1
|
Dallazen JL, Ciapparini PG, Maria-Ferreira D, da Luz BB, Klosterhoff RR, Felipe LPG, Silva BJG, Cordeiro LMC, Werner MFDP. Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide fraction from Malpighia emarginata fruits alleviates inflammatory pain in mice. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113743. [PMID: 38163695 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Malpighia emarginata (Malpighiaceae), popularly known as "acerola", is a tropical and subtropical fruit native to the Americas. Despite its high vitamin C content, which gives it a high antioxidant property, soluble dietary fibers, such as polysaccharides, are also abundant constituents of acerola (10% of the dried fruit). The acerola cold-water soluble (ACWS) fraction presented anti-fatigue and antioxidant effects in vivo and in vitro. To infer further systemic effects of ACWS, this study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of ACWS in murine models of pain. In formalin-induced nociception, ACWS (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) reduced only the inflammatory phase, and also (10 and 30 mg/kg) attenuated the acetic acid-induced writhing and leukocyte migration in the peritoneal cavity. The mechanical allodynia and paw edema induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan were greatly reduced by ACWS (10 mg/kg). At the inflammatory pick induced by carrageenan (4 h), ACWS significantly reduced myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α, IL-1β, and PGE2 levels, and restored IL-10 levels. ACWS also exhibited antioxidant properties by decreasing lipid hydroperoxides content, increasing GSH levels, and restoring superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the carrageenan model and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Collectively, these results support the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of ACWS and reveal a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucimara M C Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen C, Chen J, Wang Y, Fang L, Guo C, Sang T, Peng H, Zhao Q, Chen S, Lin X, Wang X. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits HSC activation and liver fibrosis via targeting inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ECM-receptor interaction mediated by TGF-β/Smad signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154626. [PMID: 36603342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) has many biological properties, however, the anti-fibrosis effect of GLP is unknown at present. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the anti-fibrogenic effect of GLP and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Both CCl4-induced mouse and TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cellular models of fibrosis were established to examine the anti-fibrogenic effect of a water-soluble GLP (25 kDa) extracted from the sporoderm-removed spores of G. lucidum.. METHOD Serum markers of liver injury, histology and fibrosis of liver tissues, and collagen formation were examined using an automatic biochemical analyzer, H&E staining, Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. RNA-sequencing, enrichment pathway analysis, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry were employed to identify the potential molecular targets and signaling pathways that are responsible for the anti-fibrotic effect of GLP. RESULTS We showed that GLP (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited hepatic fibrogenesis and inflammation in CCl4-treated mice as mediated by the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway. We further demonstrated that GLP significantly inhibited hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation in mice and in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells as manifested by reduced collagen I and a-SMA expressions. RNA-sequencing uncovered inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, TLR4/NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad signalings as major pathways suppressed by GLP administration. Further studies demonstrated that GLP elicits anti-fibrotic actions that are associated with a novel dual effect on apoptosis in vivo (inhibit) or in vitro (promote), suppression of cell cycle in vivo, induction of S phase arrest in vitro, and attenuation of ECM-receptor interaction-associated molecule expressions including integrins ITGA6 and ITGA8. Furthermore, GLP significantly inhibited the TGF-β/Smad signaling in mice, and reduced TGF-β1 or its agonist SRI-011381-induced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylations, but increased Samd7 expression in HSC-T6 cells. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that GLP could be a promising dietary strategy for treating liver fibrosis, which protects against liver fibrosis and HSC activation through targeting inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ECM-receptor interactions that are mediated by TGF-β/Smad signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Cuiling Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Tingting Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - He Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Shengjia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Xingya Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Structural properties, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides purified from pepper leaves by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
4
|
