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Lin Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang T, Huang P. Improving ultrasound diagnostic Precision for breast cancer and adenosis with modality-specific enhancement (MSE) - Breast Net. Cancer Lett 2024; 596:216977. [PMID: 38795759 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Adenosis is a benign breast condition whose lesions can mimic breast carcinoma and is evaluated for malignancy with the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). We construct and validate the performance of modality-specific enhancement (MSE)-Breast Net based on multimodal ultrasound images and compare it to the BI-RADS in differentiating adenosis from breast cancer. A total of 179 patients with breast carcinoma and 229 patients with adenosis were included in this retrospective, two-institution study, then divided into a training cohort (institution I, n = 292) and a validation cohort (institution II, n = 116). In the training cohort, the final model had a significantly greater AUC (0.82; P < 0.05) than B-mode-based model (0.69, 95% CI [0.49-0.90]). In the validation cohort, the AUC of the final model was 0.81, greater than that of the BI-RADS (0.75, P < 0.05). The multimodal model outperformed the individual and bimodal models, reaching a significantly greater AUC of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.69-1.0) (P < 0.05). MSE-Breast Net, based on multimodal ultrasound images, exhibited better diagnostic performance than the BI-RADS in differentiating adenosis from breast cancer and may contribute to clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Lin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Libin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yunzhong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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2
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Naik A, Godbole M. Elucidating the Intricate Roles of Gut and Breast Microbiomes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Bone. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e70005. [PMID: 39188104 PMCID: PMC11347752 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most predominant and heterogeneous cancer in women. Moreover, breast cancer has a high prevalence to metastasize to distant organs, such as the brain, lungs, and bones. Patients with breast cancer metastasis to the bones have poor overall and relapse-free survival. Moreover, treatment using chemotherapy and immunotherapy is ineffective in preventing or reducing cancer metastasis. RECENT FINDINGS Microorganisms residing in the gut and breast, termed as the resident microbiome, have a significant influence on the formation and progression of breast cancer. Recent studies have identified some microorganisms that induce breast cancer metastasis to the bone. These organisms utilize multiple mechanisms, including induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, steroid hormone metabolism, immune modification, bone remodeling, and secretion of microbial products that alter tumor microenvironment, and enhance propensity of breast cancer cells to metastasize. However, their involvement makes these microorganisms suitable as novel therapeutic targets. Thus, studies are underway to prevent and reduce breast cancer metastasis to distant organs, including the bone, using chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic drugs, along with probiotics, antibiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The present review describes association of gut and breast microbiomes with bone metastases. We have elaborated on the mechanisms utilized by breast and gut microbiomes that induce breast cancer metastasis, especially to the bone. The review also highlights the current treatment options that may target both the microbiomes for preventing or reducing breast cancer metastases. Finally, we have specified the necessity of maintaining a diverse gut microbiome to prevent dysbiosis, which otherwise may induce breast carcinogenesis and metastasis especially to the bone. The review may facilitate more detailed investigations of the causal associations between these microbiomes and bone metastases. Moreover, the potential treatment options described in the review may promote discussions and research on the modes to improve survival of patients with breast cancer by targeting the gut and breast microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Naik
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, School of Science and Environmental StudiesDr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace UniversityPuneIndia
| | - Mukul S. Godbole
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, School of Science and Environmental StudiesDr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace UniversityPuneIndia
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3
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Wang X, Zhu Z. A Mendelian randomization analysis reveals the multifaceted role of the skin microbiota in liver cancer. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1422132. [PMID: 39113845 PMCID: PMC11303314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1422132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, or hepatic cancer, HC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA, or hepatic bile duct cancer, HBDC) are two major types of primary liver cancer (PLC). Previous studies have suggested that microbiota can either act as risk factors or preventive factors in PLC. However, no study has reported the relationship between skin microbiota and PLC. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the causality between skin microbiota and PLC. Methods Data from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on skin microbiota were collected. The GWAS summary data of GCST90018803 (HBDC) and GCST90018858 (HC) were utilized in the discovery and verification phases, respectively. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the principal method in our MR study. The MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q-test, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and leave-one-out analysis were conducted to identify the heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results The results showed that Veillonella (unc.) plays a protective role in HBDC, while the family Neisseriaceae has a positive association with HBDC risk. The class Betaproteobacteria, Veillonella (unc.), and the phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes) play a protective role in HC. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium (unc.), the family Neisseriaceae, and Pasteurellaceae sp. were associated with an increased risk of HC. Conclusion This study provided new evidence regarding the association between skin microbiota and PLC, suggesting that skin microbiota plays a role in PLC progression. Skin microbiota could be a novel and effective way for PLC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zexin Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Laborda-Illanes A, Aranega-Martín L, Sánchez-Alcoholado L, Boutriq S, Plaza-Andrades I, Peralta-Linero J, Garrido Ruiz G, Pajares-Hachero B, Álvarez M, Alba E, González-González A, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Exploring the Relationship between MicroRNAs, Intratumoral Microbiota, and Breast Cancer Progression in Patients with and without Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7091. [PMID: 39000198 PMCID: PMC11241717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) continues to pose a significant burden on global cancer-related morbidity and mortality, primarily driven by metastasis. However, the combined influence of microRNAs (miRNAs) and intratumoral microbiota on BC metastasis remains largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the interplay between intratumoral microbiota composition, miRNA expression profiles, and their collective influence on metastasis development in BC patients by employing 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR methodologies. Our findings revealed an increase in the expression of miR-149-5p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-342-5p in metastatic breast cancer (Met-BC) patients. The Met-BC patients exhibited heightened microbial richness and diversity, primarily attributed to diverse pathogenic bacteria. Taxonomic analysis identified several pathogenic and pro-inflammatory species enriched in Met-BC, contrasting with non-metastatic breast cancer (NonMet-BC) patients, which displayed an enrichment in potential probiotic and anti-inflammatory species. Notably, we identified and verified a baseline prognostic signature for metastasis in BC patients, with its clinical relevance further validated by its impact on overall survival. In conclusion, the observed disparities in miRNA expression and species-level bacterial abundance suggest their involvement in BC progression. The development of a prognostic signature holds promise for metastasis risk assessment, paving the way for personalized interventions and improved clinical outcomes in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Laborda-Illanes
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Aranega-Martín
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Soukaina Boutriq
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
| | - Isaac Plaza-Andrades
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
| | - Jesús Peralta-Linero
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
| | | | - Bella Pajares-Hachero
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
| | - Martina Álvarez
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia González-González
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
- UGC Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Clinical Management Unit of Medical Oncology, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals-IBIMA BIONAND-CIMES-UMA Platform, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.A.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (B.P.-H.); (M.Á.); (E.A.)
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Hu M, Fan JX, He ZY, Zeng J. The regulatory role of autophagy between TAMs and tumor cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3984. [PMID: 38494666 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has become a global public health problem and its harmful effects have received widespread attention. Conventional treatments such as surgical resection, radiotherapy and other techniques are applicable to clinical practice, but new drugs are constantly being developed and other therapeutic approaches, such as immunotherapy are being applied. In addition to studying the effects on individual tumor cells, it is important to explore the role of tumor microenvironment on tumor cell development since tumor cells do not exist alone but in the tumor microenvironment. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells are interconnected with other stromal cells and influence each other, among which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most numerous immune cells. At the same time, it was found that cancer cells have different levels of autophagy from normal cells. In cancer therapy, the occurrence of autophagy plays an important role in promoting tumor cell death or inhibiting tumor cell death, and is closely related to the environment. Therefore, elucidating the regulatory role of autophagy between TAMs and tumor cells may be an important breakthrough, providing new perspectives for further research on antitumor immune mechanisms and improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jiao-Xiu Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zi-Yue He
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China
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Filippou C, Themistocleous SC, Marangos G, Panayiotou Y, Fyrilla M, Kousparou CA, Pana ZD, Tsioutis C, Johnson EO, Yiallouris A. Microbial Therapy and Breast Cancer Management: Exploring Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy, and Integration within the One Health Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1110. [PMID: 38256183 PMCID: PMC10816061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the profound relationship between the human microbiome and breast cancer management. Recent findings highlight the significance of microbial alterations in tissue, such as the gut and the breast, and their role in influencing the breast cancer risk, development, progression, and treatment outcomes. We delve into how the gut microbiome can modulate systemic inflammatory responses and estrogen levels, thereby impacting cancer initiation and therapeutic drug efficacy. Furthermore, we explore the unique microbial diversity within breast tissue, indicating potential imbalances brought about by cancer and highlighting specific microbes as promising therapeutic targets. Emphasizing a holistic One Health approach, this review underscores the importance of integrating insights from human, animal, and environmental health to gain a deeper understanding of the complex microbe-cancer interplay. As the field advances, the strategic manipulation of the microbiome and its metabolites presents innovative prospects for the enhancement of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. However, rigorous clinical trials remain essential to confirm the potential of microbiota-based interventions in breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Yiallouris
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., 2404 Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
