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Liu Y, Niu X, Zhang D, Zhou L, Tao C, Lin Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Lin Z, Kong S. Insight into enhancing the performance of sludge dewatering using a novel flocculant CS-TA prepared through free radical-mediated conjugation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39010782 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2377797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Flocculation is one of the most significant conditioning methods for sludge dewatering. In the study, a novel flocculant CS-TA, prepared through free radical-mediated conjugation of tannic acid (TA) and chitosan (CS), was proposed to improve sludge dewatering. The characterisation using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the CS chain was the backbone of CS-TA, and the presence of CS-TA aromatic rings confirmed the conjugation of CS with TA. Moreover, the conditioning of CS-TA yielded the best dewatering performance at 30 mg g TS-1 with the water content of sludge cake by press filtration (Wsc) of 59.78% ± 0.3% and capillary suction time (CST) of 11.8s ± 0.35 s, compared to 98.2% ± 0.15% and 56.2 s ± 0.16 in raw sludge. The results of different influencing factors (e.g. pH and temperature) on flocculation efficiency indicated that CS-TA possessed the capacity for enhancing sludge dewaterability over a wide range of pH, and the optimal temperature was observed to be 35 °C. Furthermore, the increase of particle size and zeta potential implied the addition of CS-TA favoured the formation of larger particles charge neutralisation and adsorption bridging effect. In addition, extracellular polymer substances (EPS) analysis indicated that the decrease in the polysaccharide and protein contents in EPS after CS-TA addition could increase the relative hydrophobicity of sludge. Moreover, the contents of heavy metals in sludge and their leaching toxicity and environmental risk were reduced. This study provides comprehensive insights into the exploration of CS-TA for sludge dewatering and the maintenance of ecological security in an eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Tao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Guangzhou Urban Drainage Company Limited, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suying Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Yi X, He D, Tang X, Chen Y, Zheng H. Recent progress and perspectives of typical renewable bio-based flocculants: characteristics and application in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46877-46897. [PMID: 38980480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The research on bio-based flocculants for waste resource utilization and environmental protection has garnered significant attention. Bio-based flocculants encompass plant-based, animal-based, and microbial variants that are prepared and modified through biological, chemical, and physical methods. These flocculants possess abundant functional groups, unique structures, and distinctive characteristics. This review comprehensively discussed the removal rates of conventional pollutants and emerging pollutants by bio-based flocculants, the interaction between these flocculants and pollutants, their impact on flocculation performance in wastewater treatment, as well as their application cost. Furthermore, it described the common challenges faced by bio-based flocculants in practical applications along with various improvement strategies to address them. With their safety profile, environmental friendliness, efficiency, renewability, and wide availability from diverse sources, bio-based flocculants hold great potential for widespread use in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Zhang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilin He
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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Tang S, Huang S, Chen P, Wu Z, Zhao T. Comprehensive assessment of enhancing dewaterability of dredged sediments by starch-based flocculant. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17547-17556. [PMID: 38828273 PMCID: PMC11140457 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dredged sediment poses significant challenges for transportation and subsequent treatment due to its high water content and large volume. Coagulation, a common method of dewatering, can significantly enhance the dewatering performance of dredged sediment. This study synthesized a cationic starch-based flocculant [starch-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (St-CTA)] through etherification for the flocculation dewatering of dredged sediment. The effectiveness and mechanism of St-CTA as a dewatering flocculant for dredged sediment were investigated. The results demonstrated that when the dosage of St-CTA was 12 mg g-1 TSS (total suspended solids), the dehydration property of dredged sediment substantially improved, with the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) decreasing by 93.3%, the capillary suction time (CST) by 93.5%, and the water content of the filter cake (WC) by 9.7%. The removal rate of turbidity of the supernatant from the conditioned dredged sediment reached 99.6%, accelerating the settling speed and effectively capturing and separating fine particles from the sediment. St-CTA significantly increased the median particle size (D50), altered the microstructure and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the flocs, and increased the fractal dimension of the flocs, making them more compact and conducive to the formation of drainage channels. These findings confirm the feasibility of using potentially environmentally friendly St-CTA as a rapid dewatering conditioning agent for sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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4
