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Chandrasekaran M, Paramasivan M. Chitosan derivatives act as a bio-stimulants in plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132720. [PMID: 38845257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan has been considered an eco-friendly biopolymer. Chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide composed of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Chitosan has been used as an eco-friendly biopolymer for so many agricultural applications. Unfortunately, the relatively poor solubility and poor antimicrobial properties limit its widespread applications in agriculture sciences. Hence, chitosan derivatives are produced via various chemical approaches such as cross-linking, carboxylation, ionic binding, and so on. As an alternative to chemical fertilizers, chitosan derivatives, chitosan conjugates, nanostructures, semisynthetic derivatives, oligo mixes, chitosan nanoparticles, and chitosan nano-carriers are synthesized for various agricultural applications. Its several chemical and physical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, permeability, cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness make it useful for many agricultural applications. Hence, popularizing its use as an elicitor molecule for different host-pathogen interaction studies. Thus, the versatile and plethora of chitosan derivatives are gaining momentum in agricultural sciences. Bio-stimulant properties and multifunctional benefits are associated with further prospective research. Therefore, in the present review, we decipher the potential pros and cons of chitosan derivatives in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, 209, Neundong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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2
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Wan Yusof WR, Sabar S, Zailani MA. Starch-chitosan blends: A comprehensive review on the preparation, physicochemical properties and applications. Biopolymers 2024:e23602. [PMID: 38816949 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Starch and chitosan, polysaccharides derived from natural sources, have significant potential across various domains. Starch is extracted from starch-bearing plants, such as potatoes, whereas chitosan is obtained from the exoskeletons of marine animals, fungi and insects. However, the original forms of starch and chitosan have several limitations, such as low solubility and weak mechanical strength. Interestingly, the combined effects of starch and chitosan resulted in the development of starch-chitosan blends with markedly improved functional properties. These blends demonstrated high tensile strength, improved hydrophilicity and increased adsorption capacity. Furthermore, modification of starch-chitosan blends by techniques such as crosslinking and incorporation of other functional materials contributes to diverse characteristics and functionalities. This review addresses a crucial gap in the literature by providing an overview and up-to-date analysis of starch-chitosan blends. The preparation methods and functional properties of these blends in various forms, such as films, beads and hydrogels, have been extensively discussed. Emphasis is placed on the versatile applications of these blends in research, development and industries such as pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, agriculture and food technology. This review aims to provide an insightful overview of starch-chitosan blends and stimulate broader interdisciplinary research interests. By providing concluding insights and prospects, this review highlights the potential for further exploration of the impact of starch-chitosan blends on consumers and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Roslina Wan Yusof
- Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education (SDE), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sumiyyah Sabar
- Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education (SDE), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Alhafiizh Zailani
- Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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3
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El-Naggar NEA, Shiha AM, Mahrous H, Mohammed ABA. A sustainable green-approach for biofabrication of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization, its antifungal activity against phytopathogenic Fusarium culmorum and antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11336. [PMID: 38760441 PMCID: PMC11101436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and mucoadhesive polymer. It also has a broad spectrum of applications such as agriculture, medical fields, cosmetics and food industries. In this investigation, chitosan nanoparticles were produced by an aqueous extract of Cympopogon citratus leaves as a reducing agent. According to the SEM and TEM micrographs, CNPs had a spherical shape, and size ranging from 8.08 to 12.01 nm. CNPs have a positively charged surface with a Zeta potential of + 26 mV. The crystalline feature of CNPs is determined by X-ray diffraction. There are many functional groups, including C꞊C, CH2-OH, C-O, C-S, N-H, CN, CH and OH were detected by FTIR analysis. As shown by the thermogravimetric study, CNPs have a high thermal stability. For the optimization of the green synthesis of CNPs, a Face centered central composite design (FCCCD) with 30 trials was used. The maximum yield of CNPs (13.99 mg CNPs/mL) was produced with chitosan concentration 1.5%, pH 4.5 at 40 °C, and incubation period of 30 min. The antifungal activity of CNPs was evaluated against phytopathogenic fungus; Fusarium culmorum. A 100% rate of mycelial growth inhibition was gained by the application of 20 mg CNPs/mL. The antitumor activity of the green synthesized CNPs was examined using 6 different cell lines, the viability of the cells reduced when the concentration of green synthesized CNPs increased, the IC50 dose of the green synthesized CNPs on the examined cell lines HePG-2, MCF-7, HCT-116, PC-3, Hela and WI-38 was 36.25 ± 2.3, 31.21 ± 2.2, 67.45 ± 3.5, 56.30 ± 3.3, 44.62 ± 2.6 and 74.90 ± 3.8; respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Alaa M Shiha
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Hoda Mahrous
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - A B Abeer Mohammed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Hafeez R, Guo J, Ahmed T, Ibrahim E, Ali MA, Rizwan M, Ijaz M, An Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Li B. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals the toxicity and mechanistic insights of bioformulated chitosan nanoparticles against Magnaporthe oryzae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141904. [PMID: 38582174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Rice blast, an extremely destructive disease caused by the filamentous fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a global threat to the production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The emerging trend of reducing dependence on chemical fungicides for crop protection has increased interest in exploring bioformulated nanomaterials as a sustainable alternative antimicrobial strategy for effectively managing plant diseases. Herein, we used physiomorphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic methods to investigate the toxicity and molecular action mechanisms of moringa-chitosan nanoparticles (M-CNPs) against M. oryzae. Our results demonstrate that M-CNPs exhibit direct antifungal properties by impeding the growth and conidia formation of M. oryzae in a concentration-dependent manner. Propidium iodide staining indicated concentration-dependent significant apoptosis (91.33%) in the fungus. Ultrastructural observations revealed complete structural damage in fungal cells treated with 200 mg/L M-CNPs, including disruption of the cell wall and destruction of internal organelles. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the intricate mechanism underlying the toxicity of M-CNPs against M. oryzae. The transcriptomics data indicated that exposure to M-CNPs disrupted various processes integral to cell membrane biosynthesis, aflatoxin biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, and nuclear integrity in M. oryzae., emphasizing the interaction between M-CNPs and fungal cells. Similarly, metabolomic profiling demonstrated that exposure to M-CNPs significantly altered the levels of several key metabolites involved in the integral components of metabolic pathways, microbial metabolism, histidine metabolism, citrate cycle, and lipid and protein metabolism in M. oryzae. Overall, these findings demonstrated the potent antifungal action of M-CNPs, with a remarkable impact at the physiological and molecular level, culminating in substantial apoptotic-like fungal cell death. This research provides a novel perspective on investigating bioformulated nanomaterials as antifungal agents for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahila Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ezzeldin Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Md Arshad Ali
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qianli An
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Yang H, Liu Y, Wen F, Yan X, Zhang Y, Zhong Z. Preparation, characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of benzoic acid compounds grafted onto chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129096. [PMID: 38159699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The current study created three novel chitosan derivatives named BACS, PIBACS, and MHBACS by grafting benzoic acid (BA), p-isopropyl benzoic acid (PIBA), and m-hydroxybenzoic acid (MHBA) onto chitosan (CS). The structures of the derivatives were investigated using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The derivatives were discovered to be 45.06 %-60.49 % substituted using elemental analysis (EA). Based on the findings of in vitro antioxidant experiments (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity), all of the derivatives had a higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than the chitosan raw material. MHBACS scavenged (31.02 ± 0.90)% of hydroxyl radicals at 0.5 mg/mL, 28.69 % more than chitosan raw. The derivatives scavenged more superoxide anion radicals than the chitosan feedstock at a particular concentration. For instance, at a test dose of 0.2 mg/mL, the scavenging rate of MHBACS on superoxide anion radicals was 7.75 % greater than that of chitosan raw materials. DPPH radical scavenging activity, on the other hand, was not as competent as chitosan feedstock. The growth rate approach was used to assess the potential of the three derivatives to inhibit the development of four phytopathogenic fungi. Chitosan derivatives have better antifungal efficacy than chitosan raw materials. PIBACS, MHBACS, BACS, and Wuyiencin inhibited Phytophthora capsici by (98.03 ± 1.95)%, (81.73 ± 1.63)%, (66.38 ± 1.81)%, and (93.01 ± 2.69)%, respectively, at 1.0 mg/mL. PIBACS had a higher inhibitory impact on Phytophthora capsici than the positive control. Based on the evidence presented above, it is reasonable to conclude that the addition of benzoic acid molecules increased the antioxidant and antifungal capabilities of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Yang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Fang Wen
