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Zhou J, Li J, Liang E, Qi M, Huang Y, Zhang L. Transcriptomic Analysis Under Drought and Salt Stress Provides Insight into Genes Putatively Involved in Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax japonicus Meyer. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10845-y. [PMID: 38836961 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Panax japonicus Meyer, a perennial herb of the dicotyledonaceae family Araliaceae, is a rare folk traditional Chinese medicine, known as "the king of herbal medicine" in China. To understand the genes involved in secondary pathways under drought and salt stress, the transcriptomic analysis of P. japonicus is of vital importance. The transcriptome of underground rhizomes, stems, and leaves under drought and salt stress in P. japonicus were performed using the Illumina HiSeq platform. After de novo assembly of transcripts, expression profiling and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed. Furthermore, putative functions of identified DEGs correlated with ginsenoside in P. japonicus were explored using Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. A total of 221,804 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome of P. japonicus. The further analysis revealed that 10,839 unigenes were mapped to 91 KEGG pathways. Furthermore, a total of two metabolic pathways of P. japonicus in response to drought and salt stress related to triterpene saponin synthesis were screened. The sesquiterpene and triterpene metabolic pathways were annotated and finally putatively involved in ginsenoside content and correlation analysis of the expression of these genes were analyzed to identify four genes, β-amyrin synthase, isoprene synthase, squalene epoxidase, and 1-deoxy-D-ketose-5-phosphate synthase, respectively. Our results paves the way for screening highly expressed genes and mining genes related to triterpenoid saponin synthesis. It also provides valuable references for the study of genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and signal pathway of P. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China
- Innovation Center for Efficient Agriculture of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Innovation Center for Efficient Agriculture of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - E Liang
- Innovation Center for Efficient Agriculture of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Minjie Qi
- Innovation Center for Efficient Agriculture of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Yuanshe Huang
- Innovation Center for Efficient Agriculture of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China.
- Innovation Center for Efficient Agriculture of Guizhou Mountain Characteristics, Anshun University, Anshun, China.
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Zhou H, Zhang X, Huang R, Su T. Antifatigue effects and antioxidant activity in polysaccharide fractions from Chinese yam bulbils. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1218-1229. [PMID: 38370048 PMCID: PMC10867482 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the principal component in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) bulbils. The properties and antifatigue of polysaccharides from yam bulbils (PYB) were identified and compared. Their molecular weights (PYB-1 and PYB-2) were approximately 145 and 11 kDa, respectively, with active β-configurations. Meanwhile, the antifatigue activities of PYBs were tested in mice via exhaustive swimming tests (EST). The EST results indicated that PYB-1 and PYB-2 significantly prolonged swimming time in mice (p < .05). Associated with this increase was a rise in hepatic glycogen content and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) activity, along with a decline in blood urea nitrogen, lactic acid, and malondialdehyde levels. The results showed that molecular weight might contribute to the antifatigue effects of PYBs. Additionally, antioxidant tests showed that PYB-1 had stronger free-radical scavenging activity than PYB-2. Taken together, the findings indicated that PYBs exhibited effective antifatigue and antioxidant activities providing additional evidence supporting the use of PYBs as functional food ingredients for relieving fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Xu Zhou
- Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangChina
| | - Ren‐gui Huang
- Chongqing SIIE Product Quality Testing Co., Ltd.ChongqingChina
| | - Tong‐chao Su
- Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiangChina
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Geng X, Guo D, Wu B, Wang W, Zhang D, Hou S, Bau T, Lei J, Xu L, Cheng Y, Feng C, Meng J, Qian H, Chang M. Effects of different extraction methods on the physico-chemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from Clitocybe squamulosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129234. [PMID: 38216007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
This study comparatively evaluated the effects of the commonly used six extraction methods (acidic, alkaline, enzymatic, ultrasonic, high-pressure, and microwave) on the physico-chemical properties, processing characteristics, and biological activities of polysaccharides from Clitocybe squamulosa (CSFPs). The results show that polysaccharides extracted using an enzyme-assisted extraction method has a relatively high extraction yield (4.46 ± 1.62 %) and carbohydrate content (70.79 ± 6.25 %) compared with others. Furthermore, CSFPs were all composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and glucosamine hydrochloride. Only ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides (CSFP-U) has a triple helix chain conformation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant differences in the microstructure of polysaccharides prepared using different methods. Besides that, the polysaccharides prepared by alkali extraction (CSFP-B) and high-pressure assisted extraction (CSFP-H) have good water (2.86 ± 0.29 g/g and 3.15 ± 0.29 g/g) and oil (8.13 ± 0.32 g/g and 7.97 ± 0.04 g/g) holding properties. The rheological behavior demonstrated that CSFPs solutions were typical non-Newtonian fluid. Apart from this, the antioxidant capacity (clearing DPPH (IC50 = 0.29) and ABTS free radicals (IC50 = 0.19), total reduction ability (IC50 = 3.02)) of polysaccharides prepared by the microwave-assisted extraction (CSFP-M) method was significantly higher than that of other extraction methods. By contrast, the polysaccharide prepared by acid extraction (CSFP-A) has the optimum binding capacity (bile acid salt (71.30 ± 6.78 %) and cholesterol (57.07 ± 3.26 mg/g)). The antibacterial activity of CSFPs was positively correlated with their concentration. Thus, the research results can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of polysaccharides from C. squamulosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Dongdong Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Wuxia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Defang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Shuting Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Tergun Bau
- Inner Mongolia Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fishery, Biology Experiment Research Centre, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, PR China
| | - Jiayu Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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Yan C, Ji S, Wu R, Li M, He K, Shi H, Wang C, Yang H, Guo J, Wu J. Structural properties and biological activities of the extracellular polysaccharide of Bacillus subtilis LZ13-4. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129176. [PMID: 38181904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable functional characteristics of Bacillus subtilis extracellular polysaccharides (BSPS) are of great interest. Therefore, in the present study, BSPS was isolated and characterized to obtain two fractions, BSPS-1 and BSPS-2, respectively, and to investigate their biological activities. BSPS-1 contained fructose, glucose, and galactose (molar ratio: 25.27:43.37:31.36), while BSPS-2 contained fructose with only trace amounts of glucose, galactose, and mannose (molar ratio: 55.08:19.03:19.21:6.68), and their respective average molecular weights were 16.9 kDa and 202.67 kDa. With a 93.55 % clearance of ABTS•+ at a concentration of 2 mg/mL of BSPS-1, the antioxidant activity revealed that BSPS-1 had greater antioxidant activity than BSPS-2 and that both were concentration-dependent. The inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells demonstrated that BSPS-1 and BSPS-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and increased the expression of apoptotic proteins, causing apoptosis. The inhibition rate on HepG2 cells was dose-dependent and reached 52.7 % and 40.3 % after 48 h of action. BSPS-2 and 800 μg/mL BSPS-1 growth was inhibited in the G1/G0 phase, while 200 and 400 μg/mL BSPS-1 growth was inhibited in the S phase. In conclusion, the study of the BSPS's structure and properties can offer a theoretical foundation for real-world industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Yan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Mo Li
- College of Criminal Science and Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110854, P.R. China
| | - Kairu He
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P.R. China.
