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Chen W, Chen J, Xu Y, Gong H, Shi S, Wang S, Wang H. Applications of the Yariv reagent in polysaccharide analysis and plant physiology from theory to practice. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121781. [PMID: 38286551 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan (AG), a biologically active substance found abundantly in plants, is of significant interest in plant physiology due to its unique physicochemical properties. Yariv reagent, widely utilized in AG-II related applications, forms insoluble precipitates when bound to AG-II. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and various dissociation methods of the Yariv reagent to enhance its utility in AG-II studies. Furthermore, the review explores the binding mechanisms and applications of the Yariv reagent, highlighting the advancements in studying the Yariv-AG complex in plant physiology. The aim of this review is to inspire new research ideas and foster novel applications of the Yariv reagent from synthesis to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongbin Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huan Gong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Pfeifer L, Mueller KK, Utermöhlen J, Erdt F, Zehge JBJ, Schubert H, Classen B. The cell walls of different Chara species are characterized by branched galactans rich in 3-O-methylgalactose and absence of AGPs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13989. [PMID: 37616003 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Streptophyte algae are the closest relatives to land plants; their latest common ancestor performed the most drastic adaptation in plant evolution around 500 million years ago: the conquest of land. Besides other adaptations, this step required changes in cell wall composition. Current knowledge on the cell walls of streptophyte algae and especially on the presence of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), important signalling molecules in all land plants, is limited. To get deeper insights into the cell walls of streptophyte algae, especially in Charophyceae, we performed sequential cell wall extractions of four Chara species. The three species Chara globularis, Chara subspinosa and Chara tomentosa revealed comparable cell wall compositions, with pectins, xylans and xyloglucans, whereas Chara aspera stood out with higher amounts of uronic acids in the pectic fractions and lack of reactivity with antibodies binding to xylan- and xyloglucan epitopes. Search for AGPs in the four Chara species and in Nitellopsis obtusa revealed the presence of galactans with pyranosidic galactose in 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,3,6-linkage, which are typical galactan motifs in land plant AGPs. A unique feature of these branched galactans was high portions of 3-O-methylgalactose. Only Nitellopsis contained substantial amounts of arabinose A bioinformatic search for prolyl-4-hydroxylases, involved in the biosynthesis of AGPs, revealed one possible functional sequence in the genome of Chara braunii, but no hydroxyproline could be detected in the four Chara species or in Nitellopsis obtusa. We conclude that AGPs that is typical for land plants are absent, at least in these members of the Charophyceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jon Utermöhlen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felicitas Erdt
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jean Bastian Just Zehge
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schubert
- Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Li LX, Chen MS, Zhang ZY, Paulsen BS, Rise F, Huang C, Feng B, Chen XF, Jia RY, Ding CB, Feng SL, Li YP, Chen YL, Huang Z, Zhao XH, Yin ZQ, Zou YF. Structural features and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937581. [PMID: 36091763 PMCID: PMC9449496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three acidic polysaccharides from different plant parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. Modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen were obtained by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, and the yields of these three polysaccharides were different. According to the preliminary experimental results, the antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from rhizomes and fibrous roots (CLFP-1) were poor, and was thus not studied further. Due to this the structural features of polysaccharides from roots (CLRP-1) and aerial parts (CLSP-1) were the object for this study and were structurally characterized, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. As revealed by the results, the molecular weight of CLRP-1and CLSP-1 were 15.9 kDa and 26.4 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of CLRP-1 was Ara, Rha, Fuc, Xyl, Man, Gal, GlcA, GalA in a ratio of 3.8: 8.4: 1.0: 0.8: 2.4: 7.4: 7.5: 2.0: 66.7, and Ara, Rha, Gal, GalA in a ratio of 5.8: 8.9: 8.0: 77.0 in for CLSP-1. The results of structural elucidation indicated that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 were pectic polysaccharides, mainly composed of 1, 4-linked galacturonic acid with long homogalacturonan regions. Arabinogalactan type I and arabinogalactan type II were presented as side chains. The antioxidant assay in IPEC-J2 cells showed that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 promoted cell viability and antioxidant activity, which significantly increase the level of total antioxidant capacity and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decrease the content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 also showed powerful antioxidant abilities in Caenorhabditis elegans and might regulate the nuclear localization of DAF-16 transcription factor, induced antioxidant enzymes activities, and further reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents to increase the antioxidant ability of Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, these finding suggest that CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 could be used as potential antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Si Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Bang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Shi-Ling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecology Restoration and Conservation on Forestry and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Long Chen, ; Yuan-Feng Zou,
| | - Zhen Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecology Restoration and Conservation on Forestry and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Long Chen, ; Yuan-Feng Zou,