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhimei Zhong
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Hohhot 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Kotb E, Alabdalall AH, Alghamdi AI, Ababutain IM, Aldakeel SA, Al-Zuwaid SK, Algarudi BM, Algarudi SM, Ahmed AA, Albarrag AM. Screening for chitin degrading bacteria in the environment of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the most potent chitinase from Streptomyces variabilis Am1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11723. [PMID: 37474592 PMCID: PMC10359409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-six promising chitinolytic isolates were recovered during a screening for chitinolytic bacteria in the environment of Saudi Arabia. The top three isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Streptomyces variabilis Am1 was able to excrete the highest amount of chitinases, reaching the maximum at 84 h with 0.5% yeast extract and nitrogen source and 2% galactose as a carbon source. Purification of chitinase by DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G75 improved the specific activity to 18.6-fold and the recovery to 23.8% and showed a mass at 56 kDa. The optimal catalysis of the purified chitinase was at 40 °C and pH 8 with high thermostability and pH stability as reflected by a midpoint temperature value of 66.6 °C and stability at pH 4-9. The protein reagents SDS, EDTA, and EGTA significantly inhibited the enzyme and the EDTA-chelated chitinase restored its activity after the addition of Fe2+ ions suggesting a metallo-chitinase type with ferric ions as cofactors. Chitinase exerted high antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. Interestingly, the tested Streptomyces were able to produce chitosan nanocubes along with chitosan from chitin degradation which may be an additional power in their antifungal activity in nature. This work also reveals the importance of unexplored environments as a pool of promising microorganisms with biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amira H Alabdalall
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah I Alghamdi
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtisam M Ababutain
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh A Aldakeel
- The National Center for Genomic Technology (NCGT), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Genomic of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa K Al-Zuwaid
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batool M Algarudi
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakina M Algarudi
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A Ahmed
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Commerce, Al-Azhar University (Girls' Branch), P.O. Box 11751, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Albarrag
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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El-Naggar NEA, Eltarahony M, Hafez EE, Bashir SI. Green fabrication of chitosan nanoparticles using Lavendula angustifolia, optimization, characterization and in‑vitro antibiofilm activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11127. [PMID: 37429892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising polymeric nanoparticles with exceptional physicochemical, antimicrobial and biological characteristics. The CNPs are preferred for a wide range of applications in the food industry, cosmetics, agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical fields due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendliness, and non-toxicity. In the current study, a biologically based approach was used to biofabricate CNPs using an aqueous extract of Lavendula angustifolia leaves as a reducing agent. The TEM images show that the CNPs were spherical in shape and ranged in size from 7.24 to 9.77 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups, including C-H, C-O, CONH2, NH2, C-OH and C-O-C. The crystalline nature of CNPs is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that CNPs are thermally stable. The CNPs' surface is positively charged and has a Zeta potential of 10 mV. For optimising CNPs biofabrication, a face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) with 50 experiments was used. The artificial intelligence-based approach was used to analyse, validate, and predict CNPs biofabrication. The optimal conditions for maximum CNPs biofabrication were theoretically determined using the desirability function and experimentally verified. The optimal conditions that maximize CNPs biofabrication (10.11 mg/mL) were determined to be chitosan concentration 0.5%, leaves extract 75%, and initial pH 4.24. The antibiofilm activity of CNPs was evaluated in‑vitro. The results show that 1500 μg/mL of CNPs suppressed P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans biofilm formation by 91.83 ± 1.71%, 55.47 ± 2.12% and 66.4 ± 1.76%; respectively. The promising results of the current study in biofilm inhibition by necrotizing biofilm architecture, reducing its significant constituents and inhibiting microbial cell proliferation encourage their use as natural biosafe and biocompatible anti-adherent coating in antibiofouling membranes, medical bandage/tissues and food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Shimaa I Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Román-Doval R, Torres-Arellanes SP, Tenorio-Barajas AY, Gómez-Sánchez A, Valencia-Lazcano AA. Chitosan: Properties and Its Application in Agriculture in Context of Molecular Weight. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2867. [PMID: 37447512 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring compound that can be obtained from deacetylated chitin, which is obtained from various sources such as fungi, crustaceans, and insects. Commercially, chitosan is produced from crustaceans. Based on the range of its molecular weight, chitosan can be classified into three different types, namely, high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC, >700 kDa), medium molecular weight chitosan (MMWC, 150-700 kDa), and low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC, less than 150 kDa). Chitosan shows several properties that can be applied in horticultural crops, such as plant root growth enhancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Nevertheless, these properties depend on its molecular weight (MW) and acetylation degree (DD). Therefore, this article seeks to extensively review the properties of chitosan applied in the agricultural sector, classifying them in relation to chitosan's MW, and its use as a material for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Román-Doval
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Etla, Oaxaca 68230, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo Y Tenorio-Barajas
- Faculty of Physical Mathematical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Sánchez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Etla, Oaxaca 68230, Mexico
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Ibrahim MA, Alhalafi MH, Emam EAM, Ibrahim H, Mosaad RM. A Review of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanofiber: Preparation, Characterization, and Its Potential Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2820. [PMID: 37447465 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is produced by deacetylating the abundant natural chitin polymer. It has been employed in a variety of applications due to its unique solubility as well as its chemical and biological properties. In addition to being biodegradable and biocompatible, it also possesses a lot of reactive amino side groups that allow for chemical modification and the creation of a wide range of useful derivatives. The physical and chemical characteristics of chitosan, as well as how it is used in the food, environmental, and medical industries, have all been covered in a number of academic publications. Chitosan offers a wide range of possibilities in environmentally friendly textile processes because of its superior absorption and biological characteristics. Chitosan has the ability to give textile fibers and fabrics antibacterial, antiviral, anti-odor, and other biological functions. One of the most well-known and frequently used methods to create nanofibers is electrospinning. This technique is adaptable and effective for creating continuous nanofibers. In the field of biomaterials, new materials include nanofibers made of chitosan. Numerous medications, including antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, proteins, and analgesics for inflammatory pain, have been successfully loaded onto electro-spun nanofibers, according to recent investigations. Chitosan nanofibers have several exceptional qualities that make them ideal for use in important pharmaceutical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, wound dressing, and enzyme immobilization. The preparation of chitosan nanofibers, followed by a discussion of the biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofibers, followed by a description of how to load the drug into the nanofibers, are the first issues highlighted by this review of chitosan nanofibers in drug delivery applications. The main uses of chitosan nanofibers in drug delivery systems will be discussed last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan A Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mona H Alhalafi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Amir M Emam
- Faculty of Applied Arts, Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing Department, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ibrahim
- Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Mosaad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Zhang Z, Yang N, Yu J, Jin S, Shen G, Chen H, Yuzhen N, Xiang D, Qian K. Research Progress of a Pesticide Polymer-Controlled Release System Based on Polysaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2810. [PMID: 37447458 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of the nanomaterials discipline, many new pesticide drug-carrying systems-such as pesticide nano-metal particles, nano-metal oxides, and other drug-carrying materials-had been developed and applied to pesticide formulations. Although these new drug-loading systems are relatively friendly to the environment, the direct exposure of many metal nanoparticles to the environment will inevitably lead to potential effects. In response to these problems, organic nanomaterials have been rapidly developed due to their high-quality biodegradation and biocompatibility. Most of these organic nanomaterials were mainly polysaccharide materials, such as chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, β-cyclodextrin, cellulose, starch, guar gum, etc. Some of these materials could be used to carry inorganic materials to develop a temperature- or pH-sensitive pesticide drug delivery system. Herein, the pesticide drug-carrying system developed based on polysaccharide materials, such as chitosan, was referred to as the pesticide polymer drug-carrying system based on polysaccharide materials. This kind of drug-loading system could be used to protect the pesticide molecules from harsh environments, such as pH, light, temperature, etc., and was used to develop the function of a sustained release, targeted release of pesticides in the intestine of insects, and achieve the goal of precise application, reduction, and efficiency of pesticides. In this review, the recent progress in the field of polysaccharide-based polymer drug delivery systems for pesticides has been discussed, and suggestions for future development were proposed based on the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ni Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hanqiu Chen