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Qin S, Li Y, Shao H, Yu Y, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Huang J, Hu JM, Yang L. Interaction mechanism between luteoloside and corn silk glycans and the synergistic role in hypoglycemic activity. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38225526 PMCID: PMC10789705 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
As the two most principal active substances in the corn silk, polysaccharides and flavonoids, the mechanism of interaction between them has been a topic of intense research. This study provides an in-depth investigation of the interaction mechanism between corn silk glycans and luteoloside (LUT) and the synergistic role that result from this interaction. The interaction mechanism was evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD), and the synergistic role was evaluated by the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT-1), insulin secretion and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). CD and ITC results indicated that the interaction between CSGs and LUT mainly driven by the Cotton effects, enthalpy and entropy-driven. This interaction precipitated the formation of complexes (CSGs/LUT complexes) between corn silk glycans (CSGs) with four different molecular weights and luteoloside (LUT). Furthermore, the CSGs and LUT play a synergistic role in glucose regulation through GLUT-1 expression and insulin secretion experiments, compared to single luteoloside group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yanlang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Huiyan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yina Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Chen Y, Liu M, Wen J, Yang Z, Li G, Cao Y, Sun L, Ren X. Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer: a comprehensive review on botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and authentication. Chin Med 2023; 18:148. [PMID: 37950271 PMCID: PMC10636818 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer (Zhujieshen) is widely used in traditional medicine as a tonic hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, it is used as an important substitute for ginseng roots by minority ethnic groups in China. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research on Zhujieshen in recent years, aiming at providing a systematic overview of the current knowledge, and perspectives for future research and exploitation. MAIN BODY This review examines the research advances in botanical profile, phytochemicals, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and authentication of Zhujieshen. Various compounds have been reported as active components, mainly including saponins, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. Pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that Zhujieshen is an important herb with significant bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, cardio-protective, neuro-protective, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic and immunomodulatory activities. CONCLUSION Currently, research on Zhujieshen is in the preliminary stages, and further research is required to understand the active compounds present and mechanisms of action. We hope that this comprehensive review of Zhujieshen will serve as a background for future research and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jinli Wen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zijie Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Guohui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Yan S, Liu X, Wang Y, Yang X, Bai L, Sun L, Zhou Y, Cui S. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharides from Veronica peregrina L. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1217862. [PMID: 37457979 PMCID: PMC10345500 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1217862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pectins are a class of acidic polysaccharides with complex structures. Different pectin molecules are composed of different domains, which have an important impact on their biological activity. Objective This study aimed to determine the structural features and the antioxidant activities of the pectic polysaccharides isolated from Veronica peregrina L. Methods The polysaccharide was isolated from Veronica peregrina L by water extraction and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The structure features of the pectic polysaccharides were determined by Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antioxidant activities was evaluated by the DPPH, OH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. Results WVPP-A2b and WVPP-A3b, with molecular weights of 48.7 × 104 and 77.6 × 104 kDa, respectively, contained homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) domains with a mass ratio of 2.08:2.64:1.00 and 3.87:4.65:1:00, respectively. The RG-I domain contained an arabinogalactan II backbone and arabinans consisting of t-Araf, (1→5)-α-Araf, and (1→3,5)-α-Araf. WVPP-A3b also contained short chains consisting of the [t-Araf-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→] structural unit. WVPP-A3b showed stronger ability to scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals, which was potentially associated with its high content of galacturonic acid and presence of the HG domain. Conclusion The results provide information for enhancing knowledge of the structureactivity relationship of pectic polysaccharides from V. peregrina and their potential application in the healthcare food field.
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Thinh PD, Hang CTT, Trung DT, Nguyen TD. Pectin from Three Vietnamese Seagrasses: Isolation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the isolation and structural characterization of pectin from three distinct species of Vietnamese seagrass including Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, and Halophila ovalis. The pectin yield obtained from Enhalus acoroides was the highest, corresponding to 24.15%, followed by those from Thalassia hemprichii (20.04%) and Halophila ovalis (19.14%). The physicochemical properties of pectin including total carbohydrate content, anhydrouronic acid (AUA) content, equivalent weight (EW), methoxyl content (MeO), and degree of esterification (DE) were determined using various analysis techniques. The pectin obtained from all three species were found to be low-methyl-esterified pectin, with the MeO content and DE for E. acoroides, T. hemprichii, and H. ovalis being 6.15% and 27.18%, 3.26% and 43.31%, and 4.65% and 33.25%, respectively. The average molecular weight (MW) of pectin was analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography. Pectin from T. hemprichii had the highest MW of 173.01 kDa, followed by pectin from E. acoroides, with a MW of 127.32 kDa, and that from H. ovalis, with a MW of 56.06 kDa. Furthermore, the pectins from all three seagrass species exhibited high antioxidant activity and might be promising as antioxidants.
