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Kumar R, Singh B. Functional network copolymeric hydrogels derived from moringa gum: Physiochemical, drug delivery and biomedical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133352. [PMID: 38945716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The article explores the synthesis of network hydrogels derived from moringa gum (MG) through a grafting reaction with poly (vinylsulfonic acid) and carbopol. These hydrogels are designed for use in drug delivery (DD) and wound hydrogels dressing (HYDR) applications. The copolymers were characterized by FESEM, EDX, AFM, FTIR, 13C NMR, XRD and DSC. Tetracycline release from hydrogel occurred gradually with a non-Fickian diffusion and was best described by the Hixson-Crowell kinetic model in artificial wound fluid. The HYDR demonstrated compatibility with blood, exhibited antioxidant properties and possessed tensile strength, in addition to their mucoadhesive characteristics. The copolymer dressings absorbed approximately 7 g of simulated fluid. The copolymers exhibited significant antioxidant activity, measuring at 84 % free radicals scavenging, during DPPH assay. These dressings demonstrated permeability to H2O and O2,. The hydrogel alone did not reveal antibacterial activities; however, when combined with antibiotic drug tetracycline, the dressings revealed notable antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The observed biomedical properties suggested that these hydrogels could serve as promising materials for drug delivery HYDR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171005, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171005, India.
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Kumari A, Singh B. Functionalization of sterculia gum for making platform hydrogels via network formation for use in drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130814. [PMID: 38479664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Recently, various advancements have been made in the development of functional polymeric materials for innovative applications. Herein this work, functionalization of sterculia gum (SG) was carried out via grafting of poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride) (METAC)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to develop hydrogel dressings as a platform for use in drug delivery (DD). The innovation of the present work is the exploration of inherent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the SG along with antimicrobial characteristic of poly(METAC) and PVP, to design the doxycycline encapsulated hydrogel dressings for better wound healing. FESEM, EDS and AFM analyzed the surface morphology of hydrogels. FTIR, 13C NMR and XRD inferred inclusion of poly(METAC)-PVP into polymers. 13C NMR confirmed the incorporation of poly(METAC) and PVP onto gum by the presence of a peak at 54.74 ppm because of methyl carbon attached to quaternary nitrogen of poly(METAC) and at 45.48 ppm due to the ring carbon of PVP along with FTIR peak at 949 cm-1 because of CN bending of quaternary nitrogen of poy (METAC). Thermal characterization of copolymers has been performed using TGA analysis. One gram of copolymeric hydrogel dressing absorbed 6.51 ± 0.03 g simulated salivary fluid (SSF) and 7.65 ± 0.03 g simulated wound fluid (SWF). Release of doxycycline drug occurred in a sustained manner and followed the Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism from hydrogels. The release profile was most effectively described by Hixon-Crowell kinetic model. Hydrogel demonstrated biocompatibility and expressed thrombogenicity 79.7 ± 4.9 % during its polymer-blood interactions. Copolymer revealed mucoadhesive property, requiring a force of 77.00 ± 0.01 mN to detach from bio-membrane. Additionally, it exhibited antioxidant features, showing 43.81 ± 0.286 % free radical scavenging. Hydrogel dressings were mechanically stable and revealed 0.76 ± 0.09 N mm-2 tensile strength and 9.18 ± 0.01 N burst strength. Polymer films were permeable to oxygen and water vapor and were impermeable to microorganisms. Hydrogel dressings exhibited antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Overall, these properties displayed the suitability of hydrogels for wound dressing (WD) applications which may actively enhance wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, India.
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Reolon JB, Saccol CP, Osmari BF, de Oliveira DB, Prado VC, Cabral FL, da Rosa LS, Rechia GC, Leal DBR, Cruz L. Karaya/Gellan-Gum-Based Bilayer Films Containing 3,3'-Diindolylmethane-Loaded Nanocapsules: A Promising Alternative to Melanoma Topical Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2234. [PMID: 37765203 PMCID: PMC10538082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to incorporate nanocapsules containing 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) with antitumor activity into a bilayer film of karaya and gellan gums for use in topical melanoma therapy. Nanocarriers and films were prepared by interfacial deposition of the preformed polymer and solvent casting methods, respectively. Incorporating DIM into nanocapsules increased its antitumor potential against human melanoma cells (A-375) (IC50 > 24.00 µg/mL free DIM × 2.89 µg/mL nanocapsules). The films were transparent, hydrophilic (θ < 90°), had homogeneous thickness and weight, and had a DIM content of 106 µg/cm2. Radical ABTS+ scavenger assay showed that the DIM films presented promising antioxidant action. Remarkably, the films showed selective bioadhesive potential on the karaya gum side. Considering the mechanical analyses, the nanotechnology-based films presented appropriate behavior for cutaneous application and controlled DIM release profile, which could increase the residence time on the application site. Furthermore, the nanofilms were found to increase the permeation of DIM into the epidermis, where melanoma develops. Lastly, the films were non-hemolytic (hemolysis test) and non-irritant (HET-CAM assay). In summary, the combination of karaya and gellan gum in bilayer films that contain nanoencapsulated DIM has demonstrated potential in the topical treatment of melanoma and could serve as a viable option for administering DIM for cutaneous melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Brandão Reolon
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Camila Parcianello Saccol
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Bárbara Felin Osmari
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Daiane Britto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Vinicius Costa Prado
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Fernanda Licker Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-9000, RS, Brazil; (F.L.C.); (D.B.R.L.)
| | - Lucas Saldanha da Rosa
- Laboratório de Biomateriais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97015-372, RS, Brazil;
| | | | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-9000, RS, Brazil; (F.L.C.); (D.B.R.L.)