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Li Y, Yao S, Dong X, Fan Y, Ma X, Zhu B, Chang M. Preparation of a Lignin-Based Cationic Flocculant and Its Application in Kaolin Suspension Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1131. [PMID: 38675049 PMCID: PMC11054052 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The preparation of an environmentally friendly and efficient flocculant for solid-liquid separation in industrial wastewater is highly important. In this study, a novel cationic flocculant (AL-g-PAMA) was synthesized by a thermal initiation method using alkali lignin (AL) as the main chain and acrylamide (AM) and methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) as the grafted side chains. The structure, thermal stability, and surface morphology of the copolymers were investigated by various characterization methods. The results indicated the successful synthesis of AL-g-PAMA. AL-g-PAMA was applied to improve solid-liquid separation in kaolin suspensions. The results showed that AL-g-PAMA had excellent flocculation-sedimentation and dewatering efficiency. When the dosage of AL-g-PAMA #5 was 600.0 g/t(s), the thickness of the compressed layer was 2.2 cm, the floc settling velocity was 24.1 cm/min, and the transmittance of the supernatant was 84.0%. The moisture content of the filter cake decreased from 55.0% to 43.4% after treatment with AL-g-PAMA #5. The results of zeta potential and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) analysis indicated that bridging and electroneutralization were the main flocculation mechanisms. Therefore, this study extends the potential for using lignin as a bioflocculant and provides a feasible approach to efficiently purify high-turbidity wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Suling Yao
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xianshu Dong
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuping Fan
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Beijing 100160, China
| | - Benkang Zhu
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ming Chang
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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5
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Yuan H, Zhu N. Progress of improving waste activated sludge dewaterability: Influence factors, conditioning technologies and implications and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168605. [PMID: 37989393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of waste activated sludge (WAS) as a by-product generated from the biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of high moisture content (MC), organic pollutants, heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria, it may cause serious environmental ecological risk without appropriate disposal. More than one half of the total operation cost is accounted for sludge disposal in a WWTP. Dewatering is an essential and important step during the sludge treatment and disposal process for it could efficiently reduce its volume, and be beneficial to the subsequent treatment and disposal of sludge. However, sludge should be conditioned before mechanical dewatering because of its high hydrophilicity. In this work, it presented a comprehensive review on sludge dewatering including summarizing the dewaterability measurement indexes, affecting factors, conditioning technologies, the improvement mechanisms. Finally, based on the eventual disposal and low carbon emission target, the implications and perspectives development of sludge conditioning were discussed. Based on the above discussion, there is no unified theoretical insight of the improvement mechanism of sludge dewaterability. In addition, the relationship between the microstructure of organic matters in sludge floc and the dewaterability should be deepened. Especially, how to choose the optimal conditioning technology for sludge dewatering lies in the physical and chemical properties of sludge, however, the carbon emission of the conditioning and dewatering process also needs to be considered. Accordingly, green, low-cost and organic conditioning agents are the direction of future research, and the establishment of automatic operating system and real-time evaluation index system is the key challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yuan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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6
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Basile S, Mathew E, Genta I, Conti B, Dorati R, Lamprou DA. Optimization of FDM 3D printing process parameters to produce haemodialysis curcumin-loaded vascular grafts. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2058-2071. [PMID: 34642844 PMCID: PMC10315350 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
3D printing has provided a new prospective in the manufacturing of personalized medical implants, including fistulas for haemodialysis (HD). In the current study, an optimized fused modelling deposition (FDM) 3D printing method has been validated, for the first time, to obtain cylindrical shaped fistulas. Printing parameters were evaluated for the manufacturing of fistulas using blank and 0.25% curcumin-loaded filaments that were produced by hot melt extrusion (HME). Four different fistula types have been designed and characterized using a variety of physicochemical characterization methods. Each design was printed three times to demonstrate printing process accuracy considering outer and inner diameter, wall thickness, width, and length. A thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) biocompatible elastomer was chosen, showing good mechanical properties with a high elastic modulus and maximum elongation, as well as stability at high temperatures with less than 0.8% of degradation at the range between 25 and 250 °C. Curcumin release profile has been evaluated in a saline buffer, obtaining a low release (12%) and demonstrating drug could continue release for a longer period, and for as long as grafts should remain in patient body. Possibility to produce drug-loaded grafts using one-step method as well as 3D printing process and TPU filaments containing curcumin printability has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Basile
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Essyrose Mathew