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Pfeifer L, Mueller KK, Classen B. The cell wall of hornworts and liverworts: innovations in early land plant evolution? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4454-4472. [PMID: 35470398 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important step for plant diversification was the transition from freshwater to terrestrial habitats. The bryophytes and all vascular plants share a common ancestor that was probably the first to adapt to life on land. A polysaccharide-rich cell wall was necessary to cope with newly faced environmental conditions. Therefore, some pre-requisites for terrestrial life have to be shared in the lineages of modern bryophytes and vascular plants. This review focuses on hornwort and liverwort cell walls and aims to provide an overview on shared and divergent polysaccharide features between these two groups of bryophytes and vascular plants. Analytical, immunocytochemical, and bioinformatic data were analysed. The major classes of polysaccharides-cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins-seem to be present but have diversified structurally during evolution. Some polysaccharide groups show structural characteristics which separate hornworts from the other bryophytes or are too poorly studied in detail to be able to draw absolute conclusions. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein backbones are found in hornworts and liverworts, and show differences in, for example, the occurrence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored arabinogalactan-proteins, while glycosylation is practically unstudied. Overall, the data are an appeal to researchers in the field to gain more knowledge on cell wall structures in order to understand the changes with regard to bryophyte evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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Pfeifer L, Utermöhlen J, Happ K, Permann C, Holzinger A, von Schwartzenberg K, Classen B. Search for evolutionary roots of land plant arabinogalactan-proteins in charophytes: presence of a rhamnogalactan-protein in Spirogyra pratensis (Zygnematophyceae). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:568-584. [PMID: 34767672 PMCID: PMC7612518 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Charophyte green algae (CGA) are assigned to be the closest relatives of land plants and therefore enlighten processes in the colonization of terrestrial habitats. For the transition from water to land, plants needed significant physiological and structural changes, as well as with regard to cell wall composition. Sequential extraction of cell walls of Nitellopsis obtusa (Charophyceae) and Spirogyra pratensis (Zygnematophyceae) offered a comparative overview on cell wall composition of late branching CGA. Because arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are considered common for all land plant cell walls, we were interested in whether these special glycoproteins are present in CGA. Therefore, we investigated both species with regard to characteristic features of AGPs. In the cell wall of Nitellopsis, no hydroxyproline was present and no AGP was precipitable with the β-glucosyl Yariv's reagent (βGlcY). By contrast, βGlcY precipitation of the water-soluble cell wall fraction of Spirogyra yielded a glycoprotein fraction rich in hydroxyproline, indicating the presence of AGPs. Putative AGPs in the cell walls of non-conjugating Spirogyra filaments, especially in the area of transverse walls, were detected by staining with βGlcY. Labelling increased strongly in generative growth stages, especially during zygospore development. Investigations of the fine structure of the glycan part of βGlcY-precipitated molecules revealed that the galactan backbone resembled that of AGPs with 1,3- 1,6- and 1,3,6-linked Galp moieties. Araf was present only in small amounts and the terminating sugars consisted predominantly of pyranosidic terminal and 1,3-linked rhamnose residues. We introduce the term 'rhamnogalactan-protein' for this special AGP-modification present in S. pratensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Jon Utermöhlen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Kathrin Happ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Charlotte Permann
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Classen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
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Hoshing R, Leeber BW, Kuhn H, Caianiello D, Dale B, Saladino M, Lusi R, Palaychuk N, Weingarten S, Basu A. The Chirality of Aggregated Yariv Reagents Correlates with Their AGP-Binding Ability*. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100532. [PMID: 34618387 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Yariv reagents are glycosylated triphenylazo dyes that bind to arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), proteoglycans found in plant cell walls that are integral for plant growth and development. Yariv reagents are widely utilized as imaging, purification, and quantification tools for AGPs and represent the only small molecule probe for interrogating AGP function. The ability of Yariv reagents to bind to AGPs is dependent on the structure of the terminal glycoside on the dye. The reason for this selectivity has not been understood until the present work. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we show that the Yariv reagents form supramolecular aggregates with helical chirality. More significantly, the ability of the Yariv reagent to bind AGPs is correlated with this helical chirality. This finding paves the way towards developing a more detailed understanding of the nature of the Yariv-AGP complex, and the design of AGP-binding reagents with higher affinities and selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraj Hoshing
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Blaise W Leeber
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Helene Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - David Caianiello
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Brandon Dale
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michael Saladino
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Robert Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Natalie Palaychuk
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sarah Weingarten
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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7
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Přerovská T, Pavlů A, Hancharyk D, Rodionova A, Vavříková A, Spiwok V. Structural Basis of the Function of Yariv Reagent-An Important Tool to Study Arabinogalactan Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:682858. [PMID: 34179088 PMCID: PMC8230119 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.682858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins are very abundant, heavily glycosylated plant cell wall proteins. They are intensively studied because of their crucial role in plant development as well as their function in plant defence. Research of these biomacromolecules is complicated by the lack of tools for their analysis and characterisation due to their extreme heterogeneity. One of the few available tools for detection, isolation, characterisation, and functional studies of arabinogalactan proteins is Yariv reagents. Yariv reagent is a synthetic aromatic glycoconjugate originally prepared as an antigen for immunization. Later, it was found that this compound can precipitate arabinogalactan proteins, namely, their ß-D-(1→3)-galactan structures. Even though this compound has been intensively used for decades, the structural basis of arabinogalactan protein precipitation by Yariv is not known. Multiple biophysical studies have been published, but none of them attempted to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the Yariv-galactan complex. Here we use a series of molecular dynamics simulations of systems containing one or multiple molecules of ß-D-galactosyl Yariv reagent with or without oligo ß-D-(1→3)-galactan to predict the structure of the complex. According to our model of Yariv-galactan complexes, Yariv reagent forms stacked oligomers stabilized by π-π and CH/π interactions. These oligomers may contain irregularities. Galactan structures crosslink these Yariv oligomers. The results were compared with studies in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Přerovská