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
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Hashtrodylar Y, Rabbani S, Dadashzadeh S, Haeri A. Berberine-phospholipid nanoaggregate-embedded thiolated chitosan hydrogel for aphthous stomatitis treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1227-1246. [PMID: 37712555 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop nanoaggregates of berberine-phospholipid complex incorporated into thiolated chitosan (TCS) hydrogel for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis. Methods: The berberine-phospholipid complex was formulated through the solvent evaporation technique and assembled into nanoaggregates. TCS was synthesized through the attachment of thioglycolic acid to chitosan (CS). Nanoaggregates-TCS was prepared by the incorporation of nanoaggregates into TCS and underwent in vitro and in vivo tests. Results: Nanoaggregates-TCS exhibited prolonged release of berberine. The mucoadhesive strength of nanoaggregates-TCS increased 1.75-fold compared with CS hydrogel. In vivo studies revealed the superior therapeutic efficacy of nanoaggregates-TCS compared with that of other groups. Conclusion: Due to prolonged drug release, appropriate residence time and anti-inflammatory effects, nanoaggregates-TCS is an effective system for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Hashtrodylar
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1996835113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1313814117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1996835113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1996835113, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1996835113, Tehran, Iran
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Rana VS, Sharma N. Adsorption profile of anionic and cationic dyes through Fe 3O 4 embedded oxidized Sterculia gum/Gelatin hybrid gel matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123098. [PMID: 36681219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous effluents from textile industries being major contributors of water pollution and impose potential adverse effects on environment. In present study, Fe3O4 embedded oxidized Sterculia gum/Gelatin hybrid matrix have been fabricated and evaluated for enrichment of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). Newly synthesized matrix was characterized through powdered XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM and TGA. Integrated nanoparticles improved dye enrichment and facilitated removal of matrix from the aqueous solution under the influence of magnetic field. Influence of various reaction parameters viz.: contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, temperature & pH of the adsorption medium on dye enrichment have been evaluated. Maximum adsorption (90 % and 88 % for MO and MB respectively) has been achieved. Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms have been evaluated. Experimental results validate well fitted Freundlich isotherm for MO and Temkin isotherm for MB. Adsorption kinetics has been analyzed through Pseudo first order, second order kinetic and intra particle diffusion models. Adsorption of both dyes was best explained via pseudo second order kinetic model. Negative value of Gibb's free energy change (-26.487 KJ mol -1 and - 24.262 KJ mol -1) for MB and MO at 303 K was an indication of spontaneity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Singh Rana
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144030, India; Department of Chemistry, S.G.G.S. Khalsa College, Mahilpur, District Hoshiarpur, Punjab 146105, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144030, India.
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Modification of chicha gum: Antibacterial activity, ex vivo mucoadhesion, antioxidant activity and cellular viability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:594-603. [PMID: 36563812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to modify the exuded gum of Sterculia striata tree by an amination reaction. The viscosity and zero potential of the chicha gum varied as a function of pH. The modification was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the chemical modification changed the molar mass and surface charge of the chicha gum. In addition, the gums were used in tests for ex vivo mucoadhesion strength, antibacterial activity against the standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase, antioxidant capacity, and viability of Caco-2 cells. Through these tests, it was found that amination caused an increase in the mucoadhesive and inhibitory activity of chicha gum against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the gums (pure and modified) showed antioxidant capacity and an inhibitory effect against the α-glucosidase enzyme and did not show cytotoxic potential.