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Niu X, Yao Y, Li Y, Li C, Pan X, Han L. The role of the ferroptosis pathway in the regulation of polysaccharides for human health: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123349. [PMID: 36669310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are natural polymers with ketone or aldehyde groups that are widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. They exhibit various biological activities and have potential development value in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered modality that modulates cell death and has attracted considerable attention because it is considered to be involved in many pathophysiological processes. The inhibition of ferroptosis by reducing intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation may provide potential protective strategies against related pathologies. Ferroptosis is also involved in the physiological activities of polysaccharides, and its regulatory mechanism varies according to different physiological activities. However, a systematic summary on the involvement of ferroptosis in the physiological activities of polysaccharides is currently lacking. Therefore, this review systematically summarized the relationship between the physiological activities of polysaccharides and ferroptosis and focused on the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, with respect to the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of all polysaccharides. The primary objective was to find new polysaccharide-related therapeutic breakthroughs for related diseases and to provide a reference for further research on polysaccharides-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yupei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Huang C, Li P, Yang X, Niu T, Zhao S, Yang L, Wang R, Wang Z. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal candidate genes for ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1106145. [PMID: 36699857 PMCID: PMC9868605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer is a plant of the Araliaceae family, and its rhizomes can be used as dietary supplements. It is extremely rich in bioactive components ginsenosides with benefits to human health. However, the underlying mechanisms of ginsenosides biosynthesis in Panax japonicus remains poorly understood. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the metabolites, transcriptome, and proteome was conducted to investigate ginsenoside metabolism of Panax japonicus. Here, three types of ginsenosides were found to exhibited tissue-specific distribution using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Next, differentially expressed gene analysis revealed that transcript levels of ginsenosides biosynthetic genes have significant differences between differential samples. In addition, correlation analysis showed that the ginsenosides content was closely related to the expression level of 29 cytochrome P450s and 92 Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases. Finally, phylogenetic analysis was performed for the target proteins to conduct preliminary studies on their functions and classification. This study provides insight into the dynamic changes and biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides and offers valuable information on the metabolic regulation of Panax japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaokang Huang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Niu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Hu YB, Hong HL, Liu LY, Zhou JN, Wang Y, Li YM, Zhai LY, Shi ZH, Zhao J, Liu D. Analysis of Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Aralia continentalis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121545. [PMID: 36558996 PMCID: PMC9783608 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We extracted, purified, and characterized three neutral and three acidic polysaccharides from the roots, stems, and leaves of Aralia continentalis Kitigawa. The results of the analysis of monosaccharide composition indicated that the polysaccharides from the roots and stems were more similar to each other than they were to the polysaccharides from the leaves. The in vitro antioxidant results demonstrated that the acidic polysaccharides had stronger antioxidant activity than the neutral fractions. Therefore, we investigated the primary purified acidic polysaccharide fractions (WACP(R)-A-c, WACP(S)-A-c, and WACP(L)-A-d) by NMR and enzymatic analysis. The structural analytical results indicated that WACP(R)-A-c contained homogalacturonan (HG); WACP(S)-A-c contained HG and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), and WACP(L)-A-d contained HG, RG-II, and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domains. Our findings offer insights into the screening of natural polysaccharide-based antioxidants and provide a theoretical basis for the application of A. continentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-bo Hu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hui-li Hong
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Li-yang Liu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jia-ning Zhou
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yi-ming Li
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Li-yuan Zhai
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zeng-hui Shi
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-85115751 (J.Z.)
| | - Duo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-85115751 (J.Z.)
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12
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Kurinjery A, Kulanthaiyesu A. Anti-hyaluronidase and cytotoxic activities of fucoxanthin cis/trans isomers extracted and characterized from 13 brown seaweeds. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Nutrient Deprivation Coupled with High Light Exposure for Bioactive Chrysolaminarin Production in the Marine Microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060351. [PMID: 35736154 PMCID: PMC9225646 DOI: 10.3390/md20060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysolaminarin, a kind of water-soluble bioactive β-glucan produced by certain microalgae, is a potential candidate for food/pharmaceutical applications. This study identified a marine microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis, in which chrysolaminarin production was investigated via nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur) deprivations (-N, -P, or -S conditions) along with an increase in light intensity. A characterization of the antioxidant activities of the chrysolaminarin produced under each condition was also conducted. The results showed that nutrient deprivation caused a significant increase in chrysolaminarin accumulation, though this was accompanied by diminished biomass production and photosynthetic activity. -S was the best strategy to induce chrysolaminarin accumulation. An increase in light intensity from 80 (LL) to 150 (HL) µE·m−2·s−1 further enhanced chrysolaminarin production. Compared with -N, -S caused more suitable stress and reduced carbon allocation toward neutral lipid production, which enabled a higher chrysolaminarin accumulation capacity. The highest chrysolaminarin content and concentration reached 41.7% of dry weight (%DW) and 632.2 mg/L, respectively, under HL-S, with a corresponding productivity of 155.1 mg/L/day achieved, which exceeds most of the photoautotrophic microalgae previously reported. The chrysolaminarin produced under HL-N (Iz-N) had a relatively competitive hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at low concentrations, while the chrysolaminarin produced under HL-S (Iz-S) exhibited an overall better activity, comparable to the commercial yeast β-glucan, demonstrating I. zhangjiangensis as a promising bioactive chrysolaminarin producer from CO2.