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Nima Yuzhen
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Popescu M, Ungureanu C. Green Nanomaterials for Smart Textiles Dedicated to Environmental and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114075. [PMID: 37297209 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles recently reaped significant attention owing to their potential applications in various fields, such as environmental and biomedical monitoring. Integrating green nanomaterials into smart textiles can enhance their functionality and sustainability. This review will outline recent advancements in smart textiles incorporating green nanomaterials for environmental and biomedical applications. The article highlights green nanomaterials' synthesis, characterization, and applications in smart textile development. We discuss the challenges and limitations of using green nanomaterials in smart textiles and future perspectives for developing environmentally friendly and biocompatible smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Popescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Ungureanu
- General Chemistry Department, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu Street, 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Yin L, Yuan L, Peng C, Wang Q. Assessment and evaluation of Chitosan-Metamizole nanoparticles for the fracture healing and analgesic effect: Preclinical study in rat model. IET Nanobiotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37095723 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess and evaluate Chitosan-Metamizole nanoparticles for fracture healing and analgesic potential, nanoparticles were formulated using the ionotropic gelation method. The nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, loading efficiency, surface characteristics and drug release properties. The analgesic activity was determined in carrageenan-induced arthritic male Wister rats. Further fracture healing potency, mechanical testing, radiographic examination and bone histology of the femur were studied. The drug loading efficiency of 11.38%-17.45%, particle size of 140-220 nm, and zeta potential of 19.12-23.14 mV were observed with a spherical, smooth appearance. Nanoparticles showed sustained release behaviour over a longer period. Nearly 4-fold inhibition of oedema was observed in animals treated with nanoparticles with excellent fracture healing potential. The femurs treated with nanoparticles required greater force to fracture. Nanoparticles significantly improved the strength and healing process. Histopathological studies showed the potential of nanoparticles in the healing process. The study confirmed the potential of nanoparticles in fracture healing and enhancement of analgesic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO.6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qionghua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
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13
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Polyakov V, Bauer T, Butova V, Minkina T, Rajput VD. Nanoparticles-Based Delivery Systems for Salicylic Acid as Plant Growth Stimulator and Stress Alleviation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1637. [PMID: 37111860 PMCID: PMC10146285 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The population growth tendency leads to an increase in demand for food products, and in particular, products obtained from the processing of plants. However, there are issues of biotic and abiotic stresses that can significantly reduce crop yields and escalate the food crisis. Therefore, in recent years, the development of new methods of plant protection became an important task. One of the most promising ways to protect plants is to treat them with various phytohormones. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the regulators of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling pathways. These mechanisms are able to protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses by increasing the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes. However, salicylic acid in high doses can act as an antagonist and have the negative rebound effect of inhibition of plant growth and development. To maintain optimal SA concentrations in the long term, it is necessary to develop systems for the delivery and slow release of SA in plants. The purpose of this review is to summarize and study methods of delivery and controlled release of SA in a plant. Various carriers-based nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from both organic and inorganic compounds, their chemical structure, impacts on plants, advantages, and disadvantages are comprehensively discussed. The mechanisms of controlled release of SA and the effects of the use of the considered composites on the growth and development of plants are also described. The present review will be helpful to design or fabricate NPs and NPs-based delivery systems for salicylic acid-controlled release and better understating of the mechanism of SA-NPs interaction to alleviate stress on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Polyakov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Bauer
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vera Butova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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14
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El-Naggar NEA, Dalal SR, Zweil AM, Eltarahony M. Artificial intelligence-based optimization for chitosan nanoparticles biosynthesis, characterization and in‑vitro assessment of its anti-biofilm potentiality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4401. [PMID: 36928367 PMCID: PMC10019797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising biopolymeric nanoparticles with excellent physicochemical, antimicrobial, and biological properties. CNPs have a wide range of applications due to their unique characteristics, including plant growth promotion and protection, drug delivery, antimicrobials, and encapsulation. The current study describes an alternative, biologically-based strategy for CNPs biosynthesis using Olea europaea leaves extract. Face centered central composite design (FCCCD), with 50 experiments was used for optimization of CNPs biosynthesis. The artificial neural network (ANN) was employed for analyzing, validating, and predicting CNPs biosynthesis using Olea europaea leaves extract. Using the desirability function, the optimum conditions for maximum CNPs biosynthesis were determined theoretically and verified experimentally. The highest experimental yield of CNPs (21.15 mg CNPs/mL) was obtained using chitosan solution of 1%, leaves extract solution of 100%, initial pH 4.47, and incubation time of 60 min at 53.83°C. The SEM and TEM images revealed that CNPs had a spherical form and varied in size between 6.91 and 11.14 nm. X-ray diffraction demonstrates the crystalline nature of CNPs. The surface of the CNPs is positively charged, having a Zeta potential of 33.1 mV. FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups including C-H, C-O, CONH2, NH2, C-OH and C-O-C. The thermogravimetric investigation indicated that CNPs are thermally stable. The CNPs were able to suppress biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1500 µg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of biofilm formation was associated with suppression of metabolic activity, protein/exopolysaccharide moieties, and hydrophobicity of biofilm encased cells (r ˃ 0.9, P = 0.00). Due to their small size, in the range of 6.91 to 11.14 nm, CNPs produced using Olea europaea leaves extract are promising for applications in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, in addition to their potential application in controlling multidrug-resistant microorganisms, especially those associated with post COVID-19 pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa R Dalal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M Zweil
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
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15
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Tarakanov R, Shagdarova B, Lyalina T, Zhuikova Y, Il’ina A, Dzhalilov F, Varlamov V. Protective Properties of Copper-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles against Soybean Pathogens Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051100. [PMID: 36904341 PMCID: PMC10007554 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are a valuable food product, containing 40% protein and a large percentage of unsaturated fatty acids ranging from 17 to 23%. Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea (Psg) and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) are harmful bacterial pathogens of soybean. The bacterial resistance of soybean pathogens to existing pesticides and environmental concerns requires new approaches to control bacterial diseases. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible and low-toxicity biopolymer with antimicrobial activity that is promising for use in agriculture. In this work, a chitosan hydrolysate and its nanoparticles with copper were obtained and characterized. The antimicrobial activity of the samples against Psg and Cff was studied using the agar diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The samples of chitosan and copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Cu2+ChiNPs) significantly inhibited bacterial growth and were not phytotoxic at the concentrations of the MIC and MBC values. The protective properties of chitosan hydrolysate and copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against soybean bacterial diseases were tested on plants in an artificial infection. It was demonstrated that the Cu2+ChiNPs were the most effective against Psg and Cff. Treatment of pre-infected leaves and seeds demonstrated that the biological efficiencies of (Cu2+ChiNPs) were 71% and 51% for Psg and Cff, respectively. Copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles are promising as an alternative treatment for bacterial blight and bacterial tan spot and wilt in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashit Tarakanov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Balzhima Shagdarova
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Lyalina
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Zhuikova
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Il’ina
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fevzi Dzhalilov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Varlamov
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (V.V.)