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Tuteja M, Nagpal K. Recent Advances and Prospects for Plant Gum-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2023; 40:83-124. [PMID: 36734914 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022042252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work is an effort to first introduce plant-based gums and discussing their drug delivery applications. The composition of these plant gums and their major characteristics, which make them suitable as pharmaceutical excipients are also described in detail. The various modifications methods such as physical and chemical modifications of gums and polysaccharides have been discussed along with their applications in different fields. Consequently, plant-based gums modification such as etherification and grafting is attracting much scientific attention to satisfy industrial demand. The evaluation tests to characterize gum-based drug delivery systems have been summarized. The release behavior of drug from plant-gum-based drug delivery is being discussed. Thus, this review is an attempt to critically summarize different aspect of plant-gum-based polysaccharides to be utilized in drug delivery systems having potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkal Tuteja
- Gurugram Global College of Pharmacy, Farrukhnagar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122506, India
| | - Kalpana Nagpal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP-201303, India
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Purohit P, Bhatt A, Mittal RK, Abdellattif MH, Farghaly TA. Polymer Grafting and its chemical reactions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1044927. [PMID: 36714621 PMCID: PMC9874337 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1044927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer grafting is a technique to improve the morphology, chemical, and physical properties of the polymer. This technique has the potential to improve the existing conduction and properties of polymers other than charge transport; as a result, it enhances the solubility, nano-dimensional morphology, biocompatibility, bio-communication, and other property of parent polymer. A polymer's physicochemical properties can be modified even further by creating a copolymer with another polymer or by grafting. Here in the various chemical approaches for polymer grafting, like free radical, click reaction, amide formation, and alkylation have been discussed with their importance, moreover the process and its importance are covered comprehensively with their scientific explanation. The present review also covers the effectiveness of the graft-to approaches and its application in various fields, which will give reader a glimpse about polymer grafting and its uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Purohit
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India,*Correspondence: Priyank Purohit, ,
| | - Akanksha Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | | - Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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pH-responsive in situ gelling properties of thiolated citrus high-methoxyl pectin and its potential gel mechanism. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112220. [PMID: 36596149 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
pH-responsive in situ gelling properties of thiolated citrus high-methoxyl pectin (TCHMP) were investigated in this study. The gelation capacity results revealed that the in situ gelation behavior of TCHMP only occurred when the pH value was higher than 6.25. The gel strength increased from 26.63 g to 42.77 g as the pH value increased from 7.4 to 8.9. Rheological measurements confirmed that the apparent viscosity and viscoelasticity of TCHMP were highly dependent on pH value and dialysis time. Compared with the control group, the apparent viscosity of TCHMP dialyzed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of pH 8.9 for 180 min increased 695-fold. During the dialysis process of TCHMP at different pH values (7.4-8.9), the final thiol groups content decreased and the final disulfide bonds content increased with the increase in pH value. This illustrates that the mechanism of in situ gelation is mainly the oxidation of thiol-thiol groups to form disulfide bonds. These results can put forward new insights into the pH-responsive in situ gelling properties of TCHMP and provide a theoretical basis for the application of TCHMP in neutral and alkaline gel systems.
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Baljit Singh, Sharma V, Kumari A. Synthesis and Characterization of Sterculia Gum Polysaccharide-Poly(bis[2-methacryloyloxy]ethyl Phosphate Copolymeric Network Hydrogels for Use in Drug Delivery. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422700634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Improved Mucoadhesion, Permeation and In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Synthesized Thiolated Acacia and Karaya Gum Combination: A Systematic Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206829. [PMID: 36296425 PMCID: PMC9609301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiolation of polymers is one of the most appropriate approaches to impart higher mechanical strength and mucoadhesion. Thiol modification of gum karaya and gum acacia was carried out by esterification with 80% thioglycolic acid. FTIR, DSC and XRD confirmed the completion of thiolation reaction. Anticancer potential of developed thiomer was studied on cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) and more than 60% of human cervical cell lines (HeLa) were inhibited at concentration of 5 µg/100 µL. Immobilized thiol groups were found to be 0.8511 mmol/g as determined by Ellman’s method. Cytotoxicity studies on L929 fibroblast cell lines indicated thiomers were biocompatible. Bilayered tablets were prepared using Ivabradine hydrochloride as the model drug and synthesized thiolated gums as mucoadhesive polymer. Tablets prepared using thiolated polymers in combination showed more swelling, mucoadhesion and residence time as compared to unmodified gums. Thiol modification controlled the release of the drug for 24 h and enhanced permeation of the drug up to 3 fold through porcine buccal mucosa as compared to tablets with unmodified gums. Thiolated polymer showed increased mucoadhesion and permeation, anticancer potential, controlled release and thus can be utilized as a novel excipient in formulation development.
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Rajput K, Tawade S, Nangare S, Shirsath N, Bari S, Zawar L. Formulation, optimization, and in-vitro-ex-vivo evaluation of dual-crosslinked zinc pectinate-neem gum-interpenetrating polymer network mediated lansoprazole loaded floating microbeads. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:915-926. [PMID: 36181884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Low methoxy pectin (LM pectin) suffers from burst release owing to its high swellability and solubility in water. Consequently, in ways to design an ideal drug delivery system, these obstacles must be surmounted. Therefore, the work aimed to design dual crosslinked LM pectin -neem gum (NG) mediated interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) floating mucoadhesive microbeads for lansoprazole (LNZ) gastro-retentive delivery. In short, LNZ-loaded floating microbeads were achieved by using the ionic gelation method wherein zinc acetate was preferred as a crosslinking agent. The optimization of IPN microbeads was performed employing a 32-factorial design wherein concentration of pectin and NG was considered as independent factors whereas dependant factors are entrapment efficiency and drug release. Importantly, carboxylic functionality of low methoxy (LM) pectin and hydroxylic functionality NG cross-linked with Zn+2 forms a 3D network. Diffractogram and thermogram revealed that conversion of drug from crystalline to amorphous form because of entrapment of drug within polymeric network. Anticipated floating microbeads showed that polymer concentration had considerable effect on drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release. Briefly, optimizing floating microbeads (Batch B:5) showed maximum drug entrapment (87.47 %) with a delayed drug release (69.20 %, at 8 h) due to formation of strong IPN. Moreover, it showed good mucoadhesive aptitude with goat stomach mucosa because of entanglement between gum and mucus layer. In addition, use of calcium silicate assists to modulate floating profile of IPN microbeads. Therefore, designing dual crosslinked zinc-pectinate-NG mediated IPN floating mucoadhesive microbeads will offer a new substitute for floating delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Shraddha Tawade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Sopan Nangare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Nitin Shirsath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Sanjaykumar Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India
| | - Laxmikant Zawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra state, India.