Wang Y, Jiang Z. Rapid large-scale preparation of polysaccharides from jackfruit peel waste by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:771-779. [PMID: 34851555 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were first isolated from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) peel through the one-step high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The separation process was completed using the polymer two-phase aqueous system constituted by PEG1000-K2 HPO4 -KH2 PO4 -H2 O (0.8:1.25:1.25:6.5, w/w). For every separation process, two main polysaccharides, namely, fraction-1 and fraction-2 (165 and 225 mg, respectively) were obtained from a 2.0 g crude sample. As suggested by high-performance gel permeation chromatography, jackfruit peel polysaccharides had the mean molecular weight values of 113.3 and 174.3 kDa, separately. Physicochemical analysis suggested that two polysaccharides were dominant in galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, as well as fucose, which were highly esterified. Biological activity analysis showed that fraction-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in vitro and hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared with fraction-2. The results suggest that polysaccharide fraction-1 may be developed as a potential functional food supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Januário AP, Félix R, Félix C, Reboleira J, Valentão P, Lemos MFL. Red Seaweed-Derived Compounds as a Potential New Approach for Acne Vulgaris Care. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111930. [PMID: 34834345 PMCID: PMC8623078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit affecting both adolescents and adults. Its pathophysiology includes processes of inflammation, increased keratinization, sebum production, hormonal dysregulation, and bacterial Cutibacterium acnes proliferation. Common AV has been treated with antibiotics since the 1960s, but strain resistance has emerged and is of paramount concern. Macroalgae are known producers of substances with bioactive properties, including anti-viral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, among several others. In particular, red algae are rich in bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, lipids, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, conferring them antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Thus, the exploration of compounds from marine resources can be an appealing approach to discover new treatment options against AV. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the potentialities of red macroalgae in the treatment of AV by reviewing the main therapeutic targets of this disease, and then the existence of compounds or extracts with bioactive properties against them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P. Januário
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - João Reboleira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ait Abdellah S, Gal C, Leblanc A, Trouvin AP, Perrot S. Clusters of Responders and Predictive Factors for Response to Supplementation with Boswellia, Turmeric, and Red Algae Extracts in Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Observational Study Using an Arsenal of Patient-Centered Measures. Open Access Rheumatol 2021; 13:1-13. [PMID: 33447100 PMCID: PMC7802896 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s287078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This observational study evaluated a combination of boswellia, turmeric, and red algae extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Given the growing interest in patient-centered care in osteoarthritis, effects were assessed by an arsenal of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): Patient Acceptable Symptom Scale (PASS), Minimal Clinically Important Improvement (MCII), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), and Lequesne algofunctional index (LAFI). Patients also completed a list of 17 items on pain quality. Patients and Methods Patients with painful unilateral or bilateral KOA had to take 1-4 capsules per day of a dietary supplement containing boswellia, turmeric, and red algae extracts for 90 days. Patients completed PROMs on Days 0 (baseline), 10, 20, 30, 60, and/or 90. Results A total of 118 patients [female: 69.5%; age: 62.9 (9.5) years, mean (SD)] were included in the study and took at least one capsule. Mean (SD) follow-up duration was 100.7 (54.9) days. Pain relief was maximal on Day 90: 64.5% of patients were responders (positive PASS); 68.8% and 58.4% had MCII and PGIC scores indicating positive effect (score ≥3) or global improvement (score ≥5); 73.3% (versus 47.5% at baseline) were mildly/moderately disabled (LAFI score <8); 55.2% had meaningful decrease (-30%) in pain intensity (VAS), 35.1% (versus 59.2% at baseline) took analgesics as supplementary treatment. Median time to the first PASS change was 34 days. Pain intensity (VAS), as well as two pain characteristics (ie, "Stabbing pain" and "Widespread pain"), were independent factors associated with non-response on Day 30. Four clusters of responders were isolated according to pain characteristics, with one cluster exhibiting a higher responder rate. Conclusion The results of this preliminary study suggest that the combination of boswellia, turmeric, and red algae extracts tested could improve KOA patients. Beyond these results, this study showed the importance of PROMs and specific pain qualitative descriptors for the accurate evaluation of dietary supplement approaches in painful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Gal
- Clinical Research Department, PiLeJe Laboratoire, Paris, France
| | - Anne Leblanc
- Applied Research Department, PiLeJe Laboratoire, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Perrot
- Pôle Ostéo-Articulaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhardwaj M, T K P, Mani S, R M, Sali VK, Vasanthi HR. Sulfated polysaccharide from Turbinaria ornata suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4299-4305. [PMID: 32918958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine macroalgae known for its polysaccharides exhibit potent biomedical properties and its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent has increased in the recent past as inflammation is a major pathology noted in many chronic diseases. PURPOSE The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of a sulfated polysaccharide (PS) isolated from the marine algae Turbinaria ornata collected from the Indian waters on LPS induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PS isolated from the macroalgae was characterized using ESI(MS) and was screened for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in RAW 264.7 cells by assessing markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation. RESULTS LPS significantly increased the levels of LPO and LDH in RAW 264.7 cells which were significantly reduced in PS pre-treatment groups. Pretreatment significantly increased the antioxidants GSH and SOD and significantly reduced mRNA levels of IL6 and TNFα in vitro confirming its anti-inflammatory potential. NFκB and iNOS were significantly modulated by PS confirming the probable mode of action. CONCLUSION Altogether, it can be concluded that PS isolated from Turbinaria ornata collected from the Southeast Coast of India exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential probably mediated by the sulfated polysaccharide containing glucopyranose and fucopyranose moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Bhardwaj