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16
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Dutta P, Kumari A, Mahanta M, Upamanya G, Heisnam P, Borua S, Kaman PK, Mishra AK, Mallik M, Muthukrishnan G, Sabarinathan KG, Puzari KR, Vijayreddy D. Nanotechnological approaches for management of soil-borne plant pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136233. [PMID: 36875565 PMCID: PMC9981975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil borne pathogens are significant contributor of plant yield loss globally. The constraints in early diagnosis, wide host range, longer persistence in soil makes their management cumbersome and difficult. Therefore, it is crucial to devise innovative and effective management strategy to combat the losses caused by soil borne diseases. The use of chemical pesticides is the mainstay of current plant disease management practices that potentially cause ecological imbalance. Nanotechnology presents a suitable alternative to overcome the challenges associated with diagnosis and management of soil-borne plant pathogens. This review explores the use of nanotechnology for the management of soil-borne diseases using a variety of strategies, such as nanoparticles acting as a protectant, as carriers of actives like pesticides, fertilizers, antimicrobials, and microbes or by promoting plant growth and development. Nanotechnology can also be used for precise and accurate detection of soil-borne pathogens for devising efficient management strategy. The unique physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles allow greater penetration and interaction with biological membrane thereby increasing its efficacy and releasability. However, the nanoscience specifically agricultural nanotechnology is still in its toddler stage and to realize its full potential, extensive field trials, utilization of pest crop host system and toxicological studies are essential to tackle the fundamental queries associated with development of commercial nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Dutta
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Arti Kumari
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Madhusmita Mahanta
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Gunadhya Kr Upamanya
- Sarat Chandra Singha (SCS) College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Dhubri, India
| | - Punabati Heisnam
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Pasighat, India
| | - Sarodee Borua
- Krishi Vigya Kendra (KVK)-Tinsukia, Assam Agricultural University, Tinsukia, India
| | - Pranjal K. Kaman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - A. K. Mishra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Meenakshi Mallik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Centre for Integrated Pest management (ICAR-NCIPM), Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Gomathy Muthukrishnan
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Tuticorin, India
| | - Kuttalingam G. Sabarinathan
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Tuticorin, India
| | - Krishti Rekha Puzari
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
| | - Dumpapenchala Vijayreddy
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Imphal, India
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17
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Biocontrol of Fusarium equiseti using chitosan nanoparticles combined with Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Penicillium polonicum. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:5. [PMID: 36747259 PMCID: PMC9903466 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A safe and ecofriendly biocontrol of pathogenic Fusarium equiseti was developed based on chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) combined with Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Penicillium polonicum. Two strains of F. equiseti which were isolated from wilting tomato plant as well as three antagonistic fungi including Trichoderma longibrachiatum and two strains of Penicillium polonicum were isolated from the surrounding soil. All the isolated pathogenic and antagonistic fungi were identified using genomic DNA sequences. The antifungal activity of the three antagonistic fungi were studied against the two strains of F. equiseti. Also, CNPs which were prepared according to the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate anions in acetic acid solution were used to enhance the antifungal activity of the three antagonistic fungi. The results exhibit that, combination of T. longibrachiatum with CNPs and P. polonicum with CNPs achieve high antifungal activity against F. equiseti by an inhibition rate equal to 71.05% and 66.7%, respectively.
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18
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Kongala SI, Mamidala P. Harpin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles induced defense responses in tobacco. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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19
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El-Naggar NEA, Bashir SI, Rabei NH, Saber WIA. Innovative biosynthesis, artificial intelligence-based optimization, and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles by Streptomyces microflavus and their inhibitory potential against Pectobacterium carotovorum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21851. [PMID: 36528632 PMCID: PMC9759534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial-based strategy in nanotechnology offers economic, eco-friendly, and biosafety advantages over traditional chemical and physical protocols. The current study describes a novel biosynthesis protocol for chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), employing a pioneer Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-83, which exhibited a significant potential for CNPs biosynthesis. It was identified as Streptomyces microflavus strain NEAE-83 based on morphological, and physiological properties as well as the 16S rRNA sequence (GenBank accession number: MG384964). CNPs were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDXS, zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC. CNPs biosynthesis was maximized using a mathematical model, face-centered central composite design (CCFCD). The highest yield of CNPs (9.41 mg/mL) was obtained in run no. 27, using an initial pH of 5.5, 1% chitosan, 40 °C, and a 12 h incubation period. Innovatively, the artificial neural network (ANN), was used for validating and predicting CNPs biosynthesis based on the trials data of CCFCD. Despite the high precision degree of both models, ANN was supreme in the prediction of CNPs biosynthesis compared to CCFCD. ANN had a higher prediction efficacy and, lower error values (RMSE, MDA, and SSE). CNPs biosynthesized by Streptomyces microflavus strain NEAE-83 showed in-vitro antibacterial activity against Pectobacterium carotovorum, which causes the potato soft rot. These results suggested its potential application for controlling the destructive potato soft rot diseases. This is the first report on the biosynthesis of CNPs using a newly isolated; Streptomyces microflavus strain NEAE-83 as an eco-friendly approach and optimization of the biosynthesis process by artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Shimaa I. Bashir
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Nashwa H. Rabei
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - WesamEldin I. A. Saber
- grid.418376.f0000 0004 1800 7673Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619 Egypt
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20
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Soroush F, Varma RS. Nano/microencapsulation of plant biocontrol agents by chitosan, alginate, and other important biopolymers as a novel strategy for alleviating plant biotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1589-1604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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El-Naggar NEA, Shiha AM, Mahrous H, Mohammed ABA. Green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization and antibacterial efficacy against multi drug resistant biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19869. [PMID: 36400832 PMCID: PMC9674591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising versatile cationic polymeric nanoparticles, which have received growing interest over last few decades. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental safety and non-toxicity of the chitosan nanoparticles makes it preferred for a wide range of biological applications including agriculture, medical and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, CNPs were biosynthesized by aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus Labill fresh leaves as bio-reductant. Box-Behnken design in 29 experimental runs was used for optimization of different factors affecting the production of CNPs. The maximum yield of CNPs was 9.91 mg/mL at pH of 4.5, chitosan concentration of 1%, incubation time of 60 min and temperature of 50 °C. The crystallinity, particle size and morphology of the biosynthesized CNPs were characterized. The CNPs possess a positively charged surface of 31.1 mV. The SEM images of the CNPs confirms the formation of spherical form with smooth surface. The TEM images show CNPs were spherical in shape and their size range was between 6.92 and 10.10 nm. X-ray diffraction indicates the high degree of CNPs crystallinity. FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups of organic compounds including NH, NH2, C-H, C-O, C-N, O-H, C-C, C-OH and C-O-C. The thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that CNPs are thermally stable. The antibacterial activity of CNPs was determined against pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii. The diameters of the inhibition zones were 12, 16 and 30 mm using the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL; respectively. When compared to previous studies, the biosynthesized CNPs produced using an aqueous extract of fresh Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaves have the smallest particle sizes (with a size range between 6.92 and 10.10 nm). Consequently, it is a promising candidate for a diverse range of medical applications and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Alaa M Shiha
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hoda Mahrous
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - A B Abeer Mohammed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
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22
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Ali LM, Ahmed AEAE, Hasan HE, Suliman AEE, Saleh SS. Quality characteristics of strawberry fruit following a combined treatment of laser sterilization and guava leaf-based chitosan nanoparticle coating. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE 2022; 9:80. [DOI: 10.1186/s40538-022-00343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Strawberry fruit is a rich source of antioxidants that are beneficial for human health. However, the rapid decline of strawberries dramatically reduces the shelf life and raises postharvest losses. To develop an efficient and ecological approach for maintaining the quality, strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa, cv. Festival) were treated with 0.5% chitosan coating (0.5% Ch), guava leaf-based chitosan nanoparticles coating (Gl-ChNps), and a combination treatment of 1.3 mW/cm2 laser light followed by Gl-ChNps coating (combined treatment), then stored for 12 days at 10 °C and 85–90% RH. The untreated fruit served as a control.
Results
Semi-spherical particles with an average size of 21.92 nm, a monodisperse nature, and high solution stability were formed. The findings revealed that the combined treatment completely suppressed fungal decay compared to 50% decay in control, and significantly reduced weight loss percentage to 4.68% compared to 27.35% in control. In accordance, the combined treatment had the maximum anthocyanin content and vitamin C, at 42 and 81.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The results showed that treated strawberries had less change in color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH during storage than untreated strawberries, which exhibited higher chemical changes.
Conclusions
The edible film of chitosan nanoparticles acted as a semi-permeable barrier that modified and restricted gas exchange, reduced water loss, and delayed fruit senescence. In addition, the combination of laser light with chitosan nanoparticles has been shown to control the pathogens and retain the freshness of strawberries.