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Puri V, Sharma A, Kumar P, Dua K, Huanbutta K, Singh I, Sangnim T. Assessment of Acute Oral Toxicity of Thiolated Gum Ghatti in Rats. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183836. [PMID: 36145990 PMCID: PMC9506416 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various drug delivery systems were developed using a modified form of gum ghatti. Modifying gum ghatti using thioglycolic acid improves its mucoadhesive property, and hence, it is a suitable approach for the fabrication and development of controlled drug delivery systems. In accordance with regulatory guidelines, namely, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) 423 guidelines, an acute oral dose toxicity study was performed to examine the toxicological effects of gum ghattiin an animal (Wistar rat) after a single oral dose administration of pure gum ghatti and thiolated gum ghatti. Orally administered pure and thiolated gum ghatti do not reveal any considerable change in the behavioral pattern, food intake, body weight, hematology, or clinical symptoms of treated animals. Furthermore, histopathological studies showed no pathological mutations in the vital organs of Wistar rats after the oral administration of single doses of both types of gumghatti (i.e., 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg body weight). Whole blood clotting studies showed the low absorbance value of the modified gum (thiolated gum ghatti) in contrast to the pure gum and control, hence demonstrating its excellent clotting capability. The aforementioned toxicological study suggested that the oral administration of a single dose of pure and thiolated gum ghatti did not produce any toxicological effects in Wistar rats. Consequently, it could be a suitable and safe candidate for formulating various drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Thanyaburi 12110, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Muang 20131, Chonburi, Thailand
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (T.S.)
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Wan T, Fan P, Zhang M, Shi K, Chen X, Yang H, Liu X, Xu W, Zhou Y. Multiple Crosslinking Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Improved Strength and 3D Printability. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:334-343. [PMID: 35014821 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is preferred for biomedicine applications, as it possesses biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cell-regulated capacity as well as high hydration nature similar to the native extracellular matrix. However, HA hydrogel fabricated via a 3D printing technique often faces poor printing properties. In this study, maleiated sodium hyaluronate (MHA) with a high substituted degree of the acrylate group (i.e., 2.27) and thiolated sodium hyaluronate (SHHA) were synthesized. By blending these modified HAs, the MHA/SHHA hydrogels were prepared via pre-crosslinking through thiol-acrylate Michael addition and subsequently covalent crosslinking using thiol-acrylate and acrylate-acrylate photopolymerization mechanisms. Rheological properties, swelling behaviors, and mechanical properties can be modulated by altering the molar ratio of the thiol group and acrylate group. The results showed that the MHA/SHHA hydrogel precursors have rapidly gelling capacity and improved compressive strength. Based on these results, high-resolution hydrogel scaffolds with good structural stability were prepared by extrusion-based 3D printing. This HA hydrogel is cytocompatible and capable of supporting adherence of L929 cells, indicating its great potential for tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wan
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China.,Humanwell Healthcare Group Medical Supplies Company Ltd., Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
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15
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Özbaş Z, Özkahraman B, Akgüner ZP, Bal-Öztürk A. Evaluation of modified pectin/alginate buccal patches with enhanced mucoadhesive properties for drug release systems: In-vitro and ex-vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Silva JSFD, Oliveira ACDJ, Soares MFDLR, Soares-Sobrinho JL. Recent advances of Sterculia gums uses in drug delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:481-490. [PMID: 34710475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trees of the genus Sterculia produce polysaccharide-rich exudates, such as karaya gum (Sterculia urens), chicha gum (Sterculia striata), and Sterculia foetida gum. These anionic biomaterials are biodegradable, with high viscosity, low toxicity, and gelling properties in aqueous media. According to these properties, they show promising applications as a polymer matrix for use in drug delivery systems. For this application, both the chemically modified and the unmodified polysaccharide are used. This review focuses on analyzing the state of the art of recent studies on the use of Sterculia gums in a variety of pharmaceutical forms, such as tablets, hydrogels, micro/nanoparticles, and mucoadhesive films. Sterculia gums-based delivery systems have potential to be explored for new drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Samara Ferreira da Silva
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Antônia Carla de Jesus Oliveira
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Lamartine Soares-Sobrinho
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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17