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14
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Zhang M, Zeng S, Hao L, Yao S, Wang D, Yang H, Wu C. Structural characterization and bioactivity of novel exopolysaccharides produced by Tetragenococcus halophilus. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Li X, Liu J, Zuo TT, Hu Y, Li Z, Wang HD, Xu XY, Yang WZ, Guo DA. Advances and challenges in ginseng research from 2011 to 2020: the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:875-909. [PMID: 35128553 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 to the end of 2020Panax species (Araliaceae), particularly P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, have a long history of medicinal use because of their remarkable tonifying effects, and currently serve as crucial sources for various healthcare products, functional foods, and cosmetics, aside from their vast clinical preparations. The huge market demand on a global scale prompts the continuous prosperity in ginseng research concerning the discovery of new compounds, precise quality control, ADME (absorption/disposition/metabolism/excretion), and biosynthesis pathways. Benefitting from the ongoing rapid development of analytical technologies, e.g. multi-dimensional chromatography (MDC), personalized mass spectrometry (MS) scan strategies, and multi-omics, highly recognized progress has been made in driving ginseng analysis towards "systematicness, integrity, personalization, and intelligentization". Herein, we review the advances in the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis pathway of ginseng over the past decade (2011-2020), with 410 citations. Emphasis is placed on the introduction of new compounds isolated (saponins and polysaccharides), and the emerging novel analytical technologies and analytical strategies that favor ginseng's authentic use and global consumption. Perspectives on the challenges and future trends in ginseng analysis are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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Hu Y, Wang S, Shi Z, Zhai L, Fu J, Zhao J. Purification, characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Okara. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Zenghui Shi
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhai
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Fu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering Chang Chun University Changchun P.R. China
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17
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Structural properties, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides purified from pepper leaves by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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18
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WANG H, CHEN W, LIN F, FENG J, CHEN L. Preparation of total saponins from Panax japonicus and their protective effects on learning and memory ability of aging mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.51521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lukui CHEN
- Southeast University, China; Southern Medical University, China
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19
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YU QY, YUAN S, YAN YY, ZHANG XF. Extraction, preparation and an assessment of the activity of carboxymethyl polysaccharide from Panax japonicus. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.82221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yang YU
- Qingdao Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China; Wuhan Polytechnic University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai YUAN
- Qingdao Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China; Wuhan Polytechnic University, People’s Republic of China
| | - You-Yu YAN
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Feng ZHANG
- Qingdao Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Wang Y, Jiang Z. Rapid large-scale preparation of polysaccharides from jackfruit peel waste by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:771-779. [PMID: 34851555 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were first isolated from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) peel through the one-step high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The separation process was completed using the polymer two-phase aqueous system constituted by PEG1000-K2 HPO4 -KH2 PO4 -H2 O (0.8:1.25:1.25:6.5, w/w). For every separation process, two main polysaccharides, namely, fraction-1 and fraction-2 (165 and 225 mg, respectively) were obtained from a 2.0 g crude sample. As suggested by high-performance gel permeation chromatography, jackfruit peel polysaccharides had the mean molecular weight values of 113.3 and 174.3 kDa, separately. Physicochemical analysis suggested that two polysaccharides were dominant in galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, as well as fucose, which were highly esterified. Biological activity analysis showed that fraction-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in vitro and hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared with fraction-2. The results suggest that polysaccharide fraction-1 may be developed as a potential functional food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China
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21
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Lee HJ, Kwack MH, Lee WJ. Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharides Promote the Expression of Acne-Related Inflammatory Biomarkers in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Sebocytes and Outer Root Sheath Cells and Cutibacterium acnes-Injected Mice. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:409-418. [PMID: 34616121 PMCID: PMC8460481 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.5.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although ginseng has beneficial effects largely related to their constituent ginsenosides, pharmacological effects of non-ginsenosides have been reported. Acidic polysaccharides of red ginseng (RGAP) are among the non-ginsenoside constituents that have characterized antioxidant properties. Objective We investigated the impact of RGAP on sebocytes and outer root sheath (ORS) cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in mice with Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-induced inflammatory nodules. Methods Sebocytes and ORS cells were cultured and treated with either 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide, 5 µg/ml LPS, 50 µg/ml RGAP or 5 µg/ml LPS+50 µg/ml RGAP for 6 and 24 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining were among the methods used to detect and quantify inflammatory cytokine production. Mice infected with C. acnes were treated with 2 weeks of RGAP provided in drinking water followed by immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory nodules. Results Administration of RGAP to LPS-treated sebocytes and ORS cell cultures resulted in increased expression of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α, toll-like receptor 2, p-c-jun, p-JNK and p-iKB (p<0.05). Administration of RGAP also resulted in increased expression of LL37 in LPS-treated sebocytes and ORS cells, and increased production of sebum in LPS-treated sebocytes (p<0.05). RGAP also promoted increased expression of inflammatory biomarkers in C. acnes-associated inflammatory nodules in mice (p<0.05). Conclusion RGAP may exacerbate inflammatory pathology associated with acne vulgaris. Ginseng supplements may be contraindicated in patients diagnosed with inflammatory acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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22
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Ning X, Liu Y, Jia M, Wang Q, Sun Z, Ji L, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Sun L. Pectic polysaccharides from Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis exhibit significant antioxidant effects. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117925. [PMID: 33838804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two pectic polysaccharides (WRSP-A2b and WRSP-A3a) have been obtained from Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and comparatively investigated in terms of their physical properties and antioxidant activities. Monosaccharide composition, FT-IR, NMR and enzymatic analyses indicate that both WRSP-A2b (13.6 kDa) and WRSP-A3a (44.6 kDa) consist of homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) domains, with mass ratios of 0.9:1.8:1 and 2.3:2.9:1, respectively. The RG-I domains were further purified and characterized. Results show that WRSP-A2b contains a highly branched RG-I domain, primarily substituted with α-(1→5)-linked arabinans, whereas WRSP-A3a contains a small branched RG-I domain mainly composed of β-(1→4)-linked galactan side chains. WRSP-A3a exhibits stronger antioxidant activity in scavenging different radicals than WRSP-A2b, a finding that may be due to its higher content of GalA residues and HG domains. Our results provide useful information for screening natural polysaccharide-based antioxidants from Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Mengdi Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Qidi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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23
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You S, Shi X, Yu D, Zhao D, An Q, Wang D, Zhang J, Li M, Wang C. Fermentation of Panax notoginseng root extract polysaccharides attenuates oxidative stress and promotes type I procollagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33446178 PMCID: PMC7807718 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. Polysaccharides in P. notoginseng has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of human diseases. However the application of fermentation technology in Panax notoginseng is not common, and the mechanism of action of P. notoginseng polysaccharides produced by fermentation is still unclear. The specific biological mechanisms of fermented P. notoginseng polysaccharides (FPNP) suppresses H2O2-induced apoptosis in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and the underlying mechanism are not well understood. METHODS In this study, the effects of water extracted and fermentation on concentration of polysaccharides in P. notoginseng extracts were analyzed. After the H2O2-induced HDF model of oxidative damage was established, and then discussed by the expression of cell markers, including ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MMP-1, COL-I, ELN, which were detected by related ELISA kits. The expression of TGF-β/Smad pathway markers were tested by qRT-PCR to determine whether FPNP exerted antioxidant activity through TGF-β signaling in HDF cells. RESULTS The polysaccharide content of Panax notoginseng increased after Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC 17452 fermentation. In the FPNP treatment group, ROS and MDA contents were decreased, reversed the down-regulation of the antioxidant activity and expression of antioxidant enzyme (CAT, GSH-Px and SOD) induced by H2O2. Furthermore, the up-regulation in expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3 and the down-regulation in the expression of Smad7 in FPNP treated groups revealed that FPNP can inhibit H2O2-induced collagen and elastin injury by activating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. CONCLUSION It was shown that FPNP could inhibit the damage of collagen and elastin induced by H2O2 by activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby protecting against the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. FPNP may be an effective attenuating healing agent that protects the skin from oxidative stress and wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiuqin Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Wang XJ, Xie Q, Liu Y, Jiang S, Li W, Li B, Wang W, Liu CX. Panax japonicus and chikusetsusaponins: A review of diverse biological activities and pharmacology mechanism. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:64-77. [PMID: 36117758 PMCID: PMC9476776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax japonicus, which in the Tujia dialect is known as “Baisan Qi” and “Zhujieshen”, is a classic “qi” drug of Tujia ethnomedicine and it has unique effects on disease caused by “qi” stagnation and blood stasis. This paper serves as the basis of further scientific research and development of Panax japonicus. The pharmacology effects of molecular pharmacology were discussed and summarized. P. japonicus plays an important role on several diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular agents, and this review provides new insights into P. japonicus as promising agents to substitute ginseng and notoginseng.