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Cao Y, Xia H, Tan X, Shi C, Ma Y, Meng D, Zhou M, Lv Z, Wang S, Jin Y. Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:15. [PMID: 38195689 PMCID: PMC10776793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of microorganisms, which have been confirmed to be closely related to oncogenesis. The concept of intratumoural microbiota was subsequently proposed. Microbiota could colonise tumour tissues through mucosal destruction, adjacent tissue migration, and hematogenic invasion and affect the biological behaviour of tumours as an important part of the tumour microenvironment. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that intratumoural microbiota potentially promote the initiation and progression of tumours by inducing genomic instability and mutations, affecting epigenetic modifications, promoting inflammation response, avoiding immune destruction, regulating metabolism, and activating invasion and metastasis. Since more comprehensive and profound insights about intratumoral microbiota are continuously emerging, new methods for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of cancer patients have been under examination. In addition, interventions based on intratumoural microbiota show great potential to open a new chapter in antitumour therapy, especially immunotherapy, although there are some inevitable challenges. Here, we aim to provide an extensive review of the concept, development history, potential sources, heterogeneity, and carcinogenic mechanisms of intratumoural microorganisms, explore the potential role of microorganisms in tumour prognosis, and discuss current antitumour treatment regimens that target intratumoural microorganisms and the research prospects and limitations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xueyun Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Daquan Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhilei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Sufei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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Cossu C, Di Lorenzo A, Fiorilla I, Todesco AM, Audrito V, Conti L. The Role of the Toll-like Receptor 2 and the cGAS-STING Pathways in Breast Cancer: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:456. [PMID: 38203626 PMCID: PMC10778705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as a primary malignancy among women, ranking second in global cancer-related deaths. Despite treatment advancements, many patients progress to metastatic stages, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. Current therapies primarily target cancer cells, overlooking their intricate interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) that fuel progression and treatment resistance. Dysregulated innate immunity in breast cancer triggers chronic inflammation, fostering cancer development and therapy resistance. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have emerged as crucial regulators of the immune response as well as of several immune-mediated or cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms that either inhibit or promote tumor progression. In particular, several studies showed that the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways play a central role in breast cancer progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the role of TLR2 and STING in breast cancer, and we explore the potential to target these PRRs for drug development. This information will significantly impact the scientific discussion on the use of PRR agonists or inhibitors in cancer therapy, opening up new and promising avenues for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cossu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences–Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Turin, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Antonino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences–Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Turin, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Irene Fiorilla
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Alberto Maria Todesco
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences–Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Turin, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.L.)
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Bernardo G, Le Noci V, Di Modica M, Montanari E, Triulzi T, Pupa SM, Tagliabue E, Sommariva M, Sfondrini L. The Emerging Role of the Microbiota in Breast Cancer Progression. Cells 2023; 12:1945. [PMID: 37566024 PMCID: PMC10417285 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a profound association between the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract and breast cancer progression. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response, releasing metabolites, and modulating estrogen levels, all of which have implications for breast cancer growth. However, recent research has unveiled a novel aspect of the relationship between the microbiota and breast cancer, focusing on microbes residing within the mammary tissue, which was once considered sterile. These localized microbial communities have been found to change in the presence of a tumor as compared to healthy mammary tissue, unraveling their potential contribution to tumor progression. Studies have identified specific bacterial species that are enriched within breast tumors and have highlighted the mechanisms by which even these microbes influence cancer progression through immune modulation, direct carcinogenic activity, and effects on cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation or apoptosis. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of crosstalk between the gut/mammary microbiota and breast cancer. Understanding this intricate interplay holds promise for developing innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarla Bernardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (V.L.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Valentino Le Noci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (V.L.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Di Modica
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.M.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Elena Montanari
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.M.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.M.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Serenella M. Pupa
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.M.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.M.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (V.L.N.); (M.S.)
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.M.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (V.L.N.); (M.S.)
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.M.P.); (E.T.)
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Terrisse S, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Impact of microbiota on breast cancer hormone therapy. Cell Stress 2023; 7:12-19. [PMID: 36926118 PMCID: PMC10012050 DOI: 10.15698/cst2023.03.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that the pathogenesis and prognosis of hormone-receptor breast cancer is not only dictated by the properties of the malignant cells but also by immune and microbial parameters. Thus, the immunosurveillance system retards the development of hormone-positive breast cancer and contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of estrogen receptor antagonists and aromatase inhibitors. Moreover, the anticancer immune response is profoundly modulated by the local and intestinal microbiota, which influences cancer cell-intrinsic signaling pathways, affects the composition and function of the immune infiltrate present in the tumor microenvironment and modulates the metabolism of estrogens. Indeed, specific bacteria in the gut produce enzymes that affect the enterohepatic cycle of estrogen metabolites, convert estrogens into androgens or generate estrogen-like molecules. The knowledge of these circuitries is in its infancy, calling for further in-depth analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Gustave Roussy, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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