Graphical Abstract
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Ingle PU, Shende SS, Shingote PR, Mishra SS, Sarda V, Wasule DL, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Rai M, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Gade A. Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs): A versatile growth promoter in modern agricultural production. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chitosan-alginate nanoparticles of cabazitaxel: Design, dual-receptor targeting and efficacy in lung cancer model. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:874-890. [PMID: 36089091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cabazitaxel (CZT) loaded chitosan-alginate based (CSA) nanoparticles were developed with dual targeting functions of both folate receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using ionic gelation technique. The chitosan-folate conjugate was synthesized, and characterized by using FTIR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The physicochemical parameters and morphology of all CSA nanoparticles were examined. The degree of conjugation of folic acid and cetuximab (CTXmab) was determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy and Bradford assay, respectively. Moreover, XPS analysis also supported the presence of the ligands on nanoparticles. The cellular-uptake study performed on A-549 cells demonstrated a significant enhancement in the uptake of dual-receptor targeted CSA nanoparticles than non-targeted and single-receptor targeted CSA nanoparticles. Further, CZT-loaded dual receptors targeted CSA nanoparticles also showed significantly lower IC50 values (~38 folds) than the CZT control against A-549 cells. Further, in-vivo histopathological evaluations of dual receptor-targeted CSA nanoparticles have demonstrated better safety in Wistar rats. Moreover, its treatment on the Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced lung cancer mice model has showed the enhanced anticancer efficacy of CZT with a prolonged survival rate.
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Acay H, Yildirim A, Güney İG, Derviş S. Morchella esculenta‐
based chitosan bionanocomposites: Evaluation as an antifungal agent. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Acay
- Mardin Artuklu University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Mardin Turkey
| | - Ayfer Yildirim
- Mardin Artuklu University Vocational School of Health Services Mardin Turkey
| | - İnci Güler Güney
- Mardin Artuklu University Kızıltepe Vocational High School, Department of Plant and Animal Production Mardin Turkey
| | - Sibel Derviş
- Mardin Artuklu University Kızıltepe Vocational High School, Department of Plant and Animal Production Mardin Turkey
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Chouhan D, Dutta A, Kumar A, Mandal P, Choudhuri C. Application of nickel chitosan nanoconjugate as an antifungal agent for combating Fusarium rot of wheat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14518. [PMID: 36008575 PMCID: PMC9411138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-researchers are endlessly trying to derive a potential biomolecule having antifungal properties in order to replace the application of synthetic fungicides on agricultural fields. Rot disease often caused by Fusarium solani made severe loss of wheat crops every year. Chitosan and its metallic nano-derivatives hold a broad-spectrum antifungal property. Our interdisciplinary study deals with the application of nickel chitosan nanoconjugate (NiCNC) against Fusarium rot of wheat, in comparison with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and commercial fungicide Mancozeb. CNPs and NiCNC were characterized on the basis of UV–Vis spectrophotometry, HR-TEM, FESEM, EDXS and FT-IR. Both CNPs and NiCNC were found effective against the fungal growth, of which NiCNC at 0.04 mg/mL showed complete termination of F. solani grown in suitable medium. Ultrastructural analysis of F. solani conidia treated with NiCNC revealed pronounced damages and disruption of the membrane surface. Fluorescence microscopic study revealed generation of oxidative stress in the fungal system upon NiCNC exposure. Moreover, NiCNC showed reduction in rot disease incidence by 83.33% of wheat seedlings which was further confirmed through the observation of anatomical sections of the stem. NiCNC application helps the seedling to overcome the adverse effect of pathogen, which was evaluated through stress indices attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chouhan
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, WB, 734013, India
| | - Ankita Dutta
- ANMOL Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, WB, 734013, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- ANMOL Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, WB, 734013, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, WB, 734013, India
| | - Chandrani Choudhuri
- Department of Botany, North Bengal St. Xavier's College, Jalpaiguri, WB, 735134, India.
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Karamchandani BM, Maurya PA, Dalvi SG, Waghmode S, Sharma D, Rahman PKSM, Ghormade V, Satpute SK. Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant and Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Fungal Origin Chitosan Against Phytopathogens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:917105. [PMID: 36017342 PMCID: PMC9396382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens pose severe implications in the quantity and quality of food production by instigating several diseases. Biocontrol strategies comprising the application of biomaterials have offered endless opportunities for sustainable agriculture. We explored multifarious potentials of rhamnolipid-BS (RH-BS: commercial), fungal chitosan (FCH), and FCH-derived nanoparticles (FCHNPs). The high-quality FCH was extracted from Cunninghamella echinulata NCIM 691 followed by the synthesis of FCHNPs. Both, FCH and FCHNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). The commercial chitosan (CH) and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) were used along with test compounds (FCH and FCHNPs). SEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the nanomaterials (CHNPs and FCHNPs). NTA provided high-resolution visual validation of particle size distribution for CHNPs (256.33 ± 18.80 nm) and FCHNPs (144.33 ± 10.20 nm). The antibacterial and antifungal assays conducted for RH-BS, FCH, and FCHNPs were supportive to propose their efficacies against phytopathogens. The lower MIC of RH-BS (256 μg/ml) was observed than that of FCH and FCHNPs (>1,024 μg/ml) against Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 5028, whereas a combination study of RH-BS with FCHNPs showed a reduction in MIC up to 128 and 4 μg/ml, respectively, indicating their synergistic activity. The other combination of RH-BS with FCH resulted in an additive effect reducing MIC up to 128 and 256 μg/ml, respectively. Microdilution plate assay conducted for three test compounds demonstrated inhibition of fungi, FI: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 191, FII: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 4432, and FIII: Fusarium graminearum ITCC 5334 (at 0.015% and 0.020% concentration). Furthermore, potency of test compounds performed through the in vitro model (poisoned food technique) displayed dose-dependent (0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015%, and 0.020% w/v) antifungal activity. Moreover, RH-BS and FCHNPs inhibited spore germination (61–90%) of the same fungi. Our efforts toward utilizing the combination of RH-BS with FCHNPs are significant to develop eco-friendly, low cytotoxic formulations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya A. Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sunil G. Dalvi
- Tissue Culture Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Sunil G. Dalvi, ; Surekha K. Satpute,
| | | | - Deepansh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman
- TeeGene and TARA Biologics, Life Science Accelerator, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Surekha K. Satpute
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Sunil G. Dalvi, ; Surekha K. Satpute,
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Mostafa EM, Abdelgawad MA, Musa A, Alotaibi NH, Elkomy MH, Ghoneim MM, Badawy MSEM, Taha MN, Hassan HM, Hamed AA. Chitosan Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Formation Using Endophytic Fungi as Powerful Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Potentialities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050668. [PMID: 35625312 PMCID: PMC9137737 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a new technology with encouraging innovations. Global antibiotic use has grown enormously, with antibiotic resistance increasing by about 80 percent. In view of this alarming situation, intensive research has been carried out into biogenic nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Many methods are available to enhance stability and dispersion via peroration of conjugate with a polymer, such as chitosan, and other bioactive natural products. Two marine fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria sp. via sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In this work, these strains were used to form the conjugation of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Aspergillus sp. Silv2 extract and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Alternaria sp. Gol2 extracts with chitosan to prepare chitosan–AgNPs and chitosan–AuNP conjugates. A variety of imaging and analytical methods, such as UV–vis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize biogenic nanoparticles and conjugates. The biosynthesized Ag and Au nanoparticles along with the prepared conjugates were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both chitosan–AgNP and AuNP showed powerful antimicrobial activities compared to the control. On the other hand, chitosan–AgNP conjugation had better antibacterial ctivity than chitosan–AuNPs, which exhibited moderate activity against S. aureus and very low activity against E. coli. Furthermore, the antibiofilm potentials of the prepared conjugates were tested against four biofilm-forming bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. aureus. The obtained results indicate that the chitosan–AgNP showed a promising anti-biofilm activities on all strains, especially S. aureus, while chitosan–AuNP conjugates showed moderate anti-biofilm against B. subtilis and weak activities against the other three strains. These results showed the superiority of chitosan–AgNP as a promising antibacterial as well as biofilm formation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mona Shaban E. M. Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa N. Taha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62764, Egypt;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- National Research Centre, Microbial Chemistry Department, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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29
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Kumar N. V, Basavegowda VR, Murthy AN, S. L. Synthesis and characterization of copper-chitosan based nanofungicide and its induced defense responses in Fusarium wilt of banana. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2068591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Kumar N.