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Padmavathy T K
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Sugumar Mani
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Malarvizhi R
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Veeresh Kumar Sali
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Hannah R Vasanthi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hou C, Chen L, Yang L, Ji X. An insight into anti-inflammatory effects of natural polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:248-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
9
|
Costa LEC, Brito TV, Damasceno ROS, Sousa WM, Barros FCN, Sombra VG, Júnior JSC, Magalhães DA, Souza MHLP, Medeiros JVR, de Paula RCM, Barbosa ALR, Freitas ALP. Chemical structure, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria intermedia algae. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:966-975. [PMID: 32450322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed at carrying out the isolation and biochemical characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide fraction (PLS) from the marine algae Gracilaria intermedia and investigating its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential. PLS was obtained through enzymatic digestion with papain and analyzed by means of gel permeation chromatography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to 1H and 13C. In order to evaluate the potential of anti-inflammatory action of PLS, we performed paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, compound 48/80, histamine and serotonin. In addition, we also measured the concentration of myeloperoxidase, cytokines, the count of inflammatory cells and performed tests of the nociception. The PLS isolated was of high purity and free of contaminants such as proteins, and had molecular weight of 410 kDa. The same macromolecule was able to decrease the paw edema induced by all inflammatory agents (P < 0.05), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, neutrophil migration and IL-1β levels. It also decreased acetic acid-induced writhing (P < 0.05) and formalin-induced paw licking time (P < 0.05), but no in hot plate test. In summary, the PLS decreased the inflammatory response by reducing neutrophil migration and modulating IL-1β production and antinociceptive effects by a peripheral mechanism dependent on the down-modulation of the inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo C Costa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Vieira Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Renan O Silva Damasceno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Willer M Sousa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Clark N Barros
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará 63.040-540, Brazil
| | - Venicios G Sombra
- Laboratory of Polymer, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Simião C Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Diva A Magalhães
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Marcellus H L P Souza
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jand-Venes R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia M de Paula
- Laboratory of Polymer, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Reis Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia P Freitas
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yahaya MAF, Zolkiffly SZI, Moklas MAM, Hamid HA, Stanslas J, Zainol M, Mehat MZ. Possible Epigenetic Role of Vitexin in Regulating Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9469210. [PMID: 32258178 PMCID: PMC7085883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9469210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been clinically characterized by a progressive degeneration of neurons which resulted in a gradual and irreversible cognitive impairment. The accumulation of Aβ and τ proteins in the brain contribute to the severity of the disease. Recently, vitexin compound has been the talk amongst researchers due to its pharmacological properties as anti-inflammation and anti-AD. However, the epigenetic mechanism of the compound in regulating the neuroinflammation activity is yet to be fully elucidated. Hence, this review discusses the potential of vitexin compound to have the pharmacoepigenetic property in regulating the neuroinflammation activity in relation to AD. It is with hope that the review would unveil the potential of vitexin as the candidate in treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. F. Yahaya
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. Z. I. Zolkiffly
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. A. M. Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H. Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J. Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Zainol
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. Z. Mehat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang C, Hu C, Zhang H, Chen W, Deng Q, Tang H, Huang F. Optimation for preparation of oligosaccharides from flaxseed gum and evaluation of antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 153:1107-1116. [PMID: 31756466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed oligosaccharides (FGOS) were prepared by degradation of flaxseed gum (FG) using enzymatic method. Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of FG were investigated by single factor and orthogonal tests. In the optimum hydrolysis conditions (reaction time 12 h, temperature 50 °C, pH 4.5, cellulase concentration 100 U/mL), the reducing sugar ratio and extraction yield of FGOS were 33.6 ± 0.35% and 56.8 ± 0.41%, respectively. The average molecular weight of FGOS was about 1.6 kDa, which consists of mannose, galactose, glucose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, xylose, rhamnose, ribose, galacturonic acid. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and NMR indicated that FG was successfully degraded to FGOS. FGOS exhibited better antioxidant activities than FG on scavenging hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radicals. In vitro cytotoxicities experiments reveal FGOS acquire the ability of antiproliferation against HepG2 and Hela cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Chao Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Q, Chen Z, Xu Z, Han S, Hao H, Wu J, Sun F, Fu X, Li R, Zheng B, Guo X, Zhang T, Chen Y. Binding of the polysaccharide from Acanthopanax giraldii Harms to toll-like receptor 4 activates macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:112011. [PMID: 31173876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine, Acanthopanax giraldii Harms, is commonly used to treat arthralgia due to wind, cold and dampness, as well as weakness in the feet and knees. Its other reported effects include eliminating flatulence, strengthening muscles and bones, and delaying aging. The polysaccharides in A. giraldii Harms are the major bioactive substances that confer the herb's antioxidant properties as well as anticancer and antiviral effects. AIMS OF THE STUDY To elucidate the underlying mechanism and signaling cascade involved in the homogeneous A. giraldii Harms polysaccharide II (AHP-II)-mediated immunomodulation of mice macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phagocytosis of neutral red and the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured to determine AHP-II-induced macrophage activation. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to confirm the binding of AHP-II to macrophages. The involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in AHP-II-induced macrophage activation was demonstrated using antibody blocking and macrophages from C3H/HeJ TLR4-mutant mice. Western blotting was used to map AHP-II-induced downstream signaling pathways. RESULTS AHP-II increased the phagocytosis of macrophages and the release of nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines. Direct, saturable and reversible binding of AHP-II to macrophages was observed, while it can be inhibited by the anti-TLR4 antibody. In addition, the presence of the anti-TLR4 antibody inhibited AHP-II-induced macrophage IL-6 and TNF-α production in the peritoneal macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice. Moreover, AHP-II-TLR4-stimulated macrophages activate the downstream intracellular ERK and JNK/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways. In addition, the AHP-II-mediated regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α production from macrophages was greatly affected by specific ERK, JNK and NF-κB inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the immunomodulatory mechanism of AHP-II in macrophage activation and identified TLR4 as the main receptor coordinating AHP-II binding. Our findings suggest AHP-II may be used as a novel immunopotentiator for medical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Zhiting Chen
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Zhilu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Shaoyun Han
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Huihui Hao
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428 Yuhe Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Fengxiang Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Ruyue Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Birong Zheng
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, No.7166 W. Baotong Rd, Weifang City, 261042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bac VH, Paulsen BS, Truong LV, Koschella A, Trinh TC, Wold CW, Yogarajah S, Heinze T. Neutral Polysaccharide from the Leaves of Pseuderanthemum carruthersii: Presence of 3- O-Methyl Galactose and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071219. [PMID: 31336597 PMCID: PMC6680566 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin is a native tree in Vietnam. The water extract of the leaves from this tree gives a highly viscous product that has been used to heal wounds and treat inflammations. Our previous studies showed that the leaves of P. carruthersii have a high content of polysaccharides. In this study, the structure and influence of the neutral polysaccharide from Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (PCA1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were investigated. The PCA1 isolated from P. carruthersii is a galactan-type polysaccharide, containing galactose (77.0%), 3-O-methyl galactose (20.0%), and arabinose (3.0%). Linkage analysis of PCA1 showed that both the 3-O-methyl galactose and galactose were 1,4-linked. The presence of 3-O-methyl galactose units as part of the polysaccharide is important and can be used as a chemotaxonomic marker. The molecular weight of the PCA1 was 170 kDa. A PCA1 concentration of 30–40 μg/mL strongly inhibited TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 inflammatory cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. PCA1 had inhibitory activities on pro-inflammatory cytokine and ROS release in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages in vitro through MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vo Hoai Bac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Le Van Truong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andreas Koschella
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstrasse, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tat Cuong Trinh
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Protein Technology, Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christian Winther Wold
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Suthajini Yogarajah
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstrasse, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manlusoc JKT, Hsieh CL, Hsieh CY, Salac ESN, Lee YT, Tsai PW. Pharmacologic Application Potentials of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Marine Algae. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071163. [PMID: 31288474 PMCID: PMC6680640 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of exploration in finding new sources for treating different diseases, one possible natural source is from marine algae. Having an array of potential benefits, researchers are interested in the components which comprise one of these activities. This can lead to the isolation of active compounds with biological activities, such as antioxidation of free radicals, anti-inflammation, antiproliferation of cancer cells, and anticoagulant to name a few. One of the compounds that are isolated from marine algae are sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). SPs are complex heterogenous natural polymers with an abundance found in different species of marine algae. Marine algae are known to be one of the most important sources of SPs, and depending on the species, its chemical structure varies. This variety has important physical and chemical components and functions which has gained the attention of researchers as this contributes to the many facets of its pharmacologic activity. In this review, recent pharmacologic application potentials and updates on the use of SPs from marine algae are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Lun Hsieh