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Guo X, Ji J, Jose Kumar Sreena GS, Hou X, Luo Y, Fu X, Mei Z, Feng Z. Computational Prediction of Antiangiogenesis Synergistic Mechanisms of Total Saponins of Panax japonicus Against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:566129. [PMID: 33324204 PMCID: PMC7723436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the anti-angiogenesis mechanisms and key targets of total saponins of Panax japonicus (TSPJ) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: RStudio3.6.1 software was used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by analyzing the differences in gene expression in the synovial tissue of RA and to predict the potential targets of active compounds from TSPJ by the PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction databases. We evaluated the overlapping genes by intersectional analysis of DEGs and drug targets. Based on the overlapping genes, we used Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct a protein-protein interactions (PPI) network and applied Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to determine the mechanisms of the treatment. Finally, the correlations with angiogenesis-related genes were explored. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established and treated with different doses of TSPJ. The manifestations of CIA were determined by evaluation of arthritis index and histology score. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) were tested by ELISA. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-17A were detected by real time-quantitative PCR. Results: Altogether, 2670 DEGs were obtained by differential analysis, and 371 drug targets were predicted for four active components (Araloside A, Chikusetsusaponin IVa, Ginsenoside Rg2, and Ginsenoside Ro). A total of 52 overlapping genes were included in the PPI network and the KEGG analysis. However, only 41 genes in the PPI network had protein interactions. The results of the KEGG enrichment analysis were all related to angiogenesis, including VEGF and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Seven genes with negative correlations and 16 genes with positive correlations were obtained by correlational analysis of DEGs in the VEGF and HIF-1 signaling pathways. SRC proto-oncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3) had a higher value of degree and showed a significant correlation in the pathways; they were regarded as key targets. Compared with the model group, TSPJ significantly relieved the symptoms and decreased the expression of VEGFA, HIF-1α, IL-1β, and IL-17A in serum or spleens of CIA mice. Conclusion: In the current study, we found that antiangiogenesis is one of the effective strategies of TSPJ against RA; SRC and STAT 3 may be the key targets of TSPJ acting on the VEGF and HIF-1 signaling pathways, which will provide new insight into the treatment of RA by inhibiting inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jinyu Ji
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Goutham Sanker Jose Kumar Sreena
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hou
- Institute of Rheumatology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xianyun Fu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Wang N, Wang X, He M, Zheng W, Qi D, Zhang Y, Han CC. Ginseng polysaccharides: A potential neuroprotective agent. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:211-217. [PMID: 33841001 PMCID: PMC8020291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatments of nervous system diseases (NSDs) have long been difficult issues for researchers because of their complexity of pathogenesis. With the advent of aging society, searching for effective treatments of NSDs has become a hot topic. Ginseng polysaccharides (GP), as the main biologically active substance in ginseng, has various biological properties in immune-regulation, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and etc. Considering the association between the effects of GP and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, many related experiments have been conducted in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed previous studies about the effects and mechanisms of GP on diseases related to nervous system. We found GP play an ameliorative role on NSDs through the regulation of immune system, inflammatory response, oxidative damage and signaling pathway. Structure-activity relationship was also discussed and summarized. In addition, we provided new insights into GP as promising neuroprotective agent for its further development and utilization.
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Key Words
- AG, Arabinogalactan
- BBB, Blood–brain barrier
- BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- GP, Ginseng polysaccharides
- Ginseng
- HG, Homogalacturonan
- IFN-γ, Interferon-γ
- IL-17α, Interleukin-17 α
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- Molecular mechanism
- NSDs, Nervous system diseases
- Nervous system
- Polysaccharides
- RG, Rhamnogalacturonan
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianlei Wang
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao, 88 Xuzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Experimental center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chun-chao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author.