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Pavlů
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dzianis Hancharyk
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Rodionova
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Vavříková
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Yao H, Scornet D, Jam M, Hervé C, Potin P, Oliveira Correia L, Coelho SM, Cock JM. Biochemical characteristics of a diffusible factor that induces gametophyte to sporophyte switching in the brown alga Ectocarpus. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:742-753. [PMID: 33432598 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The haploid-diploid life cycle of the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus involves alternation between two independent and morphologically distinct multicellular generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Deployment of the sporophyte developmental program requires two TALE homeodomain transcription factors OUROBOROS and SAMSARA. In addition, the sporophyte generation has been shown to secrete a diffusible factor that can induce uni-spores to switch from the gametophyte to the sporophyte developmental program. Here, we determine optimal conditions for production, storage, and detection of this diffusible factor and show that it is a heat-resistant, high molecular weight molecule. Based on a combined approach involving proteomic analysis of sporophyte-conditioned medium and the use of biochemical tools to characterize arabinogalactan proteins, we present evidence that sporophyte-conditioned medium contains AGP epitopes and suggest that the diffusible factor may belong to this family of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Yao
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Scornet
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
- Marine Glycobiology, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
- Marine Glycobiology, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
- Algal Biology and Environmental Interactions, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Oliveira Correia
- PAPPSO, INRA, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - J Mark Cock
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
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9
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Narciso JO, Zeng W, Ford K, Lampugnani ER, Humphries J, Austarheim I, van de Meene A, Bacic A, Doblin MS. Biochemical and Functional Characterization of GALT8, an Arabidopsis GT31 β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase That Influences Seedling Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678564. [PMID: 34113372 PMCID: PMC8186459 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are members of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily, a group of highly diverse proteoglycans that are present in the cell wall, plasma membrane as well as secretions of almost all plants, with important roles in many developmental processes. The role of GALT8 (At1g22015), a Glycosyltransferase-31 (GT31) family member of the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme database (CAZy), was examined by biochemical characterization and phenotypic analysis of a galt8 mutant line. To characterize its catalytic function, GALT8 was heterologously expressed in tobacco leaves and its enzymatic activity tested. GALT8 was shown to be a β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (GalT) that catalyzes the synthesis of a β-(1,3)-galactan, similar to the in vitro activity of KNS4/UPEX1 (At1g33430), a homologous GT31 member previously shown to have this activity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed the products were of 2-6 degree of polymerisation (DP). Previous reporter studies showed that GALT8 is expressed in the central and synergid cells, from whence the micropylar endosperm originates after the fertilization of the central cell of the ovule. Homozygous mutants have multiple seedling phenotypes including significantly shorter hypocotyls and smaller leaf area compared to wild type (WT) that are attributable to defects in female gametophyte and/or endosperm development. KNS4/UPEX1 was shown to partially complement the galt8 mutant phenotypes in genetic complementation assays suggesting a similar but not identical role compared to GALT8 in β-(1,3)-galactan biosynthesis. Taken together, these data add further evidence of the important roles GT31 β-(1,3)-GalTs play in elaborating type II AGs that decorate AGPs and pectins, thereby imparting functional consequences on plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Oñate Narciso
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Zeng
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kris Ford
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin R. Lampugnani
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Humphries
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingvild Austarheim
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison van de Meene
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Přerovská T, Henke S, Bleha R, Spiwok V, Gillarová S, Yvin JC, Ferrières V, Nguema-Ona E, Lipovová P. Arabinogalactan-like Glycoproteins from Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) Show Unique Features Compared to Land Plants AGPs. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:619-635. [PMID: 33338254 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) encompass a diverse group of plant cell wall proteoglycans, which play an essential role in plant development, signaling, plant-microbe interactions, and many others. Although they are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and extensively studied, they remain largely unexplored in the lower plants, especially in seaweeds. Ulva species have high economic potential since various applications were previously described including bioremediation, biofuel production, and as a source of bioactive compounds. This article presents the first experimental confirmation of AGP-like glycoproteins in Ulva species and provides a simple extraction protocol of Ulva lactuca AGP-like glycoproteins, their partial characterization and unique comparison to scarcely described Solanum lycopersicum AGPs. The reactivity with primary anti-AGP antibodies as well as Yariv reagent showed a great variety between Ulva lactuca and Solanum lycopersicum AGP-like glycoproteins. While the amino acid analysis of the AGP-like glycoproteins purified by the β-d-glucosyl Yariv reagent showed a similarity between algal and land plant AGP-like glycoproteins, neutral saccharide analysis revealed unique glycosylation of the Ulva lactuca AGP-like glycoproteins. Surprisingly, arabinose and galactose were not the most prevalent monosaccharides and the most outstanding was the presence of 3-O-methyl-hexose, which has never been described in the AGPs. The exceptional structure of the Ulva lactuca AGP-like glycoproteins implies a specialized adaptation to the marine environment and might bring new insight into the evolution of the plant cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Přerovská
