1
|
Zhang J, Guo XY, Guan JP, Cheng XW, Chen G. In-situ polymerization of phosphorus/nitrogen flame-retardant coating for polyester/cotton blend fabrics with superior durability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134458. [PMID: 39098693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The durable flame-retardant functional coating of polyester/cotton (T/C) blend fabrics is both interesting and challenging. In this study, a novel in-situ polymerization strategy for phosphorus/nitrogen-based flame-retardant on T/C blend samples was developed through the polycondensation of tetramethylolphosphonium sulfate, dicyandiamide, and anionic cyclic phosphate ester. The chemical structure of the polycondensation compounds, as well as the surface morphology, combustion behavior, flame-retardant capacity, washing durability and flame-retardant mechanism of the coated T/C blend fabrics, were investigated. The coated T/C blend fabrics demonstrated excellent self-extinguishing performance, with the damaged length decreasing to as low as 8.0 cm and the LOI reaching 28 %. Moreover, the peak heat release rate of the coated T/C blend fabrics decreased by 39.7 %. The superior flame retardancy can be attributed to the enhanced dehydration and carbonization by phosphate groups in the condensed phase, as well as the quenching effect and diluting effect in the gas phase. Additionally, the coated T/C blend fabrics exhibited remarkable washing durability and still achieved self-extinguishing after 65 washing cycles, and the in-situ deposition of insoluble three-dimensional polycondensation compounds onto the T/C blend fabrics was beneficial. The flame-retardant coating had a minor impact on the whiteness, tensile strength and breathability of the T/C blend fabrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin-Ping Guan
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xian-Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang TC, Jia MH, Xu NT, Hu W, Jiang Z, Zhao B, Ni YP, Shao ZB. Facile fabrication of adenosine triphosphate/chitosan/polyethyleneimine coating for high flame-retardant lyocell fabrics with outstanding antibacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129599. [PMID: 38246455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Addressing highly flammable and easily breeding bacteria property via environmentally friendly approach was critical for the large-scale application of lyocell fibers. Herein, a bio-based coating constructed by layer-by-layer deposition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), chitosan (CS), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was successfully fabricated to obtain excellent fire-resistant and antimicrobial lyocell fabrics (LBL/Lyocell). The resulted fabrics with add-on of 11.5 wt% achieved the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.0 %. Meanwhile, compared with the pure lyocell fabrics, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and fire growth rate (FIGRA) of LBL/Lyocell fabrics decreased by 75.2 %, 61.0 % and 69.8 % in cone calorimetric test (CCT), respectively. By characterizing the gaseous products and solid residues, the presence of the ATP/CS/PEI coating could not only quickly form the dense expanded carbon layer by itself, but also promote the conversion of cellulose into thermal-stability residues, thus reducing the release of combustible substances during combustion and protecting the lyocell fabrics. In addition, LBL/Lyocell showed excellent antimicrobial properties with 99.99 % antibacterial rates against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This bio-based coating was a promising candidate for efficiently flame-retardant cellulose fibers with excellent antibacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ci Wang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meng-Han Jia
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nuo-Tong Xu
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan-Peng Ni
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Cui S, Jin H, Yang C, Wang B, Mao Z, Feng X, Zhang Y, Sui X, Xu H. Fabrication of phase change microcapsules with controllable size via regenerated nanochitin stabilized pickering and their applications for lyocell fiber. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Yang G, Peng K, Zhang H, Song X, Zhou Y, Shao H. Structure and properties of flame‐retardant Lyocell fibers prepared by blending method. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gesheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Research and Development department Kumho‐Sunny Plastic Co., Ltd. Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Le ND, Trogen M, Varley RJ, Hummel M, Byrne N. Chemically Accelerated Stabilization of a Cellulose-Lignin Precursor as a Route to High Yield Carbon Fiber Production. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:839-846. [PMID: 35041790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production of carbon fiber from bio-based or renewable resources has gained considerable attention in recent years with much of the focus upon cellulose, lignin, and cellulose-lignin composite precursor fibers. A critical step in optimizing the manufacture of carbon fiber is the stabilization process, through which the chemical and physical structure of the precursor fiber is transformed, allowing it to withstand very high temperatures. In this work, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to explore and optimize stabilization by simulating different stabilization profiles. Using this approach, we explore the influence of atmosphere (nitrogen or air), cellulose-lignin composition, and alternative catalysts on the carbon yield, efficiency, and rate of stabilization. Carbon dioxide and water vapor released during stabilization are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, providing further information about the stabilization mechanism and the accelerating effect of oxygen and increased char yield (carbon content), especially for lignin. A range of different catalysts are evaluated for their ability to enhance the char yield, and a phosphorus-based flame retardant (H3PO4) proved to be the most effective; in fact, a doubling of the char yield was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Duc Le
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Mikaela Trogen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Russell J Varley