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Lekniute-Kyzike E, Bendoraitiene J, Navikaite-Snipaitiene V, Peciulyte L, Rutkaite R. Production of Cationic Starch-Based Flocculants and Their Application in Thickening and Dewatering of the Municipal Sewage Sludge. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2621. [PMID: 37048915 PMCID: PMC10095371 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid-liquid separation processes in wastewater treatment technologies, and bio-based flocculants possess many advantages over conventional synthetic polymers. Potato starch microgranules were chemically modified and mechanically sheared to produce modified starch flocculants. The effectiveness of produced cationic starch (CS) and cross-linked cationic starch (CCS) flocculants in the thickening and dewatering of surplus activated sewage sludge was evaluated and compared with that of synthetic cationic flocculants (SCFs) The flocculation efficiency of SCF, CS, and CCS in sludge thickening was determined by measuring the filtration rate of treated surplus activated sludge. Comparing the optimal dose of SCFs and CCS flocculants needed for thickening, the CCS dose was more than 10 times higher, but a wide flocculation window was determined. The impact of used flocculants on the dewatering performance of surplus activated sludge at optimal dose conditions was investigated by measuring capillary suction time. The filtration efficiencies (dewaterability) of surplus activated sludge using SCF, CS, and CCS were 69, 67, and 72%, respectively. The study results imply that mechanically processed cross-linked cationic starch has a great potential to be used as an alternative green flocculant in surplus activated sludge thickening and dewatering operations in municipal sewage sludge treatment processes.
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8
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Zhou K, Yang Y, Liu B, Tian G, Jiang Z, Bian B. Waste to worth: A new approach to treat wastewater sludge. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Li L, Peng C, Zhan Z, Ma F, Zhang J. A novel treatment for amelioration of sludge dewaterability using green starch-grafted flocculant and realized mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Ultraporous Polyquaternium-Carboxylated Chitosan Composite Hydrogel Spheres with Anticoagulant, Antibacterial, and Rapid Endotoxin Removal Profiles for Sepsis Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3728-3742. [PMID: 35926229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemoperfusion is an important method to remove endotoxins and save the lives of patients with sepsis. However, the current adsorbents for hemoperfusion have disadvantages of insufficient endotoxin adsorption capacity, poor blood compatibility, and so on. Herein, we proposed a novel emulsion templating (ET) method to prepare ultraporous and double-network carboxylated chitosan (CCS)-poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) hydrogel spheres (ET-CCSPD), bearing both negative and positive charges. CCS was introduced to balance the strong positive charges of PDDA to improve hemocompatibility, and emulsion templates endowed the adsorbent with an ultraporous structure for enhanced adsorption efficacy. The ET-CCSPDs neither damaged blood cells nor activated complement responses. In addition, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 8.5 times, which was beneficial for reducing the injection of anticoagulant in patients. The ET-CCSPDs had excellent scavenging performance against bacteria and endotoxin, with removal ratios of 96.7% for E. coli and 99.8% for S. aureus, respectively, and the static removal ratio of endotoxin in plasma was as high as 99.1% (C0 = 5.50 EU/mL, critical illness level). An adsorption cartridge filled with the ET-CCSPDs could remove 84.7% of endotoxin within 1 h (C0 = 100 EU/mL in PBS). Interestingly, the ET-CCSPDs had a good inhibitory effect on the cytokines produced by endotoxin-mediated septic blood. By developing the ET method to prepare ultraporous and double-network adsorbents, the problems of low adsorption efficiency and poor blood compatibility of traditional endotoxin adsorbents have been solved, thus opening a new route to fabricate absorbents for blood purification.
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Yang Y, Yang X, Wang X, Yang Q, Xu W, Li Y. Explore the closed-loop disposal route of surplus sludge: Sludge self-circulation preparation of sludge-based biochar (SBB) to enhance sludge dewaterability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Starch engineered with Moringa oleifera seeds protein crosslinked Fe 3O 4: A synthesis and flocculation studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2006-2020. [PMID: 34752794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to utilize cationic protein extracted from the Moringa oleifera seed in the fabrication of cationic starch crosslinked with magnetic nanoparticles (MagCS). Important synthesis parameters include starch to cationic protein volume ratio, magnetic nanoparticles mass fraction, reaction and crosslinking time, reaction and crosslinking temperature and crosslinker concentration. At optimum synthesis conditions, MagCS yield a 38.55% amide content, 2.46 degree of substitution, 1.1 mmol/g charge density and 78.6% crosslinking, which are much higher compared to other starch derivatives. A series of characterization analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer concluded that MagCS was embedded with amide group, has high crystallinity structure, is thermally stable and shows a promising magnetic characteristic. Based on the synthesis parameters and characterization studies, the synthesis mechanism of MagCS was also postulated. The flocculation performance of MagCS was successfully assessed for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent. At optimum dosage, initial pH and settling time of 1.0 g/L, 9.0 and 15 min, the MagCS flocculant was able to remove 90.48, 83.95 and 58.19% of turbidity, color and chemical oxygen demand, respectively. This study provides an alternative eco-friendly materials in the wastewater treatment application.