- Department of Athletics Sports, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Ellen San Nicolas Salac
- Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Ya-Ting Lee
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A bioinformatics investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of the effect of Fufang Danshen on pain based on methodologies of network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5913. [PMID: 30976033 PMCID: PMC6459854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fufang Danshen (FFDS), a Chinese medicine formula widely used in the clinic, has proven therapeutic effects on pain relief. However, the mechanisms of these effects have not been elucidated. Here, we performed a systematic analysis to discover the mechanisms of FFDS in attenuating pain to gain a better understanding of FFDS in the treatment of other diseases accompanied by pain. Relevance analysis showed that Salvia miltiorrhizae was the best studied herb in FFDS. Most compounds in FFDS have good bioavailability, and we collected 223 targets for 35 compounds in FFDS. These targets were significantly enriched in many pathways related to pain and can be classified as signal transduction, endocrine system, nervous system and lipid metabolism. We compared Salvia miltiorrhizae and Panax notoginseng and found that they can significantly affect different pathways. Moreover, ten pain disease proteins and 45 therapeutic targets can be directly targeted by FFDS. All 45 therapeutic targets have direct or indirect connections with pain disease proteins. Forty-six pain disease proteins can be indirectly affected by FFDS, especially through heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8) and transcription factor AP-1 (JUN). A total of 109 targets of FFDS were identified as significant targets.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang LJ, Huang XJ, Shi XD, Chen HH, Cui SW, Nie SP. Protective effect of three glucomannans from different plants against DSS induced colitis in female BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:1928-1939. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02305k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucomannans (GMs) from diverse natural plants have great potentiality in enhancing the host immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Xiao-Dan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Hai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Steve W. Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
- Guelph Research and Development Centre
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bezerra FF, Lima GC, Sousa NAD, Sousa WMD, Costa LEC, Costa DSD, Barros FCN, Medeiros JVR, Freitas ALP. Antidiarrheal activity of a novel sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:27-35. [PMID: 29803569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of marine seaweeds as a source of natural compounds with medicinal purposes is increasing in Western countries in the last decades, becoming an important alternative in the traditional medicine of many developing countries, where diarrhea still remains a severe public health problem, with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from red seaweeds can exhibit therapeutic effects for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, the pharmacological properties of the PLS from Gracilaria cervicornis, an endemic seaweed found in the Brazilian northeast coast, was evaluated as an alternative natural medication for diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of sulfated polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from the red seaweed G. cervicornis in Swiss mice pre-treated with castor oil or cholera toxin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis was collected at Flecheiras beach (city of Trairí, State of Ceará, Brazil) and the PLS was obtained through enzymatic extraction and administered in mice (25-30 g) before diarrhea induction with castor oil or cholera toxin. For the evaluation of the total number of fecal output and diarrheal feces, the animals were placed in cages lined with adsorbent material. The evaluation of intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice occurred by dissecting the small intestine and measuring its volume. The determination of Na+/K+-ATPase activity was measured in the small intestine supernatants by colorimetry, using commercial biochemistry kits. The gastrointestinal motility was evaluated utilizing an activated charcoal as a food tracer. The intestinal fluid secretion and chloride ion concentration were evaluated in intestinal closed loops in mice with cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea. The binding ability of PLS with GM1 and/or cholera toxin was evaluated by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS The G. cervicornis PLS showed antidiarrheal effects in both acute and secretory diarrhea, reducing the total number of fecal output, diarrheic stools, intestinal fluid accumulation, and increasing small intestine Na+/K+-ATPase activity on castor oil-induced diarrhea. However, the PLS did not affect gastrointestinal motility, indicating that this compound has a different action mechanism than loperamide. In secretory diarrhea, the PLS decreased intestinal fluid secretion and small intestine chloride excretion, binding with GM1 and/or cholera toxin and blocking their attachment to the enterocyte cell surface. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PLS has a significant antidiarrheal effect in acute and secretory diarrhea. Further investigation is needed towards its use as a natural medicine to treat diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Felipe Bezerra
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glauber Cruz Lima