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Su J, Sun J, Jian T, Zhang G, Ling J. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharides from the Parasitic Fungus Cordyceps kyushuensis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8257847. [PMID: 32908915 PMCID: PMC7475740 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8257847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete Cordyceps genus has been used as valued traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps kyushuensis is a unique species of Cordyceps, which parasitizes on the larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker, and its major component cordycepin and aqueous extract are known to have many pharmacological effects. However, the physiological function of water-soluble polysaccharides has not been explored in detail. In this study, to resolve these doubts, we extracted and separated Cordyceps-derived polysaccharides and then evaluated the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. Four polysaccharide fractions were purified from Cordyceps-cultured stroma by DEAE-cellulose 23 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. Basic structural information was elucidated on the basis of physicochemical property and spectroscopic evidences. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and protective effect of DNA damage. The qualified immunologic activities were also determined in vivo and in vitro. The polysaccharides could stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes whether concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) existed or not, strengthen peritoneal macrophages to devour neutral red, and increase the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. The research provides the corresponding evidence for Cordyceps polysaccharides as a potential candidate for functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253056, China
| | - Tongtong Jian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Tai Y, Shen J, Luo Y, Qu H, Gong X. Research progress on the ethanol precipitation process of traditional Chinese medicine. Chin Med 2020; 15:84. [PMID: 32793299 PMCID: PMC7418433 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol precipitation is a purification process widely used in the purification of Chinese medicine concentrates. This article reviews the research progress on the process mechanism of ethanol precipitation, ethanol precipitation process application for bioactive component purification, ethanol precipitation and traditional Chinese medicine quality, ethanol precipitation equipment, critical parameters, parameter research methods, process modeling and calculation methods, and process monitoring technology. This review proposes that ethanol precipitation technology should be further developed in terms of five aspects, namely, an in-depth study of the mechanism, further study of the effects on traditional Chinese medicine quality, improvement of the quality control of concentrates, development of new process detection methods, and development of a complete intelligent set of equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Tai
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Jichen Shen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Yu Luo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Xingchu Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
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Chen R, Ren X, Yin W, Lu J, Tian L, Zhao L, Yang R, Luo S. Ultrasonic disruption extraction, characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharides from wild Armillaria mellea. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1491-1502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yue J, Zuo Z, Huang H, Wang Y. Application of Identification and Evaluation Techniques for Ethnobotanical Medicinal Plant of Genus Panax: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:373-398. [PMID: 32166968 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1736506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genus Panax, as worldwide medicinal plants, has a medical history for thousands of years. Most of the entire genus are traditional ethnobotanical medicine in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos, which have given rise to international attention and use. This paper reviewed more than 210 articles and related books on the research of Panax medicinal plants and their Chinese patent medicines published in the last 30 years. The purpose was to review and summarize the species classification, geographical distribution, and ethnic minorities medicinal records of the genus Panax, and further to review the analytical tools and data analysis methods for the authentication and quality assessment of Panax medicinal materials and Chinese patent medicines. Five main technologies applied in the identification and evaluation of Panax have been introduced and summarized. Chromatography was the most widely used one. Further research and development of molecular identification technology had the potential to become a mainstream identification technology. In addition, some novel, controversial, and worthy methods including electronic noses, electronic eyes, and DNA barcoding were also introduced. At the same time, more than 80% of the researches were carried out by a combination of chemometric pattern-recognition technologies and multi-analysis technologies. All the technologies and methods applied can provide strong support and guarantee for the identification and evaluation of genus Panax, and also conduce to excellent reference value for the development and in-depth research of new technologies in Panax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yue
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhitian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hengyu Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of rhizome nodes and internodes in Panax. japonicus var. major reveals candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins. Genomics 2020; 112:1112-1119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Therapeutic potential of ginsenosides on diabetes: From hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Chen W, Jia Z, Zhu J, Zou Y, Huang G, Hong Y. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides from thick-shell mussel (Mytilus coruscus) and their antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1116-1125. [PMID: 31425762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the purified fractions of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharides (MCPs) and investigate their antioxidant activities. MCPs were prepared through ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction optimized by employing the response surface methodology. A single-factor experiment was conducted using the Box-Behnken design to determine the optimum extraction conditions of MCPs. The ultrasonic power was 60 W, liquid-to-material ratio was 30 mL/g, extraction time was 36 min, extraction temperature was 64 °C, enzyme concentration was 3.2%, and polysaccharide extraction yield was 12.86% ± 0.12%. A novel polysaccharide (MCP1-2) was obtained after the purification with AB-8 macroporous resin, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, and Sepharose CL-6B column. The molecular weight of MCP1-2 was estimated to be 134.9 kDa according to high-performance gel permeation chromatography. High-pressure liquid-phase chromatography results showed that MCP1-2 contained mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and L-Fuc at a molar ratio of 1.53:1:4.83:81.82:2.36:1.51. Infrared and NMR spectroscopies confirmed that MCP1-2 possessed α- and β- configurations. The antioxidant activities of MCP1-2 were investigated in vitro, and the results showed that MCP1-2 had good antioxidant activity and can be used as a natural antioxidant in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China; National & Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrumentation for Marine Food, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenbao Jia
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China; National & Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrumentation for Marine Food, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China; National & Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrumentation for Marine Food, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Zou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China; National & Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrumentation for Marine Food, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangrong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China; National & Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrumentation for Marine Food, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Hong
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