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Hu P, Shen S, Zhao D, Wei H, Ge J, Jia F, Zhang X, Yang H. The influence of hydrophobicity on sludge dewatering associated with cationic starch-based flocculants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113218. [PMID: 34246906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation/flocculation is an extensive and effective pretreatment technology for improving the sludge dewaterability. A series of hydrophobically associated cationic starch-based flocculants (CS-DMRs) with different degrees of hydrophobicity but similar charge densities were designed and synthesized. The CS-DMRs exhibited excellent sludge dewatering performance. The dewaterability of sludge increased with the hydrophobicity of the CS-DMRs, and the filter cake moisture content (FCMC) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) could be reduced from 95.47% and 7.09 × 1012 m/kg to 79.26% and 2.258 × 1012 m/kg, respectively, at a constant pressure of 0.05 MPa after conditioned by the starch-based flocculant with the highest hydrophobicity at its optimal dose. Moreover, due to their amphiphilic structures, CS-DMRs could closely interact with the negatively charged extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), efficiently compress the protein and polysaccharide in EPS, and release the bound water. A second-order polynomial model was proposed according to the phenomenological theory to quantitatively analyze the effect of hydrophobicity in these starch-based flocculants on the sludge dewaterability. The structure-activity relationship was built, and the optimal dose and corresponding FCMC could be theoretically estimated accordingly. The results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The dewatering mechanisms were also discussed in detail on the basis of the changes in the FCMC, SRF, capillary suction time, properties of sludge flocs, compression coefficient, microstructures of sludge cakes, EPS fractions and components, and spatial distributions of the proteins and polysaccharides. In addition to charge neutralization, the hydrophobic association effects of CS-DMRs played an important role in the formation of drainage channels and net-like porous structures in the sludge cake to improve its permeability and filterability. This study thus provided a good understanding of the structural effects of the starch-based flocculants on the sludge dewaterability. The results are greatly beneficial to the fabrication and utilization of environment-friendly and high-performance natural polymeric conditioners for sludge treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shaohang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Donghua Zhao
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., LTD., Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Hua Wei
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., LTD., Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Jun Ge
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., LTD., Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Feiyue Jia
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., LTD., Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., LTD., Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China.
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14
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Multifunctional polymer bearing malonylurea groups for the fabrication of coordination complexes and supramolecular assemblies. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Hu P, Shen S, Yang H. Evaluation of hydrophobically associating cationic starch-based flocculants in sludge dewatering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11819. [PMID: 34083668 PMCID: PMC8175719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of binary graft cationic starch-based flocculants (CS-DMCs and CS-DMLs) with different hydrophilicity and charge density (CD) were prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylamide with 2-(Methacryloyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride and methacrylic acid 2-(benzyldimethylaminio) ethyl chloride, respectively, on the starch (St) backbone. The sludge dewatering performance of CS-DMCs and CS-DMLs were evaluated and compared based on the changes in filter cake moisture content (FCMC), specific resistance of filtration (SRF), fractions and components of extracellular polymeric substances, and various physiochemical characteristics of sludge flocs and cakes. Increase in CD of the St-based flocculants caused improved sludge dewaterability. Under the similar CD, CS-DML with relatively high hydrophobicity exhibited lower FCMC and SRF, larger and denser sludge flocs, and better permeability of sludge cakes than CS-DMCs due to the synergistic effects of charge neutralization, bridging flocculation and hydrophobic association. Furthermore, a second-order polynomial model on the basis of phenomenological theory was successfully applied to quantitatively evaluate the influences of the two important structural factors of these St-based flocculants, i.e., hydrophobicity and CD, on the sludge dewaterability. The structure-activity relationship of the St-based flocculants in sludge dewatering was obtained according to the theoretic simulation. The dewatering mechanisms was discussed in depth on the basis of the experimental and simulated results; besides, the FCMC and optimal dose can be predicted by the established structure-activity relationship. This current work offered a novel and valuable way to exploit and design of low-cost and high-performance graft natural polymeric flocculants applied in efficient conditioning of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohang Shen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Yang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 People’s Republic of China
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Hu P, Zhuang S, Shen S, Yang Y, Yang H. Dewaterability of sewage sludge conditioned with a graft cationic starch-based flocculant: Role of structural characteristics of flocculant. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116578. [PMID: 33160239 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation/flocculation is one of the most extensive and cost-effective pretreatments to improve the dewaterability of sludge in water treatment plants. In this study, three series of graft cationic starch (St)-based flocculants with distinct structural characteristics including charge density (CD), graft-chain length (L), and graft-chain distribution (N) were synthesized by graft copolymerization of [(2-methacryloyloxy-ethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride] and acrylamide onto St backbone. The structural effects of these St-based flocculants on the sludge dewaterability have been quantitatively analyzed by using a second-order polynomial model according to phenomenological theory. The predicted dewatering performance and optimal dose were fully consistent with the experimental results. On the basis of this established model, the dewatering mechanisms were discussed in detail by combination of the analysis of the changes in filter cake moisture content, specific resistance of filtration, bound water content, compression coefficient, extracellular polymeric substances fractions and components, spatial distributions of proteins and polysaccharides, microstructures of sludge cake, and flocs properties in the dewatering process. This graft St-based flocculant, with the structural characteristics of high CD, long L, and low N, exhibited superior sludge dewaterability because of the enhanced charge neutralization and bridging flocculation effects. Among these three structural factors, CD played a more important role in improvement of sludge dewaterability than L and N due to the dominant effect of charge neutralization. This study provided a better understanding of structure-activity relationship of these grafting modified flocculants, which was of significant guidance for the exploit and design of novel and efficient flocculants for improvement of sludge dewaterability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuhan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shaohang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Wu B, Dai X, Chai X. Critical review on dewatering of sewage sludge: Influential mechanism, conditioning technologies and implications to sludge re-utilizations. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 180:115912. [PMID: 32422413 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (mainly composed of excessive bio-sludge) is an inevitable by-product of biological wastewater treatment process and contains various toxic substances, such as pathogens, heavy metals, and organic contaminants. The production of sewage sludge may cause serious pollution risks without appropriate disposals. As the essential step of sludge treatment, dewatering plays significant roles in minimizing the sludge volume, facilitating the transportation, increasing the calorific value and even reducing the leachate production in landfill sites. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the issues related to dewatering of sewage sludge. Section 1 starts with the environmental implications of sludge dewatering. Section 2 deals with the concepts and challenges about differentiation of bound water fractions, and also reviews the recent progress of in-situ visualization of water occurrence states in bio-flocs. Section 3 discusses about how various physiochemical properties influence the sludge dewaterability, and the insufficiency in in-situ micro-characterization of sludge constituents is pointed out. Section 4 reviews the existing conditioning technologies for sludge dewaterability improvement, and the advantages/disadvantages of each technology in terms of applicable occasions, material consumption, energy consumption and environmental impacts are evaluated. The last section (section 5) specifically analyzes the feasibility of integrating sludge dewatering and re-utilization, and raises attention to the potential environmental risks of dewatering conditioning. Based on the above discussion, we propose that a unified theory for sludge dewaterability improvement remains to be established. Especially, how the molecular structures of sludge compositions affect the solid-water interface behavior requires to be deepened, which will further unravel the mechanism behind strong water-holding capacities of bio-flocs. Additionally, we believe that the key challenges for sludge dewatering is how to select the appropriate conditioning technique according to the physiochemical properties of target sludge. The reliable indicators for real-time control of conditioning operations are still deficient, e.g., dynamic dosage control of conditioning chemicals. Accordingly, the potential environmental risks of excessive conditioning chemicals should be taken into more consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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18
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Niu T, Wang X, Wu C, Sun D, Zhang X, Chen Z, Fang L. Chemical Modification of Cotton Fabrics by a Bifunctional Cationic Polymer for Salt-Free Reactive Dyeing. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15409-15416. [PMID: 32637815 PMCID: PMC7331042 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cotton modification exhibited great potential in the fabric dyeing industry. A bifunctional cationic polymer with a moderate cationic degree and low molecular weight was achieved via free radical polymerization between dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether. Then, it was further utilized for the modification of cotton fabrics. The formation of the cationic polymer was identified using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The structure and properties of both treated and untreated cotton were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The modified cotton fabrics could be salt-free dyed with reactive dyes at low temperatures. While obtaining satisfactory color fastness and leveling properties, the dyeability of the modified cotton was improved significantly compared with the conventional dyeing of native cotton. Besides, the prepared cationic polymer has good flocculating properties to avoid secondary pollution, suggesting high potential for achieving an economical and eco-friendly dyeing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjie Niu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chaohui Wu
- Shandong
Chonglong Clothing Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Deshuai Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Long Fang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266071, China
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19
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Liu Y, Zheng H, An Y, Ren J, Zheng X, Zhao C, Zhang S. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of the β-cyclodextrin based cationic polymeric flocculants and evaluation of flocculation performance: Role of β-cyclodextrin. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Zhang W, Wang X, Xu Q, Peng J, Lou T. Synthesis of lignosulfonate‐acrylamide‐dimethyldiallylammonium chloride copolymer and its flocculation performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Tao Lou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
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21
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Guo Z, Ma L, Dai Q, Yang J, Ao R, Wang L. Dewatering performance of sewage sludge under pretreatment with modified corn-core powder. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:402-412. [PMID: 31154213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The water retained inside the sludge flocs is the bottleneck for the dehydration of sewage sludge, which hindered the following treatment. In this study, corn core powder was modified (MCCP) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) to break the structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and cell membrane for enhancing the dewaterability of sewage sludge. The dewatering performance, the properties of the treated sludge, the composition and distribution of EPS were investigated to discuss the dewatering mechanism of sludge. Adding 20% DS (mass of dry solids in sludge) of MCCP reduced the moisture content (MC) and the specific resistance of filtration (SRF) of the sludge by 40% and 55%, respectively. Then, correlation analyses were performed between dewatering indices of sludge and sludge properties. A multiple linear regression model was established which indicated the relationship between MC and the key factors reflecting sludge dewaterability, demonstrating that larger particle size of sludge flocs and more total dissolved solids in filtrate may be propitious to reduce content of bound water in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Quxiu Dai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ran Ao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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Abstract
The substitution of petroleum-based synthetic polymers in latex formulations with sustainable and/or bio-based sources has increasingly been a focus of both academic and industrial research. Emulsion polymerization already provides a more sustainable way to produce polymers for coatings and adhesives, because it is a water-based process. It can be made even more attractive as a green alternative with the addition of starch, a renewable material that has proven to be extremely useful as a filler, stabilizer, property modifier and macromer. This work provides a critical review of attempts to modify and incorporate various types of starch in emulsion polymerizations. This review focusses on the method of initiation, grafting mechanisms, starch feeding strategies and the characterization methods. It provides a needed guide for those looking to modify starch in an emulsion polymerization to achieve a target grafting performance or to incorporate starch in latex formulations for the replacement of synthetic polymers.
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23
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Flocculation of a High-Turbidity Kaolin Suspension Using Hydrophobic Modified Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polyacrylamide. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel cationic polyacrylamide (PAMD) was synthesized by acrylamide (AM) diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMD) and dodecyl polyglucoside (DPL) under low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) initiation. The intrinsic viscosity and cationic degree of PAMD were optimized in copolymerization. The optimum synthesis conditions that affect polymerization were determined to be solid content 30%, DPL content 25%, DMD content 30%, illumination time 135 min, and pH 9. The flocculation performance of flocculant PAMD with a high cationic degree was investigated in the purification of high-turbidity water. The flocculation mechanism was correspondingly studied and summarized based on Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis. Finally, the results of an experimental simulation using the response surface method show that 98.9% supernatant transmittance was achieved under dosage 4 mg/L, fast stirring time 20 min, pH 7, and stirring speed 320 rpm.