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Alves de Sousa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Willer Malta de Sousa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Castanheira Costa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Douglas Soares da Costa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Clark Nogueira Barros
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará - Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Ponte Freitas
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rajkumar P, Venkatesan R, Sasikumar S, Ramprasath T, Karuppiah PS, Ramu A, Selvam GS. Characterization of agarolytic enzymes of Arthrobacter spp. AG-1 for the whole cell conversion of agar into 3,6-anhydro-α- l -galactose in one pot. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Castro JPLD, Costa LEC, Pinheiro MP, Francisco TDS, Vasconcelos PHMD, Funari LM, Daudt RM, Santos GRCD, Cardozo NSM, Freitas ALP. Polysaccharides of red alga Gracilaria intermedia: structure, antioxidant activity and rheological behavior. POLIMEROS 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.013116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Mediesse FK, Boudjeko T, Hasitha A, Gangadhar M, Mbacham WF, Yogeeswari P. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory response by polysaccharide fractions of Khaya grandifoliola (C.D.C.) stem bark, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf leaves in raw 264.7 macrophages and U87 glioblastoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMID: 29530027 PMCID: PMC5848566 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Khaya grandifoliola (C.D.C.) stem bark, Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr leaves are used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Several studies have been performed on the biological activities of secondary metabolites extracted from these plants. However, to the best of our knowledge, the anti-neuro inflammatory and protective roles of the polysaccharides of these three plants have not yet been elucidated. This study aimed at investigating potential use of K. grandifoliola, C. sanguinolenta and C. citratus polysaccharides in the prevention of chronic inflammation. Methods Firstly, the composition of polysaccharide fractions isolated from K. grandifoliola stem bark (KGF), C. sanguinolenta (CSF) and C. citratus (CCF) leaves was assessed. Secondly, the cytotoxicity was evaluated on Raw 264.7 macrophages and U87-MG glioblastoma cell lines by the MTT assay. This was followed by the in vitro evaluation of the ability of KGF, CSF and CCF to inhibit lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced overproduction of various pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, ROS and IL1β, TNFα, IL6, NF-kB cytokines). This was done in Raw 264.7 and U87-MG cells. Finally, the in vitro protective effect of KGF, CSF and CCF against LPS-induced toxicity in the U87-MG cells was evaluated. Results CCF was shown to mostly contain sugar and no polyphenol while KGP and CSP contained very few amounts of these metabolites (≤ 2%). The three polysaccharide fractions were non-toxic up to 100 μg.mL− 1. All the polysaccharides at 10 μg/mL inhibited NO production, but only KGF and CCF at 12.5 μg/mL down-regulated LPS-induced ROS overproduction. Finally, 100 μg/mL LPS reduced 50% of U87 cell viability, and pre-treatment with the three polysaccharides significantly increased the proliferation. Conclusion These results suggest that the polysaccharides of K. grandifoliola, C. citratus and C. sanguinolenta could be beneficial in preventing/treating neurodegenerative diseases in which neuroinflammation is part of the pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
21
|
Facile production of seaweed-based biomaterials with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
22
|
Hou L, Meng M, Chen Y, Wang C. A water-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa induced macrophages activation via TLR4-MyD88-IKKβ-NF-κB p65 pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86604-86614. [PMID: 29156820 PMCID: PMC5689710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the immunomodulatory effects of water-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa on RAW264.7 macrophages and its molecular mechanisms were investigated. G. frondosa polysaccharide could obviously enhance immunostimulatory activity such as the release of nitric oxide and cytokine production. Western blotting results showed that G. frondosa polysaccharide elevated the TLR4, which might act as an upstream regulator of MyD88 induced G. frondosa polysaccharide. MyD88 promoted IKKβ in endochylema and translocate NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus which increased the NO production and cytokine/chemokines level. The results suggested that G. frondosa polysaccharide activated macrophages through TLR4-MyD88-IKKβ-NF-κBp65 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A Novel Polysaccharide Conjugate from Bullacta exarata Induces G1-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030384. [PMID: 28257055 PMCID: PMC6155380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullacta exarata has been consumed in Asia, not only as a part of the normal diet, but also as a traditional Chinese medicine with liver- and kidney-benefitting functions. Several scientific investigations involving extraction of biomolecules from this mollusk and pharmacological studies on their biological activities have been carried out. However, little is known regarding the antitumor properties of polysaccharides from B. exarata, hence the polysaccharides from B. exarata have been investigated here. One polysaccharide conjugate BEPS-IA was isolated and purified from B. exarata. It mainly consisted of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1:2, with an average molecular weight of 127 kDa. Thirteen general amino acids were identified to be components of the protein-bound polysaccharide. Methylation and NMR studies revealed that BEPS-IA is a heteropolysaccharide consisting of 1,4-linked-α-d-Glc, 1,6-linked-α-d-Man, 1,3,6-linked-α-d-Man, and 1-linked-α-d-Man residue, in a molar ratio of 6:1:1:1. In order to test the antitumor activity of BEPS-IA, we investigated its effect against the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in vitro. The result showed that BEPS-IA dose-dependently exhibited an effective HepG2 cells growth inhibition with an IC50 of 112.4 μg/mL. Flow cytometry analysis showed that BEPS-IA increased the populations of both apoptotic sub-G1 and G1 phase. The result obtained from TUNEL assay corroborated apoptosis which was shown in flow cytometry. Western blot analysis suggested that BEPS-IA induced apoptosis and growth inhibition were associated with up-regulation of p53, p21 and Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that BEPS-IA may serve as a potential novel dietary agent for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
