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Liu X, Dong M, Li Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang N, Wang D. Structural properties of glucan from Russula griseocarnosa and its immunomodulatory activities mediated via T cell differentiation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122214. [PMID: 38823900 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The polysaccharide, RGP2, was isolated from Russula griseocarnosa and its immunostimulatory effects were confirmed in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Following purification via chromatography, structural analysis revealed that RGP2 had a molecular weight of 11.82 kDa and consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose, glucuronic acid and glucosamine. Bond structure analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance characterization confirmed that the main chain of RGP2 was formed by →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, which was substituted at O-3 of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ by β-D-Glcp-(1→. RGP2 was found to ameliorate pathological damage in the spleen and enhance immune cell activity in immunosuppressed mice. Based on combined multiomics analysis, RGP2 altered the abundance of immune-related microbiota (such as Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides) in the gut and metabolites (uridine, leucine, and tryptophan) in the serum. Compared with immunosuppressed mice, RGP2 also restored the function of antigen-presenting cells, promoted the polarization of macrophages into the M1 phenotype, positively affected the differentiation of helper T cells, and inhibited regulatory T cell differentiation through the protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, ultimately exerting an immune boosting function. Overall, our findings highlight therapeutic strategies to alleviate CTX-induced immunosuppression in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Health Science and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, China.
| | - Mingyuan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 6/F, 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam 000000, Hong Kong.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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2
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Liu JJ, Chen SK, Luo H, Wang Y, Song XX, He WW, Huang XJ, Yin JY, Nie SP. Insights into dynamic evolution of glucuronofucogalactoglucan from water extract of Agrocybe cylindracea during maturation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122235. [PMID: 38823906 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of Agrocybe cylindracea polysaccharides at four developmental stages, as well as their dynamic evolution during maturation. Results showed that the polysaccharides from A. cylindracea water extract exhibited similar structural characteristics across all four maturity stages, despite a significant reduction in yields. Four water-soluble heteroglycans, including one high molecular weight (ACPM-Et50-I) and three low molecular weight (ACPM-Et50-II, ACPM-Et60, ACPM-Et80), were isolated from A. cylindracea at each maturity stage. ACPM-Et50-I was identified as branched heterogalactans, while ACPM-Et60 and ACPM-Et80 were branched heteroglucans. However, ACPM-Et50-II was characterized as a branched glucuronofucogalactoglucan at the tide-turning stage but a glucuronofucoglucogalactan at the pileus expansion stage due to the increase of its α-(1 → 6)-D-Galp. In general, although the structural skeletons of most A. cylindracea heteroglycans were similar during maturation as shown by their highly consistent glycosyl linkages, there were still differences in the distribution of some heteroglucans. This work has for the first time reported a glucuronofucogalactoglucan in A. cylindracea and its dynamic evolution during maturation, which may facilitate the potential application of A. cylindracea in food and biomedicine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Shi-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Wei-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China.
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3
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Li Y, Li X, Yuan Q, Zhao J, Wu W, Gui Y, Wang H, Wang L, Luo Y, Zhou G, Zhang J, He Y, Yuan C. Polysaccharides from Balanophora harlandii Hook: Isolation, characterization, and anti-inflammation activities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116252. [PMID: 38788622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Balanophora harlandii Hook (B. harlandii), a folk medicine, has been traditionally employed to treat traumatic bleeding, gastroenteritis, icteric hepatitis, hemorrhoids, and other conditions. In this work, polysaccharides with anti-inflammatory effects were extracted from B. harlandii and purified. The extraction conditions were optimized, and the properties of one purified neutral fraction, denoted as BHPs-W-S3, were analyzed. BHPs-W-S3 has a molecular weight of 14.1 kDa, and its three main monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, and xylose, with a molar ratio of 6.4:1.7:1.1. Its main chain consists of →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and it has branch chains at the O-4 and/or O-3 positions. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that the polysaccharides from B. harlandi can decrease the phosphorylation level of p65 and IκBα in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells to reduce the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Li
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jiale Zhao
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yibei Gui
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yiyang Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China; Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine& Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yumin He
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Li S, Cao S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lu W, Zhu D. Investigating the mechanism of Zn cross-linking of chitin in a mycelium-based leather substitute and its performance evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133954. [PMID: 39029834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Mycelium-based leather substitutes with a three-dimensional reticulated structure have attracted attention owing to the negative environmental impacts of natural and synthetic leather. This study utilised Ganoderma lucidum mycelium to prepare a mycelium-based