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Nanta P, Buachan P, Pinket W, Srinuanchai W, Pongwan P, Sramala I, Jarussophon S, Prathumpai W, Taweechotipatr M, Ruktanonchai UR, Kasemwong K. β-Glucan fragmentation by microfluidization and TNF-α-immunostimulating activity of fragmented β-glucans. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29444. [PMID: 38628769 PMCID: PMC11019199 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of β-glucans secreted by the fungus Ophiocordyceps dipterigena BCC 2073 achieved by microfluidization was investigated. The degree of β-glucan fragmentation was evaluated based on the average number of chain scissions (α). The effects on the α value of experimental variables like solid concentration of the β-glucan suspension, interaction chamber pressure, and number of passes through the microfluidizer were examined. Kinetic studies were conducted using the relationships of the α and suspension viscosity values with the number of passes. Evidence indicated that α increases with the interaction chamber pressure and the number of passes, whereas the solid concentration shows the inverted effect. Kinetic data indicated that the fragmentation rate increases with β-glucan solid concentration and interaction chamber pressure. Furthermore, since β-glucan molecular weight is a key factor determining its biological activity, the effect of β-glucans of different molecular weights produced by fragmentation on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulating activity in THP-1 human macrophage cells was investigated. Evidence suggested that β-glucans have an immunostimulating effect on macrophage function, in the absence of cytotoxic effects. Indeed, β-glucans characterized by a range of molecular weights produced via microfluidization exhibited promise as immunostimulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phawinee Nanta
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Paiwan Buachan
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wichchunee Pinket
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Srinuanchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Pongwan
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Issara Sramala
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Suwatchai Jarussophon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wai Prathumpai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 21, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Uracha Rungsardthong Ruktanonchai
- National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kittiwut Kasemwong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 143 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Thongsiri C, Nagai-Yoshioka Y, Yamasaki R, Adachi Y, Usui M, Nakashima K, Nishihara T, Ariyoshi W. Schizophyllum commune β-glucan: Effect on interleukin-10 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from periodontopathic bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253:117285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Li S, Wang XF, Ren LN, Li JL, Zhu XD, Xing T, Zhang L, Gao F, Zhou GH. Protective effects of γ-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal development and mucosal immune function of immunosuppressed broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6400-6410. [PMID: 31424515 PMCID: PMC8913762 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the protective effects of γ-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) on the development of small intestine and intestinal mucosal immunity of immunosuppressed broilers induced by cyclophosphamide (CPM). A total of 384 one-day-old broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: non-treated group (control), and CPM-treated groups fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900 mg/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300 mg/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 mL CPM (40 mg/kg of BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 mL sterilized saline (0.75%, wt/vol). This trial was lasted for 21 d. The results revealed that both APS and IAPS treatment elevated the duodenal IgA-producing cells number and the jejunal mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon γ of CPM-injected broilers (P < 0.05). The decreased jejunal villus height (VH), the ratio of VH to crypt depth (V/C), as well as the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and goblet cells number in CPM-injected broilers were elevated by dietary supplementation with 900 mg/kg APS or 900, 600 mg/kg IAPS (P < 0.05). The CPM-induced decrease in jejunum index, the duodenal VH and the jejunal IgA-producing cells number were only improved in the 900 mg/kg IAPS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of IELs and IgA-producing cells in duodenum, VH, V/C, the number of goblet cells, and mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-10 in jejunum were higher in the 900 mg/kg IAPS group than those in the 900 mg/kg APS group (P < 0.05). In summary, IAPS possessed stronger immunomodulatory effect than APS at the same supplementation level. Therefore, gamma irradiation can be used as an alternative treatment to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - X F Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - L N Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - X D Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - T Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - G H Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Fan R, Ma P, Zhou D, Yuan F, Cao X. The properties and formation mechanism of oat β-glucan mixed gels with different molecular weight composition induced by high-pressure processing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225208. [PMID: 31881549 PMCID: PMC6934404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure, an emerging nonthermal technology has been widely applied in food product modifications. The effects of oat β-glucan concentration and pressure on the properties of mixed gels with the different ratios of varying molecular weight (MW) β-gulcan induced by HPP were investigated. The results showed that the lowest β-glucan concentration forming a gel was 15% at 200 MPa, while 8% β-glucan was required to form a gel at 500 MPa. The gel intensity and textural properties increased with elevating β-glucan total concentration and pressure. The characteristic compact and smooth mixed gel formed with 12% β-glucan at a ratio of 50:50 at 400 MPa for 30 min. Under this optimal parameters, the mixed solution showed a relatively lower particle size and turbidity, and the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction played the main role during the gel formation process by high pressure. In addition, the core molecular structure of β-glucan was maintained in the mixed gel formed under the optimal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peihua Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yuan H, Lan P, He Y, Li C, Ma X. Effect of the Modifications on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of β-Glucan-A Critical Review. Molecules 2019; 25:E57. [PMID: 31877995 PMCID: PMC6983044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucan exhibits many biological activities and functions such as stimulation of the immune system and anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-infective, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, cholesterol-lowering, radio protective, and wound healing effects. It has a wide variety of uses in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries as well as in food processing units. However, due to its dense triple helix structure, formed by the interaction of polyhydroxy groups in the β-d-glucan molecule, it features poor solubility, which not only constrains its applications, but also inhibits its physiological function in vivo. One aim is to expand the applications for modified β-glucan with potential to prevent disease, various therapeutic purposes and as health-improving ingredients in functional foods and cosmetics. This review introduces the major modification methods required to understand the bioactivity of β-glucan and critically provides a literature survey on the structural features of this molecule and reported biological activity. We also discuss a new method to create novel opportunities to exploit maximally various properties of β-glucan, namely ultrasound-assisted enzymatic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yuan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China;
| | - Yan He
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chengliang Li
- LB Cosmeceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201499, China;
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
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Abstract
Β-glucan is a strongly hydrophilic non-starchy polysaccharide, which, when incorporated in food, is renowned for its ability to alter functional characteristics such as viscosity, rheology, texture, and sensory properties of the food product. The functional properties of β-glucans are directly linked to their origin/source, molecular weight, and structural features. The molecular weight and structural/conformational features are in turn influenced by method of extraction and modification of the β-glucan. For example, whereas physical modification techniques influence only the spatial structures, modification by chemical agents, enzyme hydrolysis, mechanical treatment, and irradiation affect both spatial conformation and primary structures of β-glucan. Consequently, β-glucan can be modified (via one or more of the aforementioned techniques) into forms that have desired morphological, rheological, and (bio)functional properties. This review describes how various modification techniques affect the structure, properties, and applications of β-glucans in the food industry.
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Kovitvadhi A, Chundang P, Tirawattanawanich C, Prathumpai W, Methacanon P, Chokpipatpol K. Effects of dietary supplementation with different levels and molecular weights of fungal β-glucan on performances, health and meat quality in broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1548-1557. [PMID: 31010987 PMCID: PMC6718905 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels and molecular weights of fungal β-glucan on productive performances, health, carcass traits and meat quality in broilers. Methods Two hundred and ten of one-day-old chicks with equal sex were assigned to seven experimental groups in 2×4 factorial arrangement. These groups were supplemented with (0, 10, 30 and 60 ppm) of molecular weight 1-3, 1-6 β-glucan (low or high). High molecular weight β-glucan (H: 943 kDa) was obtained from Ophiocordyceps dipterigena BCC 2073, whereas H with -Irradiation treatment was performed to achieve low molecular weight β-glucan (L: 8 kDa). Results There was no statistical significance in productive performances, apparent digestibility and interaction between fixed factors along 42 days of experiment (P>0.05). A higher caecal amylase activity was present in the group that received L, while there was a dramatic decrease in H and the control groups, respectively (P<0.05). The increase of supplemental dose increased caecal amylase activity (P<0.05). Immunomodulatory effects from L was revealed by the marked increase of phagocytic activity, relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius (P<0.05). Similarly, the additive dose at 30 ppm provided the same results, whereas the only significant difference with supplementation at 60 ppm was an increase in phagocytic activity (P<0.05). Interestingly, villi height of broilers fed L was higher than other groups (P<0.05). The treatments did not influence haematology, blood chemistry, antibody production level against vaccination, carcass traits and meat quality (P>0.05). Conclusion The supplementation of L at 30 ppm was suggested to achieve benefits of immune modulation without adverse effects on other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pipatpong Chundang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanin Tirawattanawanich
- Innovation Cluster 2, Thailand Science Park, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wai Prathumpai
- Microbial Biotechnology and Biochemicals Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pawadee Methacanon
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Long NT, Anh NTN, Giang BL, Son HN, Luan LQ. Radiation Degradation of β-Glucan with a Potential for Reduction of Lipids and Glucose in the Blood of Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E955. [PMID: 31159434 PMCID: PMC6630287 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