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Lokesh S.
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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30
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An innovative green synthesis approach of chitosan nanoparticles and their inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3515. [PMID: 35241695 PMCID: PMC8894456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis is a newly emerging field of nanobiotechnology that offers economic and environmental advantages over traditional chemical and physical protocols. Nontoxic, eco-friendly, and biosafe materials are used to implement sustainable processes. The current work proposes a new biological-based strategy for the biosynthesis of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) using Pelargonium graveolens leaves extract. The bioconversion process of CNPs was maximized using the response surface methodology. The best combination of the tested parameters that maximized the biosynthesis process was the incubation of plant extract with 1.08% chitosan at 50.38 °C for 57.53 min., yielding 9.82 ± 3 mg CNPs/mL. Investigation of CNPs by SEM, TEM, EDXS, zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC proved the bioconversion process's success. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of the biosynthesized CNPs was screened against a severe isolate of the phytopathogenic Botrytis cinerea. CNPs exerted efficient activity against the fungal growth. On strawberry leaves, 25 mg CNPs/mL reduced the symptoms of gray mold severity down to 3%. The higher concentration of CNPs (50 mg/mL) was found to have a reverse effect on the infected area compared with those of lower concentrations (12.5 and 25 mg CNPs/mL). Therefore, additional work is encouraged to reduce the harmful side effects of elevated CNPs concentrations.
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31
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Chitosan nanomaterials: A prelim of next-generation fertilizers; existing and future prospects. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Antifungal Activity of Squid Pen Chitosan Nanoparticles against Three Fungal Pathogens in Various Citrus Fruits In Vitro and In Vivo. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have been considered a primary cause of the postharvest losses of citrus fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to find low-cost and high antifungal activity materials for preventing the decay of citrus fruits after harvest. In this study, squid chitosan nanoparticles (SCNs) were prepared from squid pen chitosan and used as a biofungicide against three citrus fungal pathogens in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. The prepared SCNs had a mean size of ca. 56 nm and a high zeta potential of +98.7 eV with a narrow size distribution. At a range of 50–250 ppm, the SCN concentration of 200 ppm exhibited the highest activity in totally inhibiting the growth of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Alternaria alternate, and Penicillium digitatum in in vitro tests where these fungi were isolated from symptomatic fruits and identified. Furthermore, after 12 days of incubation at 30 ± 0.2 °C and high relative humidity in in vivo studies, the infection area of the sample treated at 250 ppm completely suppressed fruit disease symptoms. The results demonstrate that prepared SCNs efficiently control postharvest citrus fruit diseases. These findings recommend applying SCNs as a potential candidate for citrus fruit storage.
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Hoang NH, Le Thanh T, Sangpueak R, Treekoon J, Saengchan C, Thepbandit W, Papathoti NK, Kamkaew A, Buensanteai N. Chitosan Nanoparticles-Based Ionic Gelation Method: A Promising Candidate for Plant Disease Management. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:662. [PMID: 35215574 PMCID: PMC8876194 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
By 2050, population growth and climate change will lead to increased demand for food and water. Nanoparticles (NPs), an advanced technology, can be applied to many areas of agriculture, including crop protection and growth enhancement, to build sustainable agricultural production. Ionic gelation method is a synthesis of microparticles or NPs, based on an electrostatic interaction between opposite charge types that contains at least one polymer under mechanical stirring conditions. NPs, which are commonly based on chitosan (CS), have been applied to many agricultural fields, including nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, and nanoherbicides. The CS-NP or CS-NPs-loaded active ingredients (Cu, saponin, harpin, Zn, hexaconazole, salicylic acid (SA), NPK, thiamine, silicon, and silver (Ag)) are effective in controlling plant diseases and enhancing plant growth, depending on the concentration and application method by direct and indirect mechanisms, and have attracted much attention in the last five years. Many crops have been evaluated in in vivo or in greenhouse conditions but only maize (CS-NP-loaded Cu, Zn, SA, and silicon) and soybean (CS-NP-loaded Cu) were tested for manage post flowering stalk rot, Curvularia leaf spot, and bacterial pustule disease in field condition. Since 2019, five of eight studies have been performed in field conditions that have shown interest in CS-NPs synthesized by the ionic gelation method. In this review, we summarized the current state of research and provided a forward-looking view of the use of CS-NPs in plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Hoang
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.H.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
| | - Toan Le Thanh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam;
| | - Rungthip Sangpueak
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.H.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
| | - Jongjit Treekoon
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (J.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Chanon Saengchan
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.H.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
| | - Wannaporn Thepbandit
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.H.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
| | - Narendra Kumar Papathoti
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.H.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (J.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Natthiya Buensanteai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.H.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
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Mondéjar-López M, Rubio-Moraga A, López-Jimenez AJ, García Martínez JC, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Niza E. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with garlic essential oil: A new alternative to tebuconazole as seed dressing agent. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118815. [PMID: 34893232 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, garlic essential oil (GEO) has been encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (NPCH) with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied to characterize GEO-NPCH. The obtained nanoparticles exhibited a regular distribution and spherical shape with size range of 200-400 nm as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maximum encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of GEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were about 32.8% and 19.8% respectively. Nanoparticle formulations of GEO were found to have antifungal activity against Aspergillus versicolor, A. niger and Fusarium oxysporum. In addition, they showed growth promoting effects by increasing emergence, shoot and root fresh weight on wheat, oat and barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mondéjar-López
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior deIngenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto José López-Jimenez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior deIngenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquin C García Martínez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, C/ José María Sánchez Ibáñez s/n, 02008 Albacete, Spain; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), C/ Almansa 13, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior deIngenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Enrique Niza
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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35
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Chitin Nanocrystals: Environmentally Friendly Materials for the Development of Bioactive Films. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biobased nanomaterials have gained growing interest in recent years for the sustainable development of composite films and coatings, providing new opportunities and high-performance products. In particular, chitin and cellulose nanocrystals offer an attractive combination of properties, including a rod shape, dispersibility, outstanding surface properties, and mechanical and barrier properties, which make these nanomaterials excellent candidates for sustainable reinforcing materials. Until now, most of the research has been focused on cellulose nanomaterials; however, in the last few years, chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) have gained more interest, especially for biomedical applications. Due to their biological properties, such as high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial and antioxidant properties, as well as their superior adhesive properties and promotion of cell proliferation, chitin nanocrystals have emerged as valuable components of composite biomaterials and bioactive materials. This review attempts to provide an overview of the use of chitin nanocrystals for the development of bioactive composite films in biomedical and packaging systems.