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Puri V, Sharma A, Kumar P, Singh I, Huanbutta K. Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Gum Ghatti as a Novel Excipient: Development of Compression-Coated Mucoadhesive Tablets of Domperidone. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15844-15854. [PMID: 34179628 PMCID: PMC8223422 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive polymers represent a major part of site-specific and localized retention strategies in oral drug delivery. The present research was designed to synthesize and characterize a novel mucoadhesive carbohydrate polymer (thiolated gum ghatti; TGG), which was employed to formulate mucoadhesive tablets of domperidone using an industrially viable compression coating technique. Thiolation of gum ghatti was achieved by the ester formation (esterification) between the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group of gum ghatti and thioglycolic acid. TGG was characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DSC. In rheological studies, the observed viscosities of pure gum mucin were 45.45 and 71.75 mPa·s and those of the thiolated gum were 78.7 and 112.58 mPa·s, respectively, in water and simulated gastric fluid. A significant increase in viscosity for thiolated gum may be attributed to increased macromolecular interactions responsible for enhanced mucoadhesive potential of thiolated gum. In silico studies corroborate the role of mucin gum interaction and energetic stabilization for enhanced mucoadhesion properties of thiolated gum. Ex vivo mucoadhesion strength of gum ghatti- and TGG-coated tablets was found to be ranging between 45.77 ± 1.49 and 88.16 ± 1.75 and 115.32 ± 2.36 and 184.65 ± 2.07 mN, respectively. In an acute oral toxicity study, TGG did not show any toxicity on the vital organs of the Wistar rat and proved to be a safe polymer. TGG may be regarded as a promising polymer for developing different mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
- Chitkara
University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara
University, Solan 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
- Chitkara
University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara
University, Solan 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169, Saensook, Muang 20131, Chonburi, Thailand
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18
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Martín-Illana A, Cazorla-Luna R, Notario-Pérez F, Bedoya LM, Rubio J, Tamayo A, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD. Smart vaginal bilayer films of Tenofovir based on Eudragit® L100/natural polymer for the prevention of the sexual transmission of HIV. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120665. [PMID: 33933643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of an effective vaccine, vaginal microbicides are essential for preventing the sexual transmission of HIV to women. Antiretroviral vaginal films have emerged as promising choices, especially those offering mucoadhesivity and controlled drug release. Tenofovir-loaded bilayer films based on Eudragit® L100 (EL100) and a biopolymer - gum arabic, karaya gum, pectin or tragacanth gum - were developed in a single-stage process. Cytotoxicity studies in three human cell lines indicated no toxicity of the excipients at the concentrations tested. Raman spectroscopy and SEM confirmed the formation of the two layers and their anchoring. Texture analysis showed no major differences between the batches. The swelling of the film is conditioned by its biopolymer nature and by the amount of EL100, which acts as structuring agent thus enhancing swelling. Tragacanth gum-based batches showed high mucoadhesion regardless the amount of EL100. The controlled release of Tenofovir in simulated vaginal fluid was faster in the presence of simulated seminal fluid due to the dissolution of EL100. Films containing 400 mg of EL100 and tragacanth gum are promising candidates for future studies, as they could sexually safeguard women from HIV for at least one week and ensure greater protection during intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Martín-Illana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Cazorla-Luna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Notario-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Miguel Bedoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Rubio
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, Spanish National Research Council, C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aitana Tamayo
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, Spanish National Research Council, C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Raj V, Lee JH, Shim JJ, Lee J. Recent findings and future directions of grafted gum karaya polysaccharides and their various applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Silva SCCC, Braz EMA, Brito CARS, Alves MMM, Carvalho FAA, Barreto HM, Oliveira AL, Silva DA, Silva-Filho EC. Phthalic anhydride esterified chicha gum: characterization and antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117077. [PMID: 33142620 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to modify chicha gum with phthalic anhydride to obtain a new biologically active material. The chemical modification of the gum structure was proven through FTIR, elemental analysis, XRD, TG, and DSC. The derived materials demonstrated excellent inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae species (rating 100% inhibition) and could also inhibit Escherichia coli growth. The best antimicrobial activity observed for the derivatives suggests that chicha gum hydrophobization due to the addition of phthalic groups improved the interaction of these derivatives with bacterial cell wall components. On the other hand, the derivatives increased CC50 in macrophages but did not present acute toxicity or hemolytic activity, indicating that they are promising for use in prophylaxis or treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solranny Carla Cavalcante Costa Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados - LIMAV, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Campus Professor Ariston Dias Lima, São Raimundo Nonato, PI CEP: 64770-000, Brazil
| | - Elton Marks Araujo Braz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados - LIMAV, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Carla Adriana Rodrigues Sousa Brito
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Michel Muálem Moraes Alves
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais - NPPM, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil; Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Fernando Aécio Amorim Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais - NPPM, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Humberto Medeiros Barreto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Leite Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Durcilene Alves Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados - LIMAV, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Edson C Silva-Filho
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados - LIMAV, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI CEP 64049-550, Brazil
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21