: Water-soluble and low molecular weight (Mw) β-glucans were successfully prepared by γ-irradiation of water-insoluble yeast β-glucans. The radiation dose used for the degradation of yeast β-glucan was remarkably reduced by increasing the pH of the sample or combining with hydrogen peroxide treatment. Radiation-degraded β-glucans with molecular weights in the range of 11-48 kDa reduced the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and glucose levels in the blood of administered mice. The decreasing levels of both lipid and glucose indexes in the blood of tested mice strongly depended on the molecular weight of the β-glucan, and the radiation-degraded β-glucan with a molecular weight of about 25 kDa was found to be the most effective for the reduction of blood lipid and glucose levels. Particularly, the oral administration of 25 kDa β-glucan, with a daily dose of about 2 mg per head, reduced the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose levels in the blood of tested mice to about 47.4%, 48.5%, 45.7%, and 47.2%, respectively. The effects on the reduction of blood lipid and glucose levels were also found to be stable after 20 days of stopping administration. These results indicate that the degraded β-glucan with a molecular weight of about 25 kDa prepared by γ-ray irradiation is a very promising ingredient that can be used in nutraceutical food for therapeutics of diabetic and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Long
- Nha Trang Vaccines and Biological Products Joint-Stock Company, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
| | | | | | - Hoang Nghia Son
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Le Quang Luan
- Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Hochiminh University of Natural Resource and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Radiation Degradation of β-Glucan Extracted from Brewer’s Yeast for Enhancing Growth Promotion and Immunostimulant Activities on Broilers. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8901824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble low molecular weight β-glucan (WSLMG) was successfully prepared via γ-irradiation of insoluble β-glucan extracted from brewer’s yeast cell walls. The WSLMG content in an irradiated sample increased as the irradiation dose increased. The WSLMGs with a molecular weight (Mw) of 49, 25, and 11 kDa, obtained at correlative doses of 100, 200, and 300 kGy, respectively, were tested using growth promotion and immune stimulant effects in broilers. Supplementation with 500 ppm WSLMGs not only increased the survival rate (33.3%) and average body weight (40%) but also reduced the feed conversion rate (35.4%) in tested broilers. In addition, WSLMGs enhanced both nonspecific and specific immune components in the blood of supplemented broilers. The WSLMG with Mw ~25 kDa showed the highest effect on the growth performance and immunomodulatory capability in the immune systems of the tested broilers. In conclusion, this product demonstrates substantial promise as an immunostimulant and growth-promoting additive for poultry.
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Li S, Ren L, Zhu X, Li J, Zhang L, Wang X, Gao F, Zhou G. Immunomodulatory effect of γ-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:117-127. [PMID: 30456927 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) using 25 kGy 60 Co γ ray to obtain γ-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) and then investigated the effects of IAPS on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide (CPM)-treated broilers. The physicochemical properties of APS and IAPS (molecular weight, water solubility, viscosity, morphological and structural properties) were evaluated. Then, 384 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the non-treated group (control), and CPM-treated groups were fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900 mg/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300 mg/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml CPM (40 mg/kg·BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml sterilized saline (0.75%, wt/vol). This trial lasted for 21 days. The physicochemical treatment showed that γ irradiation could decrease the molecular weight and viscosity, and increase the water solubility of APS (p < 0.05), whereas the structural properties of APS was not affected. In the animal trial, 900 mg/kg APS or 900, 600 mg/kg IAPS relieved the decreased growth performance, thymus index, T lymphocytes proliferation, serum IgG concentration, NOS activity and the increased blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in CPM-treated broilers (p < 0.05). CPM-induced decreases in B lymphocytes proliferation and serum IgM concentration were only increased by IAPS at 900 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Overall, both APS and IAPS alleviated CPM-induced immunosuppression. Especially, IAPS possessed better immunomodulatory effect than APS, indicating that γ irradiation could be used as an effective method to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ren L, Wang X, Li S, Li J, Zhu X, Zhang L, Gao F, Zhou G. Effect of gamma irradiation on structure, physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties of Astragalus polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:641-649. [PMID: 30171942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) were treated with different gamma irradiation doses (10, 25, 50, 100 and 150 kGy) to investigate the effects of gamma radiation processing on structure, physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties. The results revealed both the number-average and weight-average molecular weight of APS significantly decreased with increasing irradiation dose, whereas the solubility was increased after irradiation. A decrease in the apparent viscosity, as well as an increase in amount of small fragments of APS granules was also observed with increasing irradiation dose. FT-IR spectra indicated that gamma irradiation introduced no significant changes into the functional group status of APS. High irradiation dose (>50 kGy) caused a significant increase of yellowness and a slightly decrease of thermal stability of APS. Further, the immunomodulatory activity of irradiated APS was evaluated on Caco2 cells. APS irradiated at dose of 25 kGy exhibited the highest ability to induce nitric oxide production and up-regulate the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, occludin, zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as well as the protein expression of ZO-1 and TLR4. These findings indicate that gamma irradiation modification with a proper dose enhance immunomodulatory activity of APS by improving physicochemical properties without changing the functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Shan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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Wang Q, Sheng X, Shi A, Hu H, Yang Y, Liu L, Fei L, Liu H. β-Glucans: Relationships between Modification, Conformation and Functional Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:E257. [PMID: 28208790 PMCID: PMC6155770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a type of polysaccharide which widely exists in bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, and has been well known for its biological activities such as enhancing immunity, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, and wound healing activities. The conformation of β-glucan plays a crucial role on its biological activities. Therefore, β-glucans obtained from different sources, while sharing the same basic structures, often show different bioactivities. The basic structure and inter-molecular forces of polysaccharides can be changed by modification, which leads to the conformational transformation in solution that can directly affect bioactivity. In this review, we will first determine different ways to modify β-glucan molecules including physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods, and then reveal the relationship of the flexible helix form of the molecule chain and the helix conformation to their bioactivities. Last, we summarize the scientific challenges to modifying β-glucan's conformation and functional activity, and discuss its potential future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaojing Sheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Aimin Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ling Fei
- Cornell University, Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Enhanced production of curdlan by coupled fermentation system of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 and Trichoderma harzianum GIM 3.442. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1687-1694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ahmed J, Thomas L, Arfat YA. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on functional, thermal, rheological and structural properties of β-D-glucan concentrate dough. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Shah A, Masoodi F, Gani A, Ashwar B. Effect of γ -irradiation on antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of oat β -glucan. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Lei N, Wang M, Zhang L, Xiao S, Fei C, Wang X, Zhang K, Zheng W, Wang C, Yang R, Xue F. Effects of Low Molecular Weight Yeast β-Glucan on Antioxidant and Immunological Activities in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21575-90. [PMID: 26370978 PMCID: PMC4613268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the antioxidant and immune effects of low molecular yeast β-glucan on mice, three sulfated glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sGSCs) with different molecular weight (MW) and degrees of sulfation (DS) were prepared. The structures of the sGSCs were analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography-gel permeation chromatography (HPLC-GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). sGSC1, sGSC2, and sGSC3 had MW of 12.9, 16.5 and 19.2 kDa, respectively, and DS of 0.16, 0.24 and 0.27, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and immunological activities of the sGSCs. In vitro experiment, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities were determined. In vivo experiment, 50 male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. The sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 treatment groups received the corresponding sGSCs at 50 mg/kg/day each. The GSC (glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) treatment group received 50 mg/kg/day GSC. The normal control group received equal volume of physiological saline solution. All treatments were administered intragastrically for 14 day. Results showed that sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 can scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. The strength of the radical scavenging effects of the sGSCs was in the order of sGSC1 > sGSC2 > sGSC3. Oral administration of sGSC1 significantly improved serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in mice. sGSC1 significantly improved the spleen and thymus indexes and the lymphocyte proliferation, effectively enhanced the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells, decreased the percentage of CD8⁺ T cells, and elevated the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. sGSC1 significantly promoted the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that sGSC1 with low MW and DS has better antioxidant and immunological activities than the other sGSCs, and sGSC1 could be used as a new antioxidant and immune-enhancing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Sui Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chengzhong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Wenli Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Ruile Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
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β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7893-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effect of γ-irradiation on structure and nutraceutical potential of β-D-glucan from barley (Hordeum vulgare). Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:1168-75. [PMID: 25239191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the characterization and potential antioxidant activity of β-D-glucan isolated from barley treated with γ-rays. The β-D-glucan was irradiated with 0, 2, 4 and 8 kGy by gamma ray. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and quantitative estimation by Megazyme β-D-glucan assay kit. The average molecular weight of non-irradiated β-D-glucan was 177 kDa that decreased to 79 kDa at 8 kGy. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by five complementary assays including DPPH, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating ability and oxidative DNA damage assays. Further, the antiproliferative potential of irradiated β-D-glucan was tested against three human cancer cell lines including Colo-205, T47D and MCF7 using MTT assay. Irradiated β-D-glucan exhibited dose dependent cancer cell growth inhibition. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that irradiation leads to the formation of low molecular weight β-D-glucan with enhanced antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
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Radiation degradation of (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan from yeast with a potential application as a plant growth promoter. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effect of biopolymers on the characteristics and cytocompatibility of biocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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