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36
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Anusuya S. Chitin Derived Bionanoparticles Evoke Defense Responses in Chickpea: a Cost-effective Strategy for Sustainable Chickpea Production. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Shawky S, El-Shafai NM, El-Mehasseb IM, Shoueir KR, El-Kemary MA. Spectroscopic study of self-assembly of anti-hepatitis C virus sofosbuvir drug with bio-polymeric nanoparticles for improving the drug release effect. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120008. [PMID: 34087770 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of Sofosbuvir drug (SOF) anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) with bio-polymeric nanoparticles such as chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) and polyvinyl alcohol nanoparticles (PVA NPs), the novel composites have been characterized successfully by different analysis such as Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transmittance Infrared (FT-IR). The improvement of the Sofosbuvir effect as a result of loading drug on the bio-polymer NPs surface has been detected by the UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The improvement of SOF efficiency was revealed via studying the drug release of SOF from biopolymers NPs surface at pH 7.4, UV-Vis spectra used for the releasing process. The binding constant (Kb) value was reported at 0.000055 and 0.3613 min-1 for Cs and PVA NPs respectively. Also, the value of KSV was documented at 0.0014 and 7.16 min-1 for Cs@SOF and PVA@SOF hybrid nanocomposite. The incorporation rate (k) of SOF on the surface of biopolymer nano molecules was calculated to be 0.00812 and 0.0165 min-1 for Cs and PVA NPs, respectively. Besides the observed value of (n) was close to the unit 0.74 and 0.86 for Cs and PVA NPs, respectively. The SOF released from Cs NPs surface was documented at 0.09 mg after 24 h, while PVA NPs reported at 0.7 mg at the same time and the release efficiency is 56.5 and 73% for Cs@SOF and PVP@SOF, respectively. From the results, we suggest Cs/SOF and PVA/SOF hybrid nanocomposites have spectroscopic results that make them promising candidate drugs, but need to the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Shawky
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagi M El-Shafai
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim M El-Mehasseb
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Kamel R Shoueir
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Maged A El-Kemary
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Kumar A, Choudhary A, Kaur H, Mehta S, Husen A. Smart nanomaterial and nanocomposite with advanced agrochemical activities. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:156. [PMID: 34664133 PMCID: PMC8523620 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional agriculture solely depends upon highly chemical compounds that have negatively ill-affected the health of every living being and the entire ecosystem. Thus, the smart delivery of desired components in a sustainable manner to crop plants is the primary need to maintain soil health in the upcoming years. The premature loss of growth-promoting ingredients and their extended degradation in the soil increases the demand for reliable novel techniques. In this regard, nanotechnology has offered to revolutionize the agrotechnological area that has the imminent potential over conventional agriculture and helps to reform resilient cropping systems withholding prominent food security for the ever-growing world population. Further, in-depth investigation on plant-nanoparticles interactions creates new avenues toward crop improvement via enhanced crop yield, disease resistance, and efficient nutrient utilization. The incorporation of nanomaterial with smart agrochemical activities and establishing a new framework relevant to enhance efficacy ultimately help to address the social acceptance, potential hazards, and management issues in the future. Here, we highlight the role of nanomaterial or nanocomposite as a sustainable as well stable alternative in crop protection and production. Additionally, the information on the controlled released system, role in interaction with soil and microbiome, the promising role of nanocomposite as nanopesticide, nanoherbicide, nanofertilizer, and their limitations in agrochemical activities are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antul Kumar
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Anuj Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Harmanjot Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Synthesis of Amphotericin B Conjugated Chitosan Nanomaterial From Fish Scales and Evaluation of its Antifungal Activity. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Parthasarathy R, Kumar SP, Rao HCY, Chelliah J. Synthesis of β-Glucan Nanoparticles from Red Algae-Derived β-Glucan for Potential Biomedical Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3983-3995. [PMID: 34542823 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights/demonstrates facile synthesis of β-Glucan nanoparticles (β-GluNPs) that can be used in the prevention of breast cancer and other infectious diseases. Moreover, this method is inexpensive and shows effectivity towards different biological applications. Further, the characterization of synthesized β-GluNPs was exclusively confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The synthesized β-GluNPs were further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The HR-TEM results demonstrated that the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles with a mean size of 20 ± 5 nm. The hydrostatic zeta potential was - 22.7 mV, which indicated their colloidal stability. The XRD pattern revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Besides, β-GluNPs showed better antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens. The apoptosis and DNA fragmentation observed to be IC50 42.5 µg/ml of the β-GluNPs. The DNA fragmentation assay indicated the selective inhibition of the MCF-7 cell line by DNA damage. Hence, the study reports that the β-GluNPs have a potential to be used as a promising alternative drug against human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seetharaman Prabu Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255000, Xincun West Road 266, Zibo, China
| | - H C Yashavantha Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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Gohari G, Zareei E, Kulak M, Labib P, Mahmoudi R, Panahirad S, Jafari H, Mahdavinia G, Juárez-Maldonado A, Lorenzo JM. Improving the Berry Quality and Antioxidant Potential of Flame Seedless Grapes by Foliar Application of Chitosan-Phenylalanine Nanocomposites (CS-Phe NCs). NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092287. [PMID: 34578605 PMCID: PMC8468444 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The production and sustainability of grape berries with high quality and health-promoting properties is a major goal. In this regard, nano-engineered materials are being used for improving the quality and marketability of berries. In this study, we investigated the potential role of chitosan–phenylalanine nanocomposites (CS–Phe NCs) in improving the quality of Flame Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grape berries, such as titratable acidity (TA), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total flavonoids, anthocyanin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. In this context, grape berries collected in two growing seasons (2018–2019) were screened. Regarding the experimental design, the treatments included chitosan at a 0.5% concentration (CS 0.5%), phenylalanine at 5 mM and 10 mM concentrations (Phe 5 mM and Phe 10 mM), and chitosan–phenylalanine nanocomposites (CS–Phe NCs) at 5 mM and 10 mM concentrations. The lowest TA was recorded in grape berries treated with CS–Phe NCs with a 10 mM concentration. However, treatments enhanced with TSS, which reached the highest value with 10 mM of CS–Phe NCs, were reflected as the highest ratio of TSS/TA with 10 mM of CS–Phe NC treatment. Nanocomposites (NCs) also increased pH values in both study years compared to the control. Similarly, the ascorbic acid and total phenolic content increased in response to NP treatment, reaching the highest value with 5 mM and 10 mM of CS–Phe NCs in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The highest flavonoid content was observed with 5 mM of CS–Phe NCs in both study years. In addition, the anthocyanin content increased with 5 and 10 mM of CS–Phe NCs. PAL activity was found to be the highest with 5 mM of CS–Phe NCs in both study years. In addition, in accordance with the increase in PAL activity, increased total phenolics and anthocyanin, and higher DPPH radical scavenging activity of the grapes were recorded with the treatments compared to the control. As deduced from the findings, the coating substantially influenced the metabolic pathway, and the subsequent alterations induced by the treatments were notably appreciated due to there being no adverse impacts perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (A.J.-M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-10175, Iran;
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir 18900, Turkey;
| | - Parisa Labib
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (P.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Roghayeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Sima Panahirad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Hessam Jafari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Gholamreza Mahdavinia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (P.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonio Juárez-Maldonado
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (A.J.-M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (A.J.-M.); (J.M.L.)
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Abid S, Kaliraj L, Rahimi S, Kim YJ, Yang DC, Kang SC, Balusamy SR. Synthesis and characterization of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles acts synergistically to alleviate oxidative stress and increase ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118195. [PMID: 34119162 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is synthesis of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles (GC-Se NPs) and evaluation of oxidative stress and ginsenoside accumulation in P. ginseng C. A. Meyer. We synthesized (Se NPs and GC-Se NPs) and characterized using various spectroscopic analyses. The highest concentration (20 mg L-1) of GC-Se NPs induced moderate ROS (O2- and H2O2) accumulation and upregulation of PgSOD and PgCAT showing good biocompatibility and less toxicity at the highest concentration. Furthermore, ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway genes (PgHMGR, PgSS, PgSE, PgDDS) also showed significant upregulation upon 20 mg L-1 GC-Se NPs treatment. At 20 mg L-1 GC-Se NPs treatment, ginsenoside accumulated upto 217.47 mg/mL and 169.86 mg/mL mainly due to the increased proportion of Rb1 and Re ginsenosides. Altogether, our results suggested that ecofriendly conjugation of GC with Se NPs could be used as a bio fortifier to enhance the ginsenoside profile and to increase the quality of ginseng roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Abid
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalitha Kaliraj
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Shadi Rahimi