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Li X, Liu Y, Guan W, Xia Y, Zhou Y, Yang B, Kuang H. Physicochemical properties and laxative effects of polysaccharides from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. in loperamide-induced rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111961. [PMID: 31102614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. possesses the effects of nourishing yin, moistening dryness, clearing lungs and relieving fire. Simultaneously, it has been used to treat constipation for more than one thousand years in China. However, modern medical studies are limited and lacking on its therapeutic mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY This current study was aimed to investigate the laxative activities and explore the potential mechanism of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. polysaccharides (AABP) in loperamide-induced constipation rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The structure of AABP was determined by using infrared spectrum, high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multitudinous methods were adopted to explore the underlining therapeutic mechanism of AABP in treating constipation, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS In the present study, the average molecular weight of AABP was determined as 1.11 × 103 kDa. The primary monosaccharide compositions were analyzed including D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose and L-arabinose (1, 0.04, 0.53, 0.11, 0.33, 0.25, respectively) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AABP significantly increased the levels of gastrin (Gas), motilin (MTL), substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and decreased the NO content of loperamide-induced rats to ameliorate constipation in the rats. Whilst, AABP repaired the damaged colons by regulating PCNA and ICAM-1 protein expressions. Additionally, AABP up-regulated the levels of SCF, c-Kit, AQP3 and VIP as well as down-regulated the expressions of AQP8, AQP4 and PGE2. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that AABP were the laxative active ingredients isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., which could treat constipation through regulating the gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters to improve the intestinal motility and water metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yonggang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Hu YN, Sung TJ, Chou CH, Liu KL, Hsieh LP, Hsieh CW. Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Yellow Strain Flammulina velutipes (Jinhua Mushroom) Polysaccharides and Their Effects on ROS Content in L929 Cell. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080298. [PMID: 31405147 PMCID: PMC6720607 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow strain Flammulina velutipes, which is known as Jinhua mushroom in Taiwan, has become popular among customers due to its distinct texture that is utterly different from white strain F. velutipes. However, there has been little study on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and biological functions of yellow strain F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVYs). The specific aims of this study are to evaluate and compare the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and biological functions of FVYs and white strain F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVWs) in order to select the strain appropriate for cosmetic ingredient. The FVYs and FVWs were prepared by fractional precipitation (40%, 60%, and 80%). According to the results, FVY-80 showed the greatest antioxidant activities based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 = 2.22 mg/mL) and 2,2' -azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical assay (IC50 = 2.04 mg/mL). None of the fractions exhibited cytotoxicity toward L929 cell under a concentration of 500 μ g/mL. FVY-80 significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in L929 cell by 55.96%, as compared with the H2O2-induced L929 cell, according to the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. In conclusion, we suggest that FVY-80 is the best source for a cosmetics ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Hu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Chou
- DR JOU BIOTECH CO., LTD, No.21, Lugong S. 2nd Rd., Lukang Township, Changhua Country 505, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lun Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Po Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Tang Y, Xiao Y, Tang Z, Jin W, Wang Y, Chen H, Yao H, Shan Z, Bu T, Wang X. Extraction of polysaccharides from Amaranthus hybridus L. by hot water and analysis of their antioxidant activity. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7149. [PMID: 31223543 PMCID: PMC6571129 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amaranthus hybridus L. is an annual herb that belongs to the Amaranthceae family, a type of multi-purpose grain, vegetable and feed crop that has received considerable attention due to its great economic value. However, the composition of polysaccharides from A. hybridus has rarely been previously reported. Methods In this study, the aboveground part of A. hybridus was used as material and polysaccharides were isolated by the hot water extraction method. Two acidic polysaccharides were isolated and purified by the Sevage method and diethylaminoethyl cellulose-32 column chromatography. Results Two acidic polysaccharides were obtained from A. hybridus: AHP-H-1 and AHP-H-2. There were significant differences between the monosaccharide content from each sample according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. AHP-H-2 had higher antioxidant activity in vitro than AHP-H-1. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging rate of two mg/mL AHP-H-2 was 80%, its hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was approximately 48.5%, its superoxide anion radical scavenging rate was 85.3% and its reduction ability of Fe3+ was approximately 0.92. The total antioxidant capacity of each milligram of AHP-H-2 was 6.5, which was higher than ascorbic acid. Conclusion The results of the study promote the effective use of A. hybridus and provide a theoretical basis for its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Weiqiong Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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37
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Zeng X, Li P, Chen X, Kang Y, Xie Y, Li X, Xie T, Zhang Y. Effects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:867-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yan J, Zhu L, Qu Y, Qu X, Mu M, Zhang M, Muneer G, Zhou Y, Sun L. Analyses of active antioxidant polysaccharides from four edible mushrooms. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:945-956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Zhu K, Yao S, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Xu F, Wu G, Dong W, Tan L. Effects of in vitro saliva, gastric and intestinal digestion on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit) Pulp. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Guo Q, Chen Z, Santhanam RK, Xu L, Gao X, Ma Q, Xue Z, Chen H. Hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from corn silk (Maydis stigma) and their beneficial roles via regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in L6 skeletal muscle myotubes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:981-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Zhu Y, Yang L, Zhang C, Tian Y, Zhang F, Li X. Structural and functional analyses of three purified polysaccharides isolated from Chinese Huaishan-yams. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:693-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Ye G, Li G, Wang C, Ling B, Yang R, Huang S. Extraction and characterization of dextran from Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides YB-2 isolated from mango juice. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:218-223. [PMID: 30600002 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain of YB-2 isolated from mango juice was identified as Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides. The molecular weight (Mw) of this EPS was 7.67×105 Da. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis confirmed the presence of only glucose monomers. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra displayed the glucan nature of the EPS with 96.8% α-(1→6) and 3.2% branching α-(1→3) linkages. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed smooth surfaces and compact structure. The water solubility index (WSI) and water-holding capacity (WHC) of dextran were 97.48±2.46% and 287.51±7.93%, respectively. The rheological analysis of dextran elucidated a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior. The dextran revealed an inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2.0 mg/mL and 3.0 mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Ye
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, PR China; Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Genliang Li
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, PR China
| | - Changli Wang
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, PR China
| | - Bo Ling
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, PR China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, PR China
| | - Suoyi Huang
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Guangxi's College for the Study of Characteristic Medicine in Youjiang River Basin, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, PR China.
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43
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An Integrated LC-MS-Based Strategy for the Quality Assessment and Discrimination of Three Panax Species. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112988. [PMID: 30445785 PMCID: PMC6278395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality assessment and discrimination of Panax herbs are very challenging to perform due to the complexity and variability of their chemical compositions. An integrated strategy was established using UHPLC-Q-Exactive/HRMS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to achieve an accurate, rapid, and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of Panax japonicas (PJ), Panax japonicus var. major (PM), and Panax zingiberensis (PZ). Additionally, discrimination among the three species was explored with partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots. A total of 101 compounds were plausibly or unambiguously identified, including 82 from PJ, 78 from PM, and 67 from PZ. Among them, 16 representative ginsenosides were further quantified in three herbs. A clear discrimination between the three species was observed through a multivariate statistical analysis on the quantitative data. Nine compounds that allowed for discrimination between PJ, PM, and PZ were discovered. Notably, ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf), ginsenoside F3 (G-F3), and chikusetsu saponin IV (CS-IV) were the three most important differential compounds. The research indicated that the integrated LC-MS-based strategy can be applied for the quality assessment and discrimination of the three Panax herbs.