|
24
|
Raza A, Li F, Xu X, Tang J. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant polysaccharides from the stem of Trapa quadrispinosa using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:335-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
25
|
Sousa WM, Silva RO, Bezerra FF, Bingana RD, Barros FCN, Costa LE, Sombra VG, Soares PM, Feitosa JP, de Paula RC, Souza MH, Barbosa ALR, Freitas ALP. Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis : Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
26
|
de Araújo IWF, Rodrigues JAG, Quinderé ALG, Silva JDFT, Maciel GDF, Ribeiro NA, de Sousa Oliveira Vanderlei E, Ribeiro KA, Chaves HV, Pereira KMA, Bezerra MM, Benevides NMB. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions on bradykinin route of a polysulfated fraction from alga Ulva lactuca. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:820-830. [PMID: 27481342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated structural features of polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca and their effects on the classical models of nociception and inflammation. Crude extract was obtained by enzymatic digestion and isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The fraction with higher yield was used in the tests (SP-Ul). Swiss mice received SP-Ul (1, 3 or 9mg/kg; i.v.), 30min prior to injection of 0.8%-acetic acid or 1%-formalin or prior to a thermal stimulus. At same doses, SP-Ul was tested on Wistar rats on paw edema elicited by different irritants (carrageenan, dextran, bradykinin, histamine or serotonin). The results of infrared characterization indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups, sulfate, uronic acid and glycosidic linkages in all SP fractions spectrums. SP-Ul decreased significantly the antinociception in response to acetic acid or formalin (second phase), but not in the hot-plate test, suggesting that its analgesia occurs through a peripheral mechanism. SP-Ul did not reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema as supported by both histological and myeloperoxidase activity assessments. However, SP-Ul (1mg/kg; s.c.) reduced dextran-elicited edema, showing vascular anti-inflammatory effect, with bradykinin as major target because it did not reduce histamine- and serotonin-induced paw edemas. Therefore, SP-Ul acts on bradykinin pathway in its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ianna Wivianne Fernandes de Araújo
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - José Ariévilo Gurgel Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Gomes Quinderé
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jane de Fátima Teixeira Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle de Freitas Maciel
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Natássia Albuquerque Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Edfranck de Sousa Oliveira Vanderlei
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Kátia Alves Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Coronel Estanislau Frota, s/n-Centro, Campus Sobral, CEP: 62010-560, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Coronel Estanislau Frota, s/n-Centro, Campus Sobral, CEP: 62010-560, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Karuza Maria Alves Pereira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Coronel Estanislau Frota, s/n-Centro, Campus Sobral, CEP: 62010-560, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques Bezerra
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Coronel Estanislau Frota, s/n-Centro, Campus Sobral, CEP: 62010-560, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Norma Maria Barros Benevides
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rosa SIG, Rios-Santos F, Balogun SO, Martins DTDO. Vitexin reduces neutrophil migration to inflammatory focus by down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators via inhibition of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:9-17. [PMID: 26902402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitexin is a flavonoid found in plants of different genus such as Vitex spp. and Crataegus spp. Despite being an important molecule present in phytomedicines and nutraceuticals, the mechanisms supporting its use as anti-inflammatory remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in acute anti-inflammatory effect of vitexin with regard to neutrophil recruitment and macrophages activation. METHODS Anti-inflammatory properties of vitexin were evaluated in four models of neutrophil recruitment. The regulation of inflammatory mediators release was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Vitexin (5, 15 and 30 mg/kg p.o) effects on leukocytes migration to peritoneal cavity induced by zymosan (ZY), carrageenan (CG), n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated in Swiss-Webster mice and the effects on the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 cytokines, and NO concentration were in the LPS-peritonitis. RAW 264.7 macrophages viability were determined by Alamar Blue assay as well as the capacity of vitexin in directly reducing the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, NO and PGE2. Additionally, vitexin effects upon the transcriptional factors p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were evaluated by western blotting in cells activated with LPS. RESULTS Vitexin was not cytotoxic (IC50 > 200 µg/ml) in RAW 264.7 and at all doses tested it effectively reduced leukocyte migration in vivo, particularly neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage, independently of the inflammatory stimulus used. It also reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and NO releases in the peritoneal cavity of LPS-challenged mice. Vitexin had low cytotoxicity and was able to reduce the releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, PGE2 and increase in IL-10 release by LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells. Vitexin was also able to regulate transcriptional factors for pro-inflammatory mediators, reducing the expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK in LPS-elicited cells. CONCLUSIONS Vitexin presented no in vitro cytotoxicity. Inhibition of neutrophil migration and pro-inflammatory mediators release contributes to the anti-inflammatory activity of vitexin. These effects are associated with the inactivation of important signaling pathways such as p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, which act on transcription factors for eliciting induction of inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Iara Guirra Rosa