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nolene Byrne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan W, Ren Y, Xiao M, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, Liu X. Enhancing the flame retardancy of lyocell fabric finished with an efficient, halogen-free flame retardant. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34926-34937. [PMID: 35494735 PMCID: PMC9042939 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06573d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (PNPG) containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized through the reaction of neopentyl glycol, phosphoric acid and urea, and was then used for preparation of flame retardant lyocell fabric through a dip-dry-cure finishing process. The structure of the PNPG was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the treated fabric were evaluated by a cone calorimetry test and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), which showed that the char residue of the treated fabric at 800 °C was as high as 39.7% under a nitrogen atmosphere. At the same time, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were significantly reduced by 92.9% and 81.2%, respectively. Obviously, the presence of flame retardant can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of lyocell fabrics. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the flame retardant mechanism was consistent with the condensed phase and gas phase mechanism. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the treated samples could reach 39.3%, moreover, even after 20 laundering cycles (LCs), the LOI values of the samples finished at 28.3% with 120 g L−1 flame retardant remaining, which confirmed the durability and high flame retardancy of the treated samples. In addition, the mechanical properties, whiteness, rigidity and flexibility of the fabrics treated with PNPG were insignificantly reduced within a more acceptable range than the original samples. In summary, the flame retardant described herein has excellent flame retardant properties and char-forming ability, and it is suitable for the preparation of flame retardant lyocell fibers. A novel flame retardant (PNPG) containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized based on neopentyl glycol, phosphoric acid and urea, and was then used for preparation of flame retardant lyocell fabric through a dip-dry-cure finishing process.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China +86-22-8395-8287 +86-22-8395-5353
| | - Yuanlin Ren
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China +86-22-8395-8287 +86-22-8395-5353
| | - Mengyuan Xiao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China +86-22-8395-8287 +86-22-8395-5353
| | - Yingbin Guo
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China +86-22-8395-8287 +86-22-8395-5353
| | - Yansong Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China +86-22-8395-8287 +86-22-8395-5353
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China +86-22-8395-8287 +86-22-8395-5353
| | - Xinke Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China +86-22-8395-8287 +86-22-8395-5353
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synthesis of Novel Arginine-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Lyocell Fabric. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123588. [PMID: 34208392 PMCID: PMC8231223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyocell fabrics are widely applied in textiles, however, its high flammability increases the risk of fire. Therefore, to resolve the issue, a novel biomass-based flame retardant with phosphorus and nitrogen elements was designed and synthesized by the reaction of arginine with phosphoric acid and urea. It was then grafted onto the lyocell fabric by a dip-dry-cure technique to prepare durable flame-retardant lyocell fabric (FR-lyocell). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that the flame retardant was successfully introduced into the lyocell sample. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Raman analyses confirmed that the modified lyocell fabric featured excellent thermal stability and significantly increased char residue. Vertical combustion results indicated that FR-lyocell before and after washing formed a complete and dense char layer. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis suggested that incombustible substances (such as H2O and CO2) were produced and played a significant fire retarding role in the gas phase. The cone calorimeter test corroborated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) declined by 89.4% and 56.4%, respectively. These results indicated that the flame retardancy of the lyocell fabric was observably ameliorated.
Collapse
|
8
|
Application of Plasma Activation in Flame-Retardant Treatment for Cotton Fabric. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071575. [PMID: 32708532 PMCID: PMC7408165 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton fabric treated by Pyrovatex CP New (PCN) and Knittex FFRC (K-FFRC) using the Pad-dry-cure method showed an excellent fire-retardant effect. However, it needed to be cured at high temperatures for a long time leading to a high loss of mechanical strength. In this study, atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBD) plasma was applied to the cotton fabric, which then was treated by flame retardants (FRs) using the pad–dry-cure method. The purpose was to have a flame-retardant cotton fabric (limiting oxygen index (LOI) ≥ 25) and a mechanical loss of the treated fabric due to the curing step as low as possible. To achieve this goal, 10 experiments were performed. The vertical flammability characteristics, LOI value and tensile strength of the treated fabrics were measured. A response model between the LOI values of the treated fabric and two studied variables (temperature and time of the curing step) was found. It was predicted that the optimal temperature and time-to-cure to achieve LOI of 25 was at 160 °C for 90 s, while the flame-retardant treatment process without plasma pretreatment, was at 180 °C and 114 s. Although the curing temperature and the time have decreased significantly, the loss of mechanical strength of the treated fabric is still high. The tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fabric after plasma activation show that the plasma treatment itself also damages the mechanical strength of the fabric. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the fabric after plasma activation and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the flame retardant-treated (FRT) fabric clarified the role of plasma activation in this study.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang Z, Wang C, Fang S, Ji P, Wang H, Ji C. Durable flame-retardant and antidroplet finishing of polyester fabrics with flexible polysiloxane and phytic acid through layer-by-layer assembly and sol-gel process. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Chaosheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center for Textile Industry; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Fang
- Shanghai Civil Aviation College; Shanghai 200232 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center for Textile Industry; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center for Textile Industry; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengchang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|