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44
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Chemical characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides isolated from the stems of Parthenocissus tricuspidata. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Guo Q, Ma Q, Xue Z, Gao X, Chen H. Studies on the binding characteristics of three polysaccharides with different molecular weight and flavonoids from corn silk (Maydis stigma). Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:581-588. [PMID: 30093037 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides and flavonoids co-existed in corn silk (Maydis stigma) could interact inevitably during processing and digestion. In this study, the binding interaction between three polysaccharides with different molecular weight and flavonoids from corn silk was characterized using molecular dynamic and thermodynamic simulation. And the corn silk polysaccharides-flavonoids complex (CSP - CSF complex) was characterized using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, circular dichroism (CD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The three polysaccharides from corn silk showed the molecular weight distributions of 43.3 kDa, 61.3 kDa and 106.6 kDa, respectively, and they had the same monosaccharide types with different ratios. The adsorption of flavonoids to polysaccharides might be mostly driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, and it could be described through various isothermal models and thermodynamic equations such as Langmuir, Freundlich equations and Clausius-Clapeyron equation. This type of interactions could improve the biological activities of polysaccharides such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Zihan Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xudong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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46
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Kouadri I, Layachi A, Makhlouf A, Satha H. Optimization of extraction process and characterization of water-soluble polysaccharide (Galactomannan) from Algerian biomass; Citrullus colocynthis seeds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2018.1455343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Kouadri
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Abdelheq Layachi
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
- Institut des Sciences et Technique Appliquée, UFMC 1, Algeria
| | - Azzedine Makhlouf
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
- Université Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Hamid Satha
- Laboratoire des Silicates, Polymères et Nanocomposites, Université du 8 Mai 1945, Guelma, Algeria
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47
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Song H, He M, Gu C, Wei D, Liang Y, Yan J, Wang C. Extraction Optimization, Purification, Antioxidant Activity, and Preliminary Structural Characterization of Crude Polysaccharide from an Arctic Chlorella sp. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E292. [PMID: 30966327 PMCID: PMC6414885 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The arctic strain of Chlorella sp. (Chlorella-Arc) exists in the coldest and driest arctic ecosystems, and it is a new resource of active polysaccharides. The extraction of crude polysaccharide from Chlorella-Arc was optimized using the response surface methodology. A crude polysaccharide yield of approximately 9.62 ± 0.11% dry weight was obtained under these optimized conditions. Three fractions (P-I, P-II, and P-III) were present after purification by 2-diethylaminoethanol Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The P-IIa fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant activities. Moreover, P-IIa was an α- and β-type heteropolysaccharide with a pyran group and contained variable amounts of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, and galactose based on fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Production of high amounts of polysaccharide may allow further exploration of the microalgae Chlorella-Arc as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Meilin He
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chuankun Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Dong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuqi Liang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junmei Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
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48
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Xing Y, Chen C, Sun W, Zhang B, Sang Y, Xiu Z, Dong Y. An environment-friendly approach to isolate and purify glucan from spent cells of recombinant Pichia pastoris and the bioactivity characterization of the purified glucan. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:227-235. [PMID: 32624901 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris enables the industrial-scale biosynthesis of many recombinant products, large amount of nutrient-rich biomass emerged along this process. Polysaccharides, especially glucans that are abundant in the cell wall of P. pastoris, are yet to be better utilized owing to their various biological activities. However, the isolation and purification of cell wall glucan from P. pastoris has not been reported. In this study, we established an environment-friendly approach, including induced autolysis, hot-water treatment, ultrasonication, isopropanol extraction, and protease treatment, to isolate and purify glucan from the cell wall of P. pastoris. We achieved a purity of 85.3% and a yield of 11.7% for the purified glucan. Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and ash were efficiently removed during the purification. The activities of the purified glucan were investigated in mice fed with a high-fat diet. The purified glucan decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides by 30.3 and 29.7%, respectively. This result suggested that the cell wall glucan of P. pastoris could be developed to a therapeutic agent for dyslipidemia. Our study proposed an environment-friendly and effective method to isolate and purify the glucan from P. pastoris, providing solid foundation for the high-value utilization of this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Sang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
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49
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Ammar HH, Lajili S, Sakly N, Cherif D, Rihouey C, Le Cerf D, Bouraoui A, Majdoub H. Influence of the uronic acid composition on the gastroprotective activity of alginates from three different genus of Tunisian brown algae. Food Chem 2018; 239:165-171. [PMID: 28873554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginates from three genus of Tunisian brown algae were isolated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and Solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Alginate from Padina pavonica (APP) had the highest molecular weight (Mw) with 147,000g/mol while it was 85,000g/mol for alginate from Cystoseira compressa (ACC) and 58,000g/mol for alginate from Dictyopteris membranaceae (ADM). The mannuronate (M) to guluronate (G) ratios were estimated from spectral deconvolution of the 13C CP/MAS spectra and the results has shown that all the extracts are mannuronic acid-rich alginates with M/G ratio increased in the order ADM - ACC - APP. An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed for the extracts; ADM and ACC exhibited the highest inhibition of gastric lesions, at 50mg/kg, with 83.41% and 75.39% respectively. Otherwise, it has been shown that the gastroprotective effect of alginates depends mainly on their uronic acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hadj Ammar
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Lajili
- Laboratoire de développement chimique, galénique et pharmacologique des médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nawfel Sakly
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Dora Cherif
- Laboratoire de développement chimique, galénique et pharmacologique des médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Abderrahman Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de développement chimique, galénique et pharmacologique des médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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50
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Li Q, Li Q, Hao Z, Zheng X, He W. A novel polysaccharide from Rhizoma panacis japonica exerts anti-inflammatory effects via STAT3 signal pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26371-26376. [PMID: 35541964 PMCID: PMC9083078 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PJ-1 modulates the function of macrophages via the STAT3 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Immunology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xucai Zheng
- Department of Head, Neck and Breast Surgery
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital
- West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital
- The First of University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei
- China
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