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Zaman M, Bajwa RI, Saeed S, Hussain MA, Hanif M. Synthesis and characterization of thiol modified beta cyclodextrin, its biocompatible analysis and application as a modified release carrier of ticagrelor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16:015023. [PMID: 33027771 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abbf05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thiol modification of beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) was carried out using thiourea, which served as a thiol donor. The chemical reaction was mediated using HCl. Polymer prepared via thiolation was further subjected to physicochemical and biocompatible analysis. Acute oral toxicity and compatibility was determined in albino rats. Furthermore, compressed tablets of ticagrelor (TCG) were prepared using modified and unmodified polymers and evaluated via various quality control tests. Thiolation was successfully achieved and confirmed by the FTIR scan, as a significant corresponding peak was observed at 2692 cm-1 wavenumber, demonstrating the attachment of -SH group. In vivo analysis has confirmed the safe use of β-CD, as none of the vital organs showed any kind of toxic effects. Dissolution studies revealed that Tβ-CD was able to release 96.62% of the drug within 1 h of the study, hence providing an immediate release. Conclusively, a thiol moiety was successfully attached to the polymeric backbone and was found safe to be used as a pharmaceutical excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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22
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Yousuf B, Wu S, Gao Y. Characteristics of karaya gum based films: Amelioration by inclusion of Schisandra chinensis oil and its oleogel in the film formulation. Food Chem 2020; 345:128859. [PMID: 33333356 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This research was focused to develop novel karaya gum films, modified by adding Schisandra chinensis oil and its oleogel. The films produced were assessed for physicochemical, mechanical, thermal and structural characteristics. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of control karaya gum films was recorded as 145.70 °C. Insignificant (p < 0.05) changes occurred in Tg of films in which oil was incorporated, irrespective of the concentration. However, Tg decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as oleogel was added to the karaya gum films and lowest Tg occurred for the KGOG3 films which contained highest concentration of oleogel. X-ray diffraction test depicted an obsolete amorphous behavior of control karaya gum film whereas some peaks appeared in other film samples. Scanning electron micrography (SEM) revealed a reduction in roughness and grainy morphology when oil or oleogel was added to the films. Addition of oil/oleogel enhanced the phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Yousuf
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shimin Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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23
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Patra S, Bala NN, Nandi G. Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of sodium carboxymethyl-okra-gum-grafted-polymethacrylamide into sustained release tablet matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3885-3900. [PMID: 32910964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to modify okra gum (Abelmoschus esculentus) by carboxymethylation and subsequent graft-copolymerization, characterize and fabricate into sustained-release tablet matrix. Firstly, okra gum was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide and monochloroacetic acid followed by grafting with polymethacrylamide employing synergistic combination of free-radical-initiator and microwave-irradiation. The FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis and viscosity study corroborate the formation of sodium-carboxymethyl-okra gum-grafted-polymethacrylamide copolymer (SCMOG-g-PMA). The maximum degree of carboxymethyl-substitution (DCS) and % grafting (%G) were found to be 0.604 ± 0.011 and 644.1, respectively. Water-uptake-capacity was found to increase by 3.5 fold. The tablet formulation of diclofenac sodium with SCMOG-g-PMA (DCS 0.604 and 423.4% G) showed to exhibit excellent sustained-release capacity with 90% drug-release at 11.7 h and similarity-factor of 72.0. The toxicity and biodegradability study also exhibited the bio-compatible and biodegradable nature of the copolymer, which might make the copolymer suitable for sustained-release drug delivery systems as smart semi-synthetic biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Patra
- BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78, Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Barasat, Kolkata 700127, India
| | - Nripendra Nath Bala
- BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78, Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Barasat, Kolkata 700127, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. - Darjeeling, West Bengal Pin - 734013, India.
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24
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Puri V, Sharma A, Kumar P, Singh I. Thiolation of Biopolymers for Developing Drug Delivery Systems with Enhanced Mechanical and Mucoadhesive Properties: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1803. [PMID: 32796741 PMCID: PMC7464630 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are extensively used for developing drug delivery systems as they are easily available, economical, readily modified, nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Thiolation is a well reported approach for enhancing mucoadhesive and mechanical properties of polymers. In the present review article, for the modification of biopolymers different thiolation methods and evaluation/characterization techniques have been discussed in detail. Reported literature on thiolated biopolymers with enhanced mechanical and mucoadhesive properties has been presented conspicuously in text as well as in tabular form. Patents filed by researchers on thiolated polymers have also been presented. In conclusion, thiolation is an easily reproducible and efficient method for customization of mucoadhesive and mechanical properties of biopolymers for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.P.); (A.S.)
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.P.); (A.S.)
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.P.); (A.S.)