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 16625, Czech Republic
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Svatopluk Henke
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cerials, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 16625, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Bleha
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cerials, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 16625, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 16625, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Gillarová
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cerials, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 16625, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation Roullier, Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétal, 18 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, Saint-Malo, 35400, France
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Nguema-Ona
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation Roullier, Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétal, 18 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, Saint-Malo, 35400, France
| | - Petra Lipovová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 16625, Czech Republic
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11
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Strasser R, Seifert G, Doblin MS, Johnson KL, Ruprecht C, Pfrengle F, Bacic A, Estevez JM. Cracking the "Sugar Code": A Snapshot of N- and O-Glycosylation Pathways and Functions in Plants Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640919. [PMID: 33679857 PMCID: PMC7933510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental co-translational and/or post-translational modification process where an attachment of sugars onto either proteins or lipids can alter their biological function, subcellular location and modulate the development and physiology of an organism. Glycosylation is not a template driven process and as such produces a vastly larger array of glycan structures through combinatorial use of enzymes and of repeated common scaffolds and as a consequence it provides a huge expansion of both the proteome and lipidome. While the essential role of N- and O-glycan modifications on mammalian glycoproteins is already well documented, we are just starting to decode their biological functions in plants. Although significant advances have been made in plant glycobiology in the last decades, there are still key challenges impeding progress in the field and, as such, holistic modern high throughput approaches may help to address these conceptual gaps. In this snapshot, we present an update of the most common O- and N-glycan structures present on plant glycoproteins as well as (1) the plant glycosyltransferases (GTs) and glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) responsible for their biosynthesis; (2) a summary of microorganism-derived GHs characterized to cleave specific glycosidic linkages; (3) a summary of the available tools ranging from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), lectins to chemical probes for the detection of specific sugar moieties within these complex macromolecules; (4) selected examples of N- and O-glycoproteins as well as in their related GTs to illustrate the complexity on their mode of action in plant cell growth and stress responses processes, and finally (5) we present the carbohydrate microarray approach that could revolutionize the way in which unknown plant GTs and GHs are identified and their specificities characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kim L. Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - José M. Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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12
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Zou YF, Chen M, Fu YP, Zhu ZK, Zhang YY, Paulsen BS, Rise F, Chen YL, Yang YZ, Jia RY, Li LX, Song X, Tang HQ, Feng B, Lv C, Ye G, Wu DT, Yin ZQ, Huang C. Characterization of an antioxidant pectic polysaccharide from Platycodon grandiflorus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:473-480. [PMID: 33571586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Platycodonis Radix is widely used as homology of medicine and food in China; polysaccharides are thought to be one of its functional constituents. In this study, a pectic polysaccharide, PGP-I-I, was obtained from the root of the traditional medicine plant Platycodon grandiflorus through ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. This was characterized being mainly composed of 1,5-α-L-arabinan and both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and II chains linked to rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) backbone linked to longer galacturonan chains. In vitro bioactivity study showed that PGP-I-I could restore the intestinal cellular antioxidant defense under the condition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment through promoting the expressions of cellular antioxidant genes and protect against oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Mengsi Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Area Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhong-Kai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yan-Yun Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Area Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China.
| | - Yong-Zhi Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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13
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Hoshing R, Saladino M, Kuhn H, Caianiello D, Lusi RF, Basu A. An Improved Protocol for the Synthesis and Purification of Yariv Reagents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16236-16242. [PMID: 33084327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yariv reagents are glycoconjugate tris-azo dyes widely used in plant biology. These reagents are synthesized by diazo coupling between phloroglucinol and a para-diazophenyl glycoside. Despite their synthetic accessibility, well-defined protocols for obtaining pure Yariv reagents, and their complete compound characterization data, have not been reported. We report here optimized protocols used to synthesize, purify, and characterize a panel of six Yariv reagents and suggest approaches that could be valuable for the purification and characterization of other glycoconjugates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraj Hoshing
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michael Saladino
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Helene Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - David Caianiello
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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14
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Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins are a diverse group of cell wall-associated proteoglycans. While structural and molecular genetic analyses have contributed to the emerging improved understanding of the wide-range of biological processes in which AGPs are implicated; the ability to detect, localize, and quantify them is fundamentally important. This chapter describes three methods: histological staining, radial gel diffusion, and colorimetric quantification, each of which utilize the ability of Yariv reagent to bind to AGPs.
