biopsy RCC analysis, although more analysis should be performed prior to application in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arance
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Viviana Ramírez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Roldan
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | | | - Catalina Romero-Cachinero
- Nursery Department. University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ana Belén Jódar-Reyes
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), Department of Applied Physics, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Fernando Vazquez-Alonso
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500; Fax: +34-958-637-071
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, PTS Granada, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Wang Y, Wu Z. The Clinical Significance and Transcription Regulation of a DNA Damage Repair Gene, SMC4, in Low-Grade Glioma via Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:761693. [PMID: 34868977 PMCID: PMC8636002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.761693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of malignant tumor in the central nervous system with an unfavorable prognosis and limited treatment. In this study, we are devoted to addressing the prognostic value of DNA damage repair-related genes in low-grade glioma (LGG). We plotted the landscape of DNA damage repair (DDR)-related genes and identified SMC4 as an independent prognostic marker with integrated bioinformatics analysis, which is overexpressed in different histologic subtypes of glioma. We observed that SMC4 expression is elevated in recurrent LGG patients or those with advanced histologic staging. SMC4 depletion inhibits proliferation and induces increased replication damage in LGG cells. Lastly, we predicted and validated the transcription modulation of SMC4 by a transcription factor, MYB, at the -976bp~ -837bp of the SMC4 promoter region in LGG cells. Together, our study identified SMC4 as a potential prognostic biomarker for LGG patients, which functions to promote cell proliferation by repairing replication damage and the expression of SMC4 could be transcriptionally regulated by MYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, China
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Allkanjari K, Baldock RA. Beyond base excision repair: an evolving picture of mitochondrial DNA repair. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211320. [PMID: 34608928 PMCID: PMC8527207 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly specialised organelles required for key cellular processes including ATP production through cellular respiration and controlling cell death via apoptosis. Unlike other organelles, mitochondria contain their own DNA genome which encodes both protein and RNA required for cellular respiration. Each cell may contain hundreds to thousands of copies of the mitochondrial genome, which is essential for normal cellular function - deviation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is associated with cellular ageing and disease. Furthermore, mtDNA lesions can arise from both endogenous or exogenous sources and must either be tolerated or corrected to preserve mitochondrial function. Importantly, replication of damaged mtDNA can lead to stalling and introduction of mutations or genetic loss, mitochondria have adapted mechanisms to repair damaged DNA. These mechanisms rely on nuclear-encoded DNA repair proteins that are translocated into the mitochondria. Despite the presence of many known nuclear DNA repair proteins being found in the mitochondrial proteome, it remains to be established which DNA repair mechanisms are functional in mammalian mitochondria. Here, we summarise the existing and emerging research, alongside examining proteomic evidence, demonstrating that mtDNA damage can be repaired using Base Excision Repair (BER), Homologous Recombination (HR) and Microhomology-mediated End Joining (MMEJ). Critically, these repair mechanisms do not operate in isolation and evidence for interplay between pathways and repair associated with replication is discussed. Importantly, characterising non-canonical functions of key proteins and understanding the bespoke pathways used to tolerate, repair or bypass DNA damage will be fundamental in fully understanding the causes of mitochondrial genome mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Allkanjari
- Formerly: Solent University Southampton, East Park Terrace, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK
| | - Robert A. Baldock
- School of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Francis Close Hall, Swindon Road, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, UK
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The Regulatory Network of Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate on Colorectal Cancer Inhibition by Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179395. [PMID: 34502301 PMCID: PMC8430666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a food-derived bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which exists in animal cartilage and/or bone. Sturgeon, a type of cartilaginous fish, is rich in CS. Our recent study demonstrated the effect of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) on reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. However, the molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity remain unknown. In this study, the cell proliferation assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to examine the cell viability and apoptosis of colon cancer cell HT-29 cells and normal colonic epithelial cell NCM460 cells. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies were used to identify the main targets of SCS. SCS showed little effect on the genes/proteins expression profile of NCM460 cells but more sensitive to HT-29, in which 188 genes and 10 proteins were differentially expressed after SCS treatment. Enrichment analysis of those genes/proteins showed that the majority of them are involved in DNA replication, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine essential genes/proteins and networks targeted by SCS to exert inhibiting the development of colorectal cancer function. This study provided great insights into developing food-derived novel therapeutics for colorectal cancer treatment.
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