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25
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Freitas AAR, Ribeiro AJ, Santos AC, Veiga F, Nunes LCC, Silva DA, Soares-Sobrinho JL, Silva-Filho EC. Sterculia striata gum as a potential oral delivery system for protein drugs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1683-1692. [PMID: 32750476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have been investigated as vehicles for oral insulin administration. Because of their non-toxic, renewable, low cost and readily available properties, gums find multiple applications in the pharmaceutical industry. This work aimed to develop a Sterculia striata gum-based formulation associated with additional biopolymers (dextran sulfate, chitosan, and albumin), a crosslinking agent (calcium chloride) and stabilizing agents (polyethylene glycol and poloxamer 188), to increase the oral bioavailability of proteins. Insulin was used as a model drug and the methods used to prepare the formulation were based on ionotropic pregelation followed by electrolytic complexation of oppositely charged biopolymers under controlled pH conditions. The developed formulation was characterized to validate its efficacy, by the determination of its average particle size (622 nm), the insulin encapsulation efficiency (70%), stability in storage for 30 days, and the in vitro mucoadhesion strength (92.46 mN). Additionally, the developed formulation preserved about 64% of initial insulin dose in a simulated gastric medium. This study proposed, for the first time, a Sterculia striata gum-based insulin delivery system with potential for the oral administration of protein drugs, being considered a valid alternative for efficient delivery of those drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra A R Freitas
- Postgraduate Program of Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Portugal
| | - Ana Claudia Santos
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Portugal
| | - Livio C C Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Durcilene A Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José L Soares-Sobrinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edson C Silva-Filho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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26
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Okra-Thioglycolic Acid Conjugate—Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation as a Mucoadhesive Polymer. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems relies on the type of polymer used, which becomes adhesive naturally upon hydration. Intended polymers should be able to maintain prolonged contact with biological membranes, and to protect or cater the drug to a prolonged period. Most of the hydro polymers form weak non-covalent bonds, that hinder localization of dosage forms at specific sites resulting in therapeutic inefficiency. This can be overcome by the thiol functionalization of natural polymers. In the present study, natural okra gum (OG) was extracted, followed by thiolation (TOG) and evaluated for mucoadhesion property and its role in enhancing the efficacy of repaglinide as a model drug (short-acting Type II antidiabetic drug). The thiol functionalization of OG (TOG) was confirmed by a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study that showed a polyhedral to a spherical shape that had a rougher surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) studies of TOG indicated a decline in endothermic transition temperature and high crystallinity, respectively, in comparison to OG. CSFR (Crushing Strength: Friability Ratio), weight and thickness variations of repaglinidetablets formulated using TOG were >80% and <2.5% respectively. The highest swelling index (107.89 ± 1.99%) and strong mucoadhesion due to high disulfide bonds were observed for repaglinide TOG tablets in comparison to RG OG tablets. In-vitro release studies indicated a controlled drug release from thiolated formulations proportional to the concentration of thiomers that have a good correlation with in-vivo studies. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated higher AUC (area under the curve), longer t1/2 with thiomers. and Level A IVIV (in vitro in vivo) correlation was established from the bioavailability and dissolution data. Consequently, all the obtained results suggest that thiomers based formulations can be promising drug delivery systems, even in targeting onerous mucosal surfaces like nasal, ocular or vaginal.
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Laha B, Das S, Maiti S, Sen KK. Novel propyl karaya gum nanogels for bosentan: In vitro and in vivo drug delivery performance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:263-272. [PMID: 31059984 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The amphiphilic propyl Karaya gum (KG) with a degree of propyl group substitution of 3.24 was synthesized to design self-assembled nanogels as carriers for bosentan monohydrate, a poorly soluble antihypertensive drug. The drug was physically hosted into the hydrophobic core of the micellar nanogels by solvent evaporation method. TEM images revealed spherical shape and core-shell morphology of the nanogels. Depending upon polymer: drug weight ratio, the drug entrapment efficiency of >85% was attained. The carriers had hydrodynamic diameter in the range of 230-305 nm with narrow size distribution. The zeta potential of -23.0 to -24.9 mV and low critical association concentration (CAC) of 8.32 mg/l provided evidence that the colloidal nanogel system was physically stable. Thermodynamics of the propyl KG system in water favored spontaneous self-assembly of propyl KG. FTIR, thermal and x-ray analyses suggested that the drug was compatible in the hydrophobic confines of the nanogels. The micellar nanogels liberated their contents in simulated gastrointestinal condition in a pH-dependent manner over a period of 10 h. Peppas-Sahlin modeling of in vitro drug release data suggested that the polymer relaxation/swelling mechanism dominated the drug release process. Pre-clinical testing of the mucoadhesive nanogel formulations exhibited that the system could monitor the anti-hypertensive activity for a prolonged period. Overall, this propyl KG micellar nanogel system had a great potential and splendid outlook to serve as novel oral controlled release carriers for poorly soluble drugs with outstanding pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol, 713301, West Bengal, India(1)
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol, 713301, West Bengal, India(1)
| | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India.