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15
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Pfeifer L, Shafee T, Johnson KL, Bacic A, Classen B. Arabinogalactan-proteins of Zostera marina L. contain unique glycan structures and provide insight into adaption processes to saline environments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8232. [PMID: 32427862 PMCID: PMC7237498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrasses evolved from monocotyledonous land plants that returned to the marine habitat. This transition was accomplished by substantial changes in cell wall composition, revealing habitat-driven adaption to the new environment. Whether arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), important signalling molecules of land plants, are present in seagrass cell walls is of evolutionary and plant development interest. AGPs of Zostera marina L. were isolated and structurally characterised by analytical and bioinformatics methods as well as by ELISA with different anti-AGP antibodies. Calcium-binding capacity of AGPs was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and microscopy. Bioinformatic searches of the Z. marina proteome identified 9 classical AGPs and a large number of chimeric AGPs. The glycan structures exhibit unique features, including a high degree of branching and an unusually high content of terminating 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid (4-OMe GlcA) residues. Although the common backbone structure of land plant AGPs is conserved in Z. marina, the terminating residues are distinct with high amounts of uronic acids. These differences likely result from the glycan-active enzymes (glycosyltransferases and methyltransferases) and are essential for calcium-binding properties. The role of this polyanionic surface is discussed with regard to adaption to the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Shafee
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kim L Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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16
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Castilleux R, Ropitaux M, Manasfi Y, Bernard S, Vicré-Gibouin M, Driouich A. Contributions to Arabinogalactan Protein Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2149:383-402. [PMID: 32617947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are important plant proteoglycans involved in many development processes. In roots, AGPs occur in the cell wall of root cells and root cap-derived cells as well as in the secreted mucilage. Detection, localization , and quantification techniques are therefore essential to unravel the AGP diversity of structures and functions. This chapter details root-adapted immunocytochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies, and a collection of biochemical analysis protocols using β-D-glucosyl Yariv reagent for comprehensive AGP characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Castilleux
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Marc Ropitaux
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Manasfi
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré-Gibouin
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (Normandie-Végétale) FED 4277 - Université de Rouen Normandie, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.
- UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (Normandie-Végétale) FED 4277 - Université de Rouen Normandie, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
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17
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Apolinar-Valiente R, Williams P, Nigen M, Tamayo VM, Doco T, Sanchez C. Fractionation of Acacia seyal gum by ion exchange chromatography. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Seifert GJ. On the Potential Function of Type II Arabinogalactan O-Glycosylation in Regulating the Fate of Plant Secretory Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:563735. [PMID: 33013983 PMCID: PMC7511660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.563735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In a plant-specific mode of protein glycosylation, various sugars and glycans are attached to hydroxyproline giving rise to a variety of diverse O-glycoproteins. The sub-family of arabinogalactan proteins is implicated in a multitude of biological functions, however, the mechanistic role of O-glycosylation on AGPs by type II arabinogalactans is largely elusive. Some models suggest roles of the O-glycans such as in ligand-receptor interactions and as localized calcium ion store. Structurally different but possibly analogous types of protein O-glycosylation exist in animal and yeast models and roles for O-glycans were suggested in determining the fate of O-glycoproteins by affecting intracellular sorting or proteolytic activation and degradation. At present, only few examples exist that describe how the fate of artificial and endogenous arabinogalactan proteins is affected by O-glycosylation with type II arabinogalactans. In addition to other roles, these glycans might act as a molecular determinant for cellular localization and protein lifetime of many endogenous proteins.
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19
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Lin D, Lopez-Sanchez P, Gidley MJ. Interactions of arabinogalactans with bacterial cellulose during its synthesis: Structure and physical properties. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Millar AH, Heazlewood JL, Giglione C, Holdsworth MJ, Bachmair A, Schulze WX. The Scope, Functions, and Dynamics of Posttranslational Protein Modifications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:119-151. [PMID: 30786234 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Assessing posttranslational modification (PTM) patterns within protein molecules and reading their functional implications present grand challenges for plant biology. We combine four perspectives on PTMs and their roles by considering five classes of PTMs as examples of the broader context of PTMs. These include modifications of the N terminus, glycosylation, phosphorylation, oxidation, and N-terminal and protein modifiers linked to protein degradation. We consider the spatial distribution of PTMs, the subcellular distribution of modifying enzymes, and their targets throughout the cell, and we outline the complexity of compartmentation in understanding of PTM function. We also consider PTMs temporally in the context of the lifetime of a protein molecule and the need for different PTMs for assembly, localization, function, and degradation. Finally, we consider the combined action of PTMs on the same proteins, their interactions, and the challenge ahead of integrating PTMs into an understanding of protein function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;
| | - Carmela Giglione
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CNRS UMR9198, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;
| | - Michael J Holdsworth
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;
| | - Andreas Bachmair
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Systembiologie der Pflanze, Universität Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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21