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Rios-Santos
- Physiology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saigusa M, Nishizawa M, Shimizu Y, Saeki H. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of digested peptides derived from salmon myofibrillar protein conjugated with a small quantity of alginate oligosaccharide. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1518-27. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Salmon myofibrillar protein (Mf) was investigated as a source of edible anti-inflammatory products. Peptides produced by stepwise digestion of Mf (without carbohydrate) with pepsin and trypsin had little effect on the secretion of inflammation-related compounds from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. However, peptides prepared from Mf conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO; 19 μg/mg protein) (dMSA) through the Maillard reaction in the presence of sorbitol significantly reduced the secretion of the pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, dMSA inhibited acute inflammation in a carrageenan-induced model of paw edema in mice, but had no effect on natural killer cell cytotoxic activity or macrophage phagocytosis. These results suggest that fish Mf conjugated with AO may be a potential food material with anti-inflammatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Saigusa
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saeki
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Metabolic profile of 2-(2-hydroxypropanamido) benzoic acid in rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 993-994:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Carvalho NS, Silva MM, Silva RO, Nicolau LAD, Sousa FBM, Damasceno SRB, Silva DA, Barbosa ALR, Leite JRSA, Medeiros JVR. Gastroprotective properties of cashew gum, a complex heteropolysaccharide of Anacardium occidentale, in naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in rats. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:143-51. [PMID: 25959135 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Long-term use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) lesion formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective activity of cashew gum (CG), a complex heteropolysaccharide extracted from Anacardium occidentale on naproxen (NAP)-induced GI damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with vehicle or CG (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily for 2 days; after 1 h, NAP (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were euthanized on the 2nd day of treatment, 4 h after NAP administration. Stomach lesions were measured using digital calipers. The medial small intestine was used for the evaluation of macroscopic lesion scores. Samples of the stomach and the intestine were used for histological evaluation, and assays for glutathione (GSH), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Additional rats were used to measure gastric mucus and secretion. Pretreatment with CG reduced the macroscopic and microscopic damage induced by NAP. CG significantly attenuated NAP-induced alterations in MPO, GSH, and MDA levels. Furthermore, CG returned adherent mucus levels to normal values. These results suggest that CG has a protective effect against GI damage via mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammation and increasing the amount of adherent mucus in mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia S Carvalho
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, 64204-260, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Renan O Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas A D Nicolau
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Francisca Beatriz M Sousa
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, 64204-260, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Samara R B Damasceno
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Durcilene A Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, 64204-260, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - André L R Barbosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, 64204-260, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, 64204-260, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes R Medeiros
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí, 64204-260, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hebar A, Koller C, Seifert JM, Chabicovsky M, Bodenteich A, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Grassauer A, Prieschl-Grassauer E. Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122911. [PMID: 25875737 PMCID: PMC4395440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. Less data are available for other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug’s action. Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. Permeation studies revealed no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa, demonstrating that iota-carrageenan does not reach the blood stream. Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. Data do not provide any evidence for local intolerance or toxicity, when carrageenan is applied intranasally or by inhalation. No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity have been observed in the in vivo studies. This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application.
Collapse
|
32
|
do Nascimento GE, Corso CR, de Paula Werner MF, Baggio CH, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LM. Structure of an arabinogalactan from the edible tropical fruit tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) and its antinociceptive activity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:300-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
33
|
Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:112-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|