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol, 713301, West Bengal, India(1)
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Smart karaya-locust bean gum hydrogel particles for the treatment of hypertension: Optimization by factorial design and pre-clinical evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:274-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cao TL, Song KB. Active gum karaya/Cloisite Na+ nanocomposite films containing cinnamaldehyde. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Padil VVT, Wacławek S, Černík M, Varma RS. Tree gum-based renewable materials: Sustainable applications in nanotechnology, biomedical and environmental fields. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1984-2016. [PMID: 30165173 PMCID: PMC6209323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prospective uses of tree gum polysaccharides and their nanostructures in various aspects of food, water, energy, biotechnology, environment and medicine industries, have garnered a great deal of attention recently. In addition to extensive applications of tree gums in food, there are substantial non-food applications of these commercial gums, which have gained widespread attention due to their availability, structural diversity and remarkable properties as 'green' bio-based renewable materials. Tree gums are obtainable as natural polysaccharides from various tree genera possessing exceptional properties, including their renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature and their ability to undergo easy chemical modifications. This review focuses on non-food applications of several important commercially available gums (arabic, karaya, tragacanth, ghatti and kondagogu) for the greener synthesis and stabilization of metal/metal oxide NPs, production of electrospun fibers, environmental bioremediation, bio-catalysis, biosensors, coordination complexes of metal-hydrogels, and for antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Furthermore, polysaccharides acquired from botanical, seaweed, animal, and microbial origins are briefly compared with the characteristics of tree gum exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod V T Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Water Resource Recovery Branch, Water Systems Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 483, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Bidarakatte Krishnappa P, Badalamoole V. Karaya gum-graft-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) gel: An efficient adsorbent for removal of ionic dyes from water. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:997-1007. [PMID: 30201563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel hydrogel based on the polysaccharide, 'Karaya gum' has been synthesised by graft copolymerization and evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of ionic dyes from aqueous solution. The hydrogel was made by simultaneous grafting and cross linking of Karaya gum using 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide via microwave irradiation. The graft copolymer gel was characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM techniques. The swelling of the gel studied in buffer media of varying pH revealed a pH responsive behaviour with a maximum swelling in neutral pH and a minimum swelling at pH 1.2. The temperature dependent swelling study indicated 40 °C as the lowest critical solution temperature. Kinetic studies indicated the swelling to be a second order process with Fickian diffusion as the water transport mechanism. The adsorption studies indicated maximum adsorption capacity of 89.28 and 101.42 mg/g towards methylene blue and indigo carmine respectively. The dye adsorption data is found to fit well with pseudo- second order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption was found to be a multistep process with surface adsorption followed by intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamic studies revealed the adsorption of dyes to be spontaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Bidarakatte Krishnappa
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 (DK), Karnataka, India
| | - Vishalakshi Badalamoole
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 (DK), Karnataka, India.
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Naveen NR, Gopinath C, Rao DS. A spotlight on thiolated natural polymers and their relevance in mucoadhesive drug delivery system. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Zaman M, Hanif M, Sultana K, Atta-Ur-Rehman. Synthesis of thiolated arabinoxylan and its application as sustained release mucoadhesive film former. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:025019. [PMID: 29176054 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9d69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to synthesize thiolated arabinoxylan (TAX), and to evaluate its mucoadhesive potential. Synthesis of TAX was accomplished by esterification of arabinoxylan (AX) with thioglycolic acid (TGA). The appearance of a characteristic peak at 2516 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum of TAX, and presence of 6.01 ± 1.03 m moles of thiol per gram of the polymer confirmed successful thiolation of AX. The incorporation of the thiol group considerably promoted mucoadhesive strength of the polymer-viz. 3.99-fold. Moreover, in vivo safety analysis in albino rats revealed TAX to be safe in the concentration range of 750-1000 mg kg-1 body weight. Synthesized TAX was utilized to prepare Tizanidine HCl (TZN HCl) loaded sustained release (SR) mucoadhesive buccal films using a solvent casting technique. Results proved that the prepared films were of uniform thickness, good mechanical strength (with folding endurance >300), acceptable moisture contents (5%-7%) and surface pH (6.23 ± 0.81 to 6.43 ± 0.49) compatible to that of the buccal cavity. Presence of greater that 90% of drug contents indicated the excellent drug loading ability of the prepared films. Results of in vitro dissolution studies and ex vivo permeation studies conducted respectively by USP dissolution apparatus II and Franz diffusion cell indicated that sustained effect of TAX was achieved for 8 h. These results have conclusively proven that TAX has the potential to improve the bioavailability of TZN HCl due to enhanced mucoadhesion in buccal cavity, hence signifying its suitability as a mucoadhesive buccal film former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:604-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Functionalization of Tamarind Gum for Drug Delivery. SPRINGER SERIES ON POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66417-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thiolated citrus low-methoxyl pectin: Synthesis, characterization and rheological and oxidation-responsive gelling properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:964-973. [PMID: 29254061 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, citrus low-methoxyl pectin was modified by conjugating cysteine via amide bonds, and the resultant polymer (CYS-PEC) was characterized. CYS-PEC conjugates with thiol contents varying from 77.8μmol/g to 296μmol/g were synthesized, and the successful conjugation was evidenced by elemental, and FT-IR analyses. The sulfur in CYS-PEC is predominately in the thiol form, with a minor fraction forming disulfide bonds (∼15%), which occur when thiol/disulfide interchange interrupts the intended thiolation. Both native and modified pectin dispersions exhibited strong pseudoplastic properties, and the frequency sweeps revealed them to be dispersions containing microgel particles. Dynamic viscoelastic analysis was used to determine the oxidation-response gelling capacities of polymer dispersions containing H2O2, especially those that are highly thiolated and have cross-linked gel properties. For oxidation-induced CYS-PEC gels, their gelation time, hardness, viscosity and elastic moduli and swelling-disintegration ratio are dependent on the thiol group content, H2O2 concentration and polymer concentration.
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Bera H, Nadimpalli J, Kumar S, Vengala P. Kondogogu gum-Zn+2-pectinate emulgel matrices reinforced with mesoporous silica for intragastric furbiprofen delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1229-1237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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