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Apolinar-Valiente R, Williams P, Nigen M, Tamayo VM, Doco T, Sanchez C. Recovery, structure and physicochemical properties of an aggregate-rich fraction from Acacia senegal gum. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Huang C, Yao R, Zhu Z, Pang D, Cao X, Feng B, Paulsen BS, Li L, Yin Z, Chen X, Jia R, Song X, Ye G, Luo Q, Chen Z, Zou Y. A pectic polysaccharide from water decoction of Xinjiang Lycium barbarum fruit protects against intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:508-514. [PMID: 30826406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutral polysaccharides from Ningxia L. barbarum fruit have been reported with immunomodulatory and antioxidative biological activities. Few studies on pectic polysaccharides have been reported, especially not from the Xinjiang L. barbarum. In the present study, a pectic polysaccharide, XLBP-I-I, was obtained from water decoction of Xinjiang L. barbarum using anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The results from methanolysis, methylation, FT-IR and NMR experiments indicated that XLBP-I-I was a typical pectic polysaccharide. In vitro assay showed that XLBP-I-I could reduce the ER stress and UPR in tunicamycin insult IPEC-J2 cells, and further protect IPEC-J2 cells against apoptosis induced by ER stress. These results reveal a new perspective for pectic L. barbarum polysaccharides on intestine ER stress, and this elicited interests for its further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ruyu Yao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhongkai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | | | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xingfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Renrong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Pérez-Pérez Y, Carneros E, Berenguer E, Solís MT, Bárány I, Pintos B, Gómez-Garay A, Risueño MC, Testillano PS. Pectin De-methylesterification and AGP Increase Promote Cell Wall Remodeling and Are Required During Somatic Embryogenesis of Quercus suber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1915. [PMID: 30671070 PMCID: PMC6331538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a reliable system for in vitro plant regeneration, with biotechnological applications in trees, but the regulating mechanisms are largely unknown. Changes in cell wall mechanics controlled by methylesterification of pectins, mediated by pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and pectin methyl esterase inhibitors (PMEIs) underlie many developmental processes. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins located at the surface of plasma membranes, in cell walls, and in extracellular secretions, with key roles in a range of different processes. In this study, we have investigated changes in two cell wall components, pectins and AGPs, during somatic embryogenesis in Quercus suber, a forest tree of high economic and ecologic value. At early embryogenesis stages, cells of proembryogenic masses showed high levels of esterified pectins and expression of QsPME and QsPMEI genes encoding a PME and a putative PMEI, respectively. At advanced stages, differentiating cells of heart, torpedo and cotyledonary embryos exhibited walls rich in de-esterified pectins, while QsPME gene expression and PME activity progressively increased. AGPs were detected in cell walls of proembryogenic masses and somatic embryos. QsLys-rich-AGP18, QsLys-rich-AGP17, and QsAGP16L1 gene expression increased with embryogenesis progression, as did the level of total AGPs, detected by dot blot with β-glucosyl Yariv reagent. Immuno dot blot, immunofluorescence assays and confocal analysis using monoclonal antibodies to high- (JIM7, LM20) and low- (JIM5, LM19) methylesterified pectins, and to certain AGP epitopes (LM6, LM2) showed changes in the amount and distribution pattern of esterified/de-esterified pectins and AGP epitopes, that were associated with proliferation and differentiation and correlated with expression of the PME and AGP genes analyzed. Pharmacological treatments with catechin, an inhibitor of PME activity, and Yariv reagent, which blocks AGPs, impaired the progression of embryogenesis, with pectin de-esterification and an increase in AGP levels being necessary for embryo development. Findings indicate a role for pectins and AGPs during somatic embryogenesis of cork oak, promoting the cell wall remodeling during the process. They also provide new insights into the regulating mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis in woody species, for which information is still scarce, opening up new possibilities to improve in vitro embryo production in tree breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Carneros
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Berenguer
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Solís
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivett Bárány
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pintos
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Gómez-Garay
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Risueño
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Sato K, Hara K, Yoshimi Y, Kitazawa K, Ito H, Tsumuraya Y, Kotake T. Yariv reactivity of type II arabinogalactan from larch wood. Carbohydr Res 2018; 467:8-13. [PMID: 30036728 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Larch arabinogalactan (AG) is classified as a plant type II AG. Its basic structure is constituted by a β-1,3-galactan main chain with β-1,6-galactan side chains. But its properties are distinct from other type II AGs. Whereas most type II AGs are found as glycan moieties of arabinogalactan-protein (AGP), larch AG lacks a protein moiety. Larch AG itself is also unlike other type II AGs as it lacks Yariv reactivity, the capability of AG to form insoluble precipitate with β-Yariv reagents, 1,3,5-tri-(p-glycosyloxyphenylazo)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene with β-glucosyl or β-galactosyl residues at the termini. For the present study, we prepared β-galactan I, II, and III from larch AG by performing single, double, and triple Smith degradation, which breaks β-1,6-galactan side chains, and examined Yariv reactivity of the products. Methylation analysis revealed that β-galactans II and III had lost more than 90% of their β-1,6-galactan branches. In the radial gel diffusion assay, β-galactans II and III showed Yariv reactivity, indicating the presence of a Yariv-reactive structure in larch AG, although native larch AG does not have Yariv reactivity. The Yariv reactivity of the β-galactans was completely lost after treatment with endo-β-1,3-galactanase. These results confirm that β-1,3-galactan is necessary for Yariv reactivity of type II AG. The present results also suggest that high substitution of β-1,3-galactan with β-1,6-galactan side chains affects Yariv reactivity in larch AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yoshimi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kiminari Kitazawa
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Haruka Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tsumuraya
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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25
