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Wang W, Niu Y, Zhang N, Wan Y, Xiao Y, Zhao L, Zhao B, Chen W, Huang D. Cascade-Catalyzed Nanogel for Amplifying Starvation Therapy by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Hypoxia Alleviation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17313-17322. [PMID: 38534029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (Gox)-mediated starvation therapy offers a prospective advantage for malignancy treatment by interrupting the glucose supply to neoplastic cells. However, the negative charge of the Gox surface hinders its enrichment in tumor tissues. Furthermore, Gox-mediated starvation therapy infiltrates large amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to surround normal tissues and exacerbate intracellular hypoxia. In this study, a cascade-catalyzed nanogel (A-NE) was developed to boost the antitumor effects of starvation therapy by glucose consumption and cascade reactive release of nitric oxide (NO) to relieve hypoxia. First, the surface cross-linking structure of A-NE can serve as a bioimmobilization for Gox, ensuring Gox stability while improving the encapsulation efficiency. Then, Gox-mediated starvation therapy efficiently inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells while generating large amounts of H2O2. In addition, covalent l-arginine (l-Arg) in A-NE consumed H2O2 derived from glucose decomposition to generate NO, which augmented starvation therapy on metastatic tumors by alleviating tumor hypoxia. Eventually, both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that nanogels remarkably inhibited in situ tumor growth and hindered metastatic tumor recurrence, offering an alternative possibility for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yafan Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuqing Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yiqing Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Zhang G, Hao R, Zhang J, Wu D, Zeng L. Photothermal-promoted O 2/OH generation of gold nanotetrapod @ platinum nano-islands for enhanced catalytic/photodynamic therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:301-312. [PMID: 38109817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall platinum (Pt) nanozymes are used for catalytic therapy and oxygen (O2)-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) by harnessing the dual-enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). However, their applications as nanocatalysts are limited due to their low catalytic activity. Herein, we constructed a photothermal-promoted bimetallic nanoplatform (AuNTP@Pt-IR808) by depositing ultrasmall Pt nano-islands and modifying 1-(5-Carboxypentyl)-2-(2-(3-(2-(1-(5-carboxypentyl)-3,3-dimethylindolin-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-2-chlorocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)vinyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium bromide (IR808) on gold nanotetrapod (AuNTP) with CAT/POD activities to enhance PDT/catalytic therapy. In the tumor microenvironment, the ultrasmall Pt can catalyze endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce O2, relieving tumor hypoxia and enhancing the PDT performance. Moreover, AuNTP integration into the bimetallic nanoplatform showed good electron transfer properties and promoted the POD activity of ultrasmall Pt. Importantly, AuNTP@Pt-IR808 possessed higher photothermal conversion performance than single AuNTPs, which enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT). It also accelerated the CAT/POD dual-enzyme activities, and promoted the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH). By enhancing the performances of PTT/PDT/catalytic therapy, the developed AuNTP@Pt-IR808 nanoplatform demonstrated good antitumor efficacy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Ran Hao
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Leyong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Ran H, Chen Z, Ye Y, Jiang J, Hu Z, Azechi M, Peng F, Tian H, Xu Z, Tu Y. A NIR-driven green affording-oxygen microrobot for targeted photodynamic therapy of tumors. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:635-644. [PMID: 38087964 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-activated local treatment modality that has promising potential in cancer therapy. However, ineffective delivery of photosensitizers and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment severely restrict the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Herein, phototactic Chlorella (C) is utilized to carry photosensitizer-encapsulated nanoparticles to develop a near-infrared (NIR) driven green affording-oxygen microrobot system (CurNPs-C) for enhanced PDT. Photosensitizer (curcumin, Cur) loaded nanoparticles are first synthesized and then covalently attached to C through amide bonds. An in vitro study demonstrates that the developed CurNPs-C exhibits continuous oxygen generation and desirable phototaxis under NIR treatment. After intravenous injection, the initial 660 nm laser irradiation successfully induces the active migration of CurNPs-C to tumor sites for higher accumulation. Upon the second 660 nm laser treatment, CurNPs-C produces abundant oxygen, which in turn induces the natural product Cur to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) that significantly inhibit the growth of tumors in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. This contribution showcases the ability of a light-driven green affording-oxygen microrobot to exhibit targeting capacity and O2 generation for enhancing photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hui Ran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ze Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yicheng Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jiamiao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Miral Azechi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Zhili Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Fu Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Li W. Glucose oxidase and metal catalysts combined tumor synergistic therapy: mechanism, advance and nanodelivery system. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:400. [PMID: 37907972 PMCID: PMC10617118 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always posed a significant threat to human health, prompting extensive research into new treatment strategies due to the limitations of traditional therapies. Starvation therapy (ST) has garnered considerable attention by targeting the primary energy source, glucose, utilized by cancer cells for proliferation. Glucose oxidase (GOx), a catalyst facilitating glucose consumption, has emerged as a critical therapeutic agent for ST. However, mono ST alone struggles to completely suppress tumor growth, necessitating the development of synergistic therapy approaches. Metal catalysts possess enzyme-like functions and can serve as carriers, capable of combining with GOx to achieve diverse tumor treatments. However, ensuring enzyme activity preservation in normal tissue and activation specifically within tumors presents a crucial challenge. Nanodelivery systems offer the potential to enhance therapy effectiveness by improving the stability of therapeutic agents and enabling controlled release. This review primarily focuses on recent advances in the mechanism of GOx combined with metal catalysts for synergistic tumor therapy. Furthermore, it discusses various nanoparticles (NPs) constructs designed for synergistic therapy in different carrier categories. Finally, this review provides a summary of GOx-metal catalyst-based NPs (G-M) and offers insights into the challenges associated with G-M therapy, delivery design, and oxygen (O2) supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Minzu College, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Weinan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Rafique M, Ali O, Shafiq M, Yao M, Wang K, Ijima H, Kong D, Ikeda M. Insight on Oxygen-Supplying Biomaterials Used to Enhance Cell Survival, Retention, and Engraftment for Tissue Repair. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1592. [PMID: 37371687 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is one of the essential requirements for cell survival, retention, and proliferation. The field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE) has realized considerable achievements for the regeneration of tissues. However, tissue regeneration still lacks the full functionality of solid organ implantations; limited cell survival and retention due to oxidative stress and hypoxia in the deeper parts of tissues remains a perpetual challenge. Especially prior to neovascularization, hypoxia is a major limiting factor, since oxygen delivery becomes crucial for cell survival throughout the tissue-engineered construct. Oxygen diffusion is generally limited in the range 100-200 μm of the thickness of a scaffold, and the cells located beyond this distance face oxygen deprivation, which ultimately leads to hypoxia. Furthermore, before achieving functional anastomosis, implanted tissues will be depleted of oxygen, resulting in hypoxia (<5% dissolved oxygen) followed by anoxic (<0.5% dissolved oxygen) microenvironments. Different types of approaches have been adopted to establish a sustained oxygen supply both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments in oxygen-generating and/or releasing biomaterials for enhancing cell survival in vitro, as well as for promoting soft and hard tissue repair, including skin, heart, nerve, pancreas, muscle, and bone tissues in vivo. In addition, redox-scavenging biomaterials and oxygenated scaffolds have also been highlighted. The surveyed results have shown significant promise in oxygen-producing biomaterials and oxygen carriers for enhancing cell functionality for regenerative medicine and TE applications. Taken together, this review provides a detailed overview of newer approaches and technologies for oxygen production, as well as their applications for bio-related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafique
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Onaza Ali
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Minghua Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Masato Ikeda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Wang J, Ye J, Lv W, Liu S, Zhang Z, Xu J, Xu M, Zhao C, Yang P, Fu Y. Biomimetic Nanoarchitectonics of Hollow Mesoporous Copper Oxide-Based Nanozymes with Cascade Catalytic Reaction for Near Infrared-II Reinforced Photothermal-Catalytic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40645-40658. [PMID: 36040363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic nanozyme with natural enzyme-like activities has drawn extensive attention in cancer therapy, while its application was hindered by the limited catalytic efficacy in the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a hybrid biomimetic nanozyme combines polydopamine-decorated CuO with a natural enzyme of glucose oxidase (GOD), among which CuO is endowed with a high loading rate (47.1%) of GOD due to the elaborately designed hollow mesoporous structure that is constructed to maximize the cascade catalytic efficacy. In the TME, CuO could catalyze endogenous H2O2 into O2 for relieving tumor hypoxia and improving the catalytic efficacy of GOD. Whereafter, the amplified glucose oxidation induces starvation therapy, and the generated H2O2 and H+ enhance the catalytic activity of CuO. Significantly, the tumor-specific chemodynamic therapy (CDT) could be realized when CuO degraded into Cu2+ in acidic and reductive TME. Furthermore, the photothermal therapy with high photothermal conversion efficiency (30.2%) is achieved under NIR-II laser (1064 nm) excitation, which could reinforce the generation of reactive oxygen species (•OH and •O2-). The TME initiates the biochemical reaction cycle of CuO, O2, and GOD, which couples with an NIR-II-induced thermal effect to realize O2-promoted starvation and photothermal-chemodynamic combined therapy. This hybrid biomimetic nanozyme enlightens the further development of nanozymes in multimodal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Wubin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jiating Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Chunjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Fu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Chen L, Zhao H, Xue S, Chen K, Zhang Y. Effection of Lactic Acid Dissociation on Swelling-Based Short-Chain Fatty Acid Vesicles Nano-Delivery. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111630. [PMID: 35681380 PMCID: PMC9180077 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalized small-molecule assemblies can exhibit nano-delivery properties that significantly improve the bioavailability of bioactive molecules. This study explored the self-assembly of short-chain fatty acids (FA, Cn < 8) to form novel biomimetic nanovesicles as delivery systems. Lactic acid is involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways in cancer metabolism, and the dissociation of lactic acid (LA) is used to regulate the delivery effect of short-chain fatty acid vesicles. The study showed that the dissociation of lactic acid caused pH changes in the solution environment inducing hydrogen ion permeability leading to rapid osmotic expansion and shape transformation of FA vesicles. The intrinsic features of FA vesicle formation in the LA environment accompanied by hydrogen ion fluctuations, and the appearance of nearly spherical vesicles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Compared with the vesicle membrane built by surfactants, the FA/LA composite system showed higher permeability and led to better membrane stability and rigidity. Finally, membrane potential studies with the IEC cell model demonstrate that lactate dissociation capacity can effectively increase the cellular adsorption of FA vesicles. Altogether, these results prove that FA vesicles can function as a stand-alone delivery system and also serve as potential development strategies for applications in a lactate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-7757-7107; Fax: +86-571-2800-8902
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