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Structure and antimicrobial comparison between N-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives and N-(benzyl) chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:724-734. [PMID: 34273342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) was reacted with seven benzaldehyde analogs separately through reductive amination in which the corresponding imines were formed and followed by reduction to produce N-(benzyl) chitosan (NBCh) derivatives. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the products. The nanoparticles (NPs) of Ch and NBCh derivatives were prepared according to the ionotropic gelation mechanism between Ch products and sodium tripolyphosphate, followed by high-energy ultrasonication. Scanning electron microscopy, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were applied for the NPs examination. The particle size was ranged from 235.17 to 686.90 nm and narrow size distribution (PDI <1). The zeta potential of NPs was varied between -1.26 and -27.50 mV. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, and Ralstonia solanacearum), fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger), and yeast (Candida albicans). The action of NBCh derivatives was significantly higher than Ch. The NPs had considerably higher than the Ch and NBCh derivatives. The activity was directly proportional to the chemical derivatization of Ch and the zeta potential of the NPs. The antimicrobial efficacy of these derivatives formulated in a greener approach could become an alternative to using traditional antimicrobial applications in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Pârlici RM, Maxim A, Mang SM, Camele I, Mihalescu L, Stoian V. Alternative Control of Phragmidium rubi-idaei Infecting Two Rubus Species. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071452. [PMID: 34371655 PMCID: PMC8309269 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic berry plantations have been gaining popularity among farmers during recent years. Even so, farmers experience serious challenges in disease control management, which is a concern in organic farming. Phragmidium rubi-idaei (DC) P. Karst is the pathogen responsible for blackberry and raspberry rust disease, one of the most present and active diseases in plantations. The antifungal certified products found on the organic farming market offer the opportunity for an efficient control strategy over plant pathogens in fruit shrub plantations. In this study, 5 natural based products—namely Altosan, Mimox, Canelys, Zitron, and Zeolite—were tested for their fungistatic effect over P. rubi-idaei. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, performing observations over the impact of organic products, used at different concentration levels, on rust conidia germination. Moreover, field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for rust control on raspberry (‘Polka’, ‘Veten’ and ‘Heritage’) and blackberry (‘Thorn Free’, ‘Chester’ and ‘Loch Ness’) varieties. Data analysis based on ANOVA tests showed significant differences between the tested variants and the control sample at p < 0.001. Furthermore, LSD test confirmed differences between all substances tested (p < 0.005). The natural products Canelys (formulated with cinnamon) and Zytron (based on citrus extract) have proven the highest inhibitory capacity for conidia germination during in vitro tests registering values of 80.42% and 78.34%, respectively. The same high inhibitory rates against rust pathogen were kept also in the field tests using the same two natural-based products mentioned earlier. In addition, outcomes from this study demonstrated that Zeolite is not recommended for raspberry or blackberry rust control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Maria Pârlici
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, No. 3-5, Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Aurel Maxim
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, No. 3-5, Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Mirela Mang
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Vialedell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (S.M.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Vialedell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (S.M.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Lucia Mihalescu
- Department of Biology, North University Center of Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, No.76, Victoria Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania;
| | - Vlad Stoian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, No. 3-5, Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Jin T, Liu T, Lam E, Moores A. Chitin and chitosan on the nanoscale. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:505-542. [PMID: 34017971 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a matter of decades, nanomaterials from biomass, exemplified by nanocellulose, have rapidly transitioned from once being a subject of curiosity to an area of fervent research and development, now reaching the stages of commercialization and industrial relevance. Nanoscale chitin and chitosan, on the other hand, have only recently begun to raise interest. Attractive features such as excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, immunogenicity, as well as the tuneable handles of their acetylamide (chitin) or primary amino (chitosan) functionalities indeed display promise in areas such as biomedical devices, catalysis, therapeutics, and more. Herein, we review recent progress in the fabrication and development of these bio-nanomaterials, describe in detail their properties, and discuss the initial successes in their applications. Comparisons are made to the dominant nanocelluose to highlight some of the inherent advantages that nanochitin and nanochitosan may possess in similar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jin
- Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Korpayev S, Karakeçili A, Dumanoğlu H, Ibrahim Ahmed Osman S. Chitosan and silver nanoparticles are attractive auxin carriers: A comparative study on the adventitious rooting of microcuttings in apple rootstocks. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100046. [PMID: 34028191 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers for encapsulation and sustained release of agrochemicals such as auxins have emerged as an attractive strategy to provide enhanced bioavailability and efficacy for improved crop yields and nutrition quality. Here, a comparative study was conducted on the effectiveness of chitosan-as a biopolymeric nanocarrier- and silver-as a metallic nanocarrier- on in vitro adventitious rooting potential of microcuttings in apple rootstocks, for the first time. Auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) loaded silver (nAg) or chitosan nanoparticles (nChi) were synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. The average particle size of IAA-nChi was 167.5 ± 0.1 nm while that of IBA-nChi was 123.2 ± 2.6 nm. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nAg-IAA and nAg-IBA particles were measured as 93.66 ± 5 nm and 71.41 ± 3 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the encapsulation of IAA or IBA in the chitosan nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the characteristic peaks of IAA or IBA were detected on silver nanoparticles. In-vitro adventitious rooting of microcuttings of Malling Merton 106 (MM 106) was significantly higher both in chitosan and silver nanoparticles loaded with IAA or IBA (91.7%-62.5%) compared to free IAA or IBA applications (50.0%-33.3%), except for 2.0 mg L-1 IBA (66.7%). However, the application of 2 mg L-1 IBA and IBA-nChi at all concentrations caused an undesirable large callus development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşe Karakeçili
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Dumanoğlu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Padilha AC, Vivas MG, Melo MDSF, Campos MGN. Fluorescent chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier system for trackable drug delivery. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1867169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Gonçalves Vivas
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Federal University of Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
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Karpova N, Shagdarova B, Lunkov A, Il'ina A, Varlamov V. Antifungal action of chitosan in combination with fungicides in vitro and chitosan conjugate with gallic acid on tomatoes against Botrytis cinerea. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1565-1574. [PMID: 33974182 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a positive effect was obtained by using low molecular weight chitosan compounds in combination with synthetic fungicides. Antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, determined by the radial growth method, was more than 75%, with a 25 × 10- 10 g/L concentration of fludioxonil or difenoconazole in compounds. Metabolic activity of B. cinerea fungus was about 15% when using a chitosan compound containing fludioxonil at a concentration of 25 × 10- 7 g/L. The combined action of chitosan with difenoconazole at a fungicide concentration of 25 × 10- 4 g/L is 2-3 times more effective than the action of each component separately. Results of studies for artificially inoculated B. cinerea tomato fruit when treated with low molecular chitosan and chitosan conjugate with gallic acid reduced the frequency of rotting fruit by 50 and 83%, respectively. Chitosan-gallic acid conjugate were obtained from chitosans with Mw of 28 kDa (Ch28GA) was proved to be effective as a preventive treatment for 3 days and can potentially be used as a biofungicide against B. cinerea on tomatoes in the post-harvest period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Karpova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Balzhima Shagdarova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071.
| | - Alexey Lunkov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Alla Il'ina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Valery Varlamov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
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Current trends and challenges in the synthesis and applications of chitosan-based nanocomposites for plants: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117904. [PMID: 33766382 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a low-cost and multipurpose polymer with numerous desired physicochemical and biological properties has been tested for various applications in agriculture, pharmacy, and biomedicine industries. The availability of functional groups along the backbone makes chitosan readily available for other polymers and metal ions to form bio-nanocomposites. Different types of chitosan-based nanocomposites have been designed and tested for the enhancement of chitosan efficiency and ultimately widening the application areas of chitosan in plants. These nanocomposites serve different purposes such as eliciting plant's defence systems against different threats (pathogen attack), antimicrobial agent against bacteria, fungi and viruses, enhancement of nutrient uptake by plants, control release of micro/macronutrients, fungicides and herbicides. In this review, an extensive outlook has been provided (mainly in the last five years) to recent trends and advances in the fabrication and application of chitosan-based composites. Finally, current challenges and future development opportunities of chitosan-based nanocomposites for plants are discussed.
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Kolbert Z, Szőllősi R, Feigl G, Kónya Z, Rónavári A. Nitric oxide signalling in plant nanobiology: current status and perspectives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:928-940. [PMID: 33053152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant nanobiology as a novel research field provides a scientific basis for the agricultural use of nanoparticles (NPs). Plants respond to the presence of nanomaterials by synthesizing signal molecules, such as the multifunctional gaseous nitric oxide (NO). Several reports have described the effects of different nanomaterials (primarily chitosan NPs, metal oxide NPs, and carbon nanotubes) on endogenous NO synthesis and signalling in different plant species. Other works have demonstrated the ameliorating effect of exogenous NO donor (primarily sodium nitroprusside) treatments on NP-induced stress. NO-releasing NPs are preferred alternatives to chemical NO donors, and evaluating their effects on plants has recently begun. Previous studies clearly indicate that endogenous NO production in the presence of nanomaterials or NO levels increased by exogenous treatments (NO-releasing NPs or chemical NO donors) exerts growth-promoting and stress-ameliorating effects in plants. Furthermore, an NP-based nanosensor for NO detection in plants has been developed, providing a new and excellent perspective for basic research and also for the evaluation of plants' health status in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Feigl
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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