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Seifert GJ. Fascinating Fasciclins: A Surprisingly Widespread Family of Proteins that Mediate Interactions between the Cell Exterior and the Cell Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1628. [PMID: 29857505 PMCID: PMC6032426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fasciclin 1 (FAS1) domain is an ancient structural motif in extracellular proteins present in all kingdoms of life and particularly abundant in plants. The FAS1 domain accommodates multiple interaction surfaces, enabling it to bind different ligands. The frequently observed tandem FAS1 arrangement might both positively and negatively regulate ligand binding. Additional protein domains and post-translational modifications are partially conserved between different evolutionary clades. Human FAS1 family members are associated with multiple aspects of health and disease. At the cellular level, mammalian FAS1 proteins are implicated in extracellular matrix structure, cell to extracellular matrix and cell to cell adhesion, paracrine signaling, intracellular trafficking and endocytosis. Mammalian FAS1 proteins bind to the integrin family of receptors and to protein and carbohydrate components of the extracellular matrix. FAS1 protein encoding plant genes exert effects on cellulosic and non-cellulosic cell wall structure and cellular signaling but to establish the modes of action for any plant FAS1 protein still requires biochemical experimentation. In fungi, eubacteria and archaea, the differential presence of FAS1 proteins in closely related organisms and isolated biochemical data suggest functions in pathogenicity and symbiosis. The inter-kingdom comparison of FAS1 proteins suggests that molecular mechanisms mediating interactions between cells and their environment may have evolved at the earliest known stages of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg J Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Yao R, Huang C, Chen X, Yin Z, Fu Y, Li L, Feng B, Song X, He C, Yue G, Jing B, Lv C, Su G, Ye G, Zou Y. Two complement fixing pectic polysaccharides from pedicel of Lycium barbarum L. promote cellular antioxidant defense. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:356-363. [PMID: 29409772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purification, characterization and biological activities of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum pedicel were investigated in this study. Two polysaccharides, PLBP-I-I and PLBP-II-I, were obtained from water extracts by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Structural elucidation based on IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra indicated that these two fractions were typical pectic polysaccharides, with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I regions and arabinogalactan side chains, and some of the galacturonic acid units were methyl esterified. Both fractions exhibited potent complement fixating activity and pro-antioxidant defense capacity, and those two fractions showed different activities. The higher complement fixation activity was obtained in fraction PLBP-I-I, while the higher pro-antioxidant defense capacity was obtained in fraction PLBP-II-I, which may be due to the structural differences between those two fractions. Thus, the pedicel of L. barbarum could be used as a potential source for natural immunomodulator and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Chao Huang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xingfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Su
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China.
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27
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Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra : Structure and activity studies. Fitoterapia 2018; 124:182-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Bartels D, Classen B. Structural investigations on arabinogalactan-proteins from a lycophyte and different monilophytes (ferns) in the evolutionary context. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:342-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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29
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Xue H, Veit C, Abas L, Tryfona T, Maresch D, Ricardi MM, Estevez JM, Strasser R, Seifert GJ. Arabidopsis thaliana FLA4 functions as a glycan-stabilized soluble factor via its carboxy-proximal Fasciclin 1 domain. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:613-630. [PMID: 28482115 PMCID: PMC5575511 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are involved in numerous important functions in plants but the relevance of their complex structure to physiological function and cellular fate is unresolved. Using a fully functional fluorescent version of Arabidopsis thaliana FLA4 we show that this protein is localized at the plasma membrane as well as in endosomes and soluble in the apoplast. FLA4 is likely to be GPI-anchored, is highly N-glycosylated and carries two O-glycan epitopes previously associated with arabinogalactan proteins. The activity of FLA4 was resistant against deletion of the amino-proximal fasciclin 1 domain and was unaffected by removal of the GPI-modification signal, a highly conserved N-glycan or the deletion of predicted O-glycosylation sites. Nonetheless these structural changes dramatically decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-exit and plasma membrane localization of FLA4, with N-glycosylation acting at the level of ER-exit and O-glycosylation influencing post-secretory fate. We show that FLA4 acts predominantly by molecular interactions involving its carboxy-proximal fasciclin 1 domain and that its amino-proximal fasciclin 1 domain is required for stabilization of plasma membrane localization. FLA4 functions as a soluble glycoprotein via its carboxy-proximal Fas1 domain and its normal cellular trafficking depends on N- and O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life ScienceBOKU ViennaMuthgasse 11A‐1190ViennaAustria
| | - Christiane Veit
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life ScienceBOKU ViennaMuthgasse 11A‐1190ViennaAustria
| | - Lindy Abas
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life ScienceBOKU ViennaMuthgasse 11A‐1190ViennaAustria
| | - Theodora Tryfona
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QWUK
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life ScienceBOKU ViennaMuthgasse 11A‐1190ViennaAustria
| | - Martiniano M. Ricardi
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(IFIByNE‐CONICET)Instituto de FisiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresC1428EGAArgentina
| | - José Manuel Estevez
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(IFIByNE‐CONICET)Instituto de FisiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresC1428EGAArgentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires CPC1405BWEArgentina
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life ScienceBOKU ViennaMuthgasse 11A‐1190ViennaAustria
| | - Georg J. Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life ScienceBOKU ViennaMuthgasse 11A‐1190ViennaAustria
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30