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24
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Zhou L, Zhou H, Yang X. Preparation and performance of a novel starch-based inorganic/organic composite coagulant for textile wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Evaluation a self-assembled anionic polyacrylamide flocculant for the treatment of hematite wastewater: Role of microblock structure. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Characterization and sludge dewatering performance evaluation of the photo-initiated cationic flocculant PDD. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Wei H, Gao B, Ren J, Li A, Yang H. Coagulation/flocculation in dewatering of sludge: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:608-631. [PMID: 30031298 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sludge disposal is an integral part of wastewater treatment systems, and its cost usually accounts for more than half of the total operation cost. Sludge disposal technology is facing challenges and opportunities simultaneously and can still be improved. Sludge dewatering is an essential process in sludge disposal, and it is important for the effective reduction of the final processing cost. Coagulation/flocculation is a relatively mature, cost-effective, user-friendly sludge dewatering technology. In this work, coagulation/flocculation and their combinations with other pretreatments, including dewatering mechanisms, are reviewed. Various coagulants/flocculants used in sludge dewatering, including inorganic coagulants, organic synthetic and natural polymeric flocculants, and bioflocculants, are introduced in detail because coagulants/flocculants are the key in coagulation/flocculation. The different factors that influence the dewatering performance of these coagulants/flocculants are also presented briefly. Moreover, aiming at the complicated composition of sludge and its treatment difficulty, the prospects and technical developments of coagulation/flocculation in sludge dewatering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Boqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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28
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Optimization of preparing a high yield and high cationic degree starch graft copolymer as environmentally friendly flocculant: Through response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1431-1437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Wilts EM, Herzberger J, Long TE. Addressing water scarcity: cationic polyelectrolytes in water treatment and purification. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Wilts
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg USA
| | - Jana Herzberger
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg USA
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30
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Haroon M, Wang L, Yu H, Ullah RS, Zain-ul-Abdin, Khan RU, Chen Q, Liu J. Synthesis of carboxymethyl starch-g-polyvinylpyrolidones and their properties for the adsorption of Rhodamine 6G and ammonia. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 186:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Characterization and secondary sludge dewatering performance of a novel combined aluminum-ferrous-starch flocculant (CAFS). Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Wang S, Xu J, Wang Q, Fan X, Yu Y, Wang P, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Cavaco-Paulo A. Preparation and rheological properties of starch- g -poly(butyl acrylate) catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Meimoun J, Wiatz V, Saint-Loup R, Parcq J, Favrelle A, Bonnet F, Zinck P. Modification of starch by graft copolymerization. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Meimoun
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Lille France
- Institut Français des Matériaux Agro-Sourcés; Villeneuve-d'Ascq France
| | | | | | | | - Audrey Favrelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Lille France
| | - Fanny Bonnet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Lille France
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Lille France
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34
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Guo B, Yu H, Gao B, Zhang S, Yue Q, Xu X. Novel cationic polyamidine: Synthesis, characterization, and sludge dewatering performance. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 51:305-314. [PMID: 28115142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new and facile route was employed for synthesis of polyamidine with abundant cations and attractive five-membered ringlike structural unit. N-vinylformamide and acrylonitrile copolymerized firstly to form intermediates, and the intermediates were processed with hydrochloric acid to produce polyamidine. A series of polymerization conditions (e.g. polymerization time, temperature and dosage of initiator) were optimized through productivity, viscosity and cationic degree as evaluation. SEM analysis illustrated that the amidinization process could reduce the size of spaces between molecular and created compact structure, which would contribute to good flocculation performance and high viscosity. FT-IR, XPS and NMR spectra presented a rather clear structure of polyamidine. 34.3% of sludge was sedimentated through the flocculation of polyamidine in the early stages. In contrast, only 6.8% of sludge was sedimentated by polyacrylamide. The moisture content in dehydrated floc could be reduced to 77.7% when 60mg/L polyamidine was added. These results demonstrated that the polyamidine showed a great potential in the practical application of sludge dewatering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Huan Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Metrology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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35
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Feng L, Zheng H, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xu B. Ultrasonic-template technology inducing and regulating cationic microblocks in CPAM: characterization, mechanism and sludge flocculation performance. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03784h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ultrasonic-template polymerization technique (UTPT) was used to generate and regulate the distribution of cationic microblocks in a polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Bincheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
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Wang D, Zhao T, Yan L, Mi Z, Gu Q, Zhang Y. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of dewatering properties of chitosan-grafting DMDAAC flocculants. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:761-768. [PMID: 27471087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Flocculation is one of the most widely applied techniques for water treatment and sludge dewatering. A fresh environmentally friendly and powerful flocculant is highly eager in the sludge dewatering area. In this work, a highly efficient cationic flocculant, chitosan-g-PDMDAAC was synthesized through grafting a monomer, dimethy ldiallyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC), onto chitosan initiated by ceric sulfate under ultrasonic-assisted and conventional heating condition. The graft copolymer was characterized using FT-IR, XRD and SEM. Further, the dewatering performance of municipal activated sludge was evaluated by the filter cake moisture content and specific resistance in filtration. Its application as a flocculant for wastewater treatment was investigated. The prepared chitosan-g-PDMDAAC showed a highly effective flocculation capability for activated sludge compared with chitosan, polyacrylamide(PAM), cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Liuqing Yan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhiming Mi
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Qiang Gu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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37
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Wu Y, Zhang P, Zhang H, Zeng G, Liu J, Ye J, Fang W, Gou X. Possibility of sludge conditioning and dewatering with rice husk biochar modified by ferric chloride. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 205:258-263. [PMID: 26803742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice husk biochar modified by FeCl3 (MRB-Fe) was used to enhance sludge dewaterability in this study. MRB-Fe preparation conditions and dosage were optimized. Mechanisms of MRB-Fe improving sludge dewaterability were investigated. The optimal modification conditions were: FeCl3 concentration, 3mol/L; ultrasound time, 1h. The optimal MRB-Fe dosage was 60% DS. Compared with raw sludge, the sludge specific resistance to filtration (SRF) decreased by 97.9%, the moisture content of sludge cake decreased from 96.7% to 77.9% for 6min dewatering through vacuum filtration under 0.03MPa, the SV30% decreased from 96% to 60%, and the net sludge solids yield (YN) increased by 28 times. Positive charge from iron species on MRB-Fe surface counteracted negative charge of sludge flocs to promote sludge settleability and dewaterability. Meanwhile, MRB-Fe kept a certain skeleton structure in sludge cake, making the moisture pass through easily. Using MRB-Fe, therefore, for sludge conditioning and dewatering is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wei Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiying Gou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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38
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Dao VH, Cameron NR, Saito K. Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments on the synthesis and flocculation efficiency of several non-ionic, cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers are presented and summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu H. Dao
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- School of Engineering
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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Wang S, Wang Q, Fan X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Jin H, Cavaco-Paulo A. Synthesis and characterization of starch-poly(methyl acrylate) graft copolymers using horseradish peroxidase. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:1010-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Haroon M, Wang L, Yu H, Abbasi NM, Zain-ul-Abdin ZUA, Saleem M, Khan RU, Ullah RS, Chen Q, Wu J. Chemical modification of starch and its application as an adsorbent material. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is a biopolymer of plant origin which is cheap, abundant and has many applications in food and non-food industries.
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41
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Qi L, Cheng JH, Liang XY, Hu YY. Synthesis and characterization of a novel terpolymer and the effect of its amphoteric property on the sludge flocculation. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jian-Hua Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yong-You Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering; College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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Alves Filho EG, Alexandre e Silva LM, Ferreira AG. Advancements in waste water characterization through NMR spectroscopy: review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:648-657. [PMID: 25280056 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous organic pollutants that lead to several types of ecosystem damage and threaten human health. Wastewater treatment plants are responsible for the removal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants from the sewage, and because of this function, they play an important role in the protection of human health and the environment. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be a valuable analytical tool as a result of its versatility in characterizing both overall chemical composition as well as individual species in a wide range of mixtures. In addition, NMR can provide physical information (rigidity, dynamics, etc.) as well as permit in depth quantification. Hyphenation with other techniques such as liquid chromatography, solid phase extraction and mass spectrometry creates unprecedented capabilities for the identification of novel and unknown chemical species. Thus, NMR is widely used in the study of different components of wastewater, such as complex organic matter (fulvic and humic acids), sludge and wastewater. This review article summarizes the NMR spectroscopy methods applied in studies of organic pollutants from wastewater to provide an exhaustive review of the literature as well as a guide for readers interested in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenilson G Alves Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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43
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Liu R, Dong A, Fan X, Wang Q, Yu Y, Cavaco-Paulo A. HRP-mediated polyacrylamide graft modification of raw jute fabric. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Liao Y, Zheng H, Qian L, Sun Y, Dai L, Xue W. UV-Initiated Polymerization of Hydrophobically Associating Cationic Polyacrylamide Modified by a Surface-Active Monomer: A Comparative Study of Synthesis, Characterization, and Sludge Dewatering Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5016987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
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