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Bartels D, Baumann A, Maeder M, Geske T, Heise EM, von Schwartzenberg K, Classen B. Evolution of plant cell wall: Arabinogalactan-proteins from three moss genera show structural differences compared to seed plants. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:227-235. [PMID: 28267501 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are important proteoglycans of plant cell walls. They seem to be present in most, if not all seed plants, but their occurrence and structure in bryophytes is widely unknown and actually the focus of AGP research. With regard to evolution of plant cell wall, we isolated AGPs from the three mosses Sphagnum sp., Physcomitrella patens and Polytrichastrum formosum. The moss AGPs show structural characteristics common for AGPs of seed plants, but also unique features, especially 3-O-methyl-rhamnose (trivial name acofriose) as terminal monosaccharide not found in arabinogalactan-proteins of angiosperms and 1,2,3-linked galactose as branching point never found in arabinogalactan-proteins before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartels
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alexander Baumann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Malte Maeder
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Geske
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Esther Marie Heise
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Ho GTT, Zou YF, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. RG-I regions from elderflower pectins substituted on GalA are strong immunomodulators. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:731-738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Structural and immunological feature of rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharide from Korean persimmon vinegar. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Canut H, Albenne C, Jamet E. Post-translational modifications of plant cell wall proteins and peptides: A survey from a proteomics point of view. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:983-90. [PMID: 26945515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell wall proteins (CWPs) and peptides are important players in cell walls contributing to their assembly and their remodeling during development and in response to environmental constraints. Since the rise of proteomics technologies at the beginning of the 2000's, the knowledge of CWPs has greatly increased leading to the discovery of new CWP families and to the description of the cell wall proteomes of different organs of many plants. Conversely, cell wall peptidomics data are still lacking. In addition to the identification of CWPs and peptides by mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics, proteomics has allowed to describe their post-translational modifications (PTMs). At present, the best known PTMs consist in proteolytic cleavage, N-glycosylation, hydroxylation of P residues into hydroxyproline residues (O), O-glycosylation and glypiation. In this review, the methods allowing the capture of the modified proteins based on the specific properties of their PTMs as well as the MS technologies used for their characterization are briefly described. A focus is done on proteolytic cleavage leading to protein maturation or release of signaling peptides and on O-glycosylation. Some new technologies, like top-down proteomics and terminomics, are described. They aim at a finer description of proteoforms resulting from PTMs or degradation mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Canut
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Albenne
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
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35
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Structural characterization of bioactive pectic polysaccharides from elderflowers ( Sambuci flos ). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 135:128-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Marzec M, Szarejko I, Melzer M. Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1245-57. [PMID: 25465033 PMCID: PMC4339589 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are involved in a range of plant processes, including cell differentiation and expansion. Here, barley root hair mutants and their wild-type parent cultivars were used, as a model system, to reveal the role of AGPs in root hair development. The treatment of roots with different concentrations of βGlcY (a reagent which binds to all classes of AGPs) inhibited or totally suppressed the development of root hairs in all of the cultivars. Three groups of AGP (recognized by the monoclonal antibodies LM2, LM14, and MAC207) were diversely localized in trichoblasts and atrichoblasts of root hair-producing plants. The relevant epitopes were present in wild-type trichoblast cell walls and cytoplasm, whereas in wild-type atrichoblasts and in all epidermal cells of a root hairless mutant, they were only present in the cytoplasm. In all of cultivars the higher expression of LM2, LM14, and MAC207 was observed in trichoblasts at an early stage of development. Additionally, the LM2 epitope was detected on the surface of primordia and root hair tubes in plants able to generate root hairs. The major conclusion was that the AGPs recognized by LM2, LM14, and MAC207 are involved in the differentiation of barley root epidermal cells, thereby implying a requirement for these AGPs for root hair development in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-032, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-032, Poland
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben D-06466, Germany
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Immunomodulating pectins from root bark, stem bark, and leaves of the Malian medicinal tree Terminalia macroptera, structure activity relations. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zou YF, Zhang BZ, Inngjerdingen KT, Barsett H, Diallo D, Michaelsen TE, Paulsen BS. Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:672-678. [PMID: 24933222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. The bioactivity was determined by the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions. RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. But due to sustainability, it is prefer to use leaves rather than the other two plant parts, and then the dosage by weight must be higher when using leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bing-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; GIAT-HKU joint Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research (CSynBER), Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nansha, Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | - Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Barsett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Drissa Diallo
- Department of Traditional Medicine, BP 1746, Bamako, Mali
| | - Terje Einar Michaelsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Zou YF, Zhang BZ, Barsett H, Inngjerdingen KT, Diallo D, Michaelsen TE, Paulsen BS. Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. Molecules 2014; 19:7440-58. [PMID: 24914893 PMCID: PMC6270672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. The chemical compositions showed that the polysaccharides are of pectic nature. The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bing-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Barsett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Drissa Diallo
- Department of Traditional Medicine, BP 1746, Bamako, Mali
| | - Terje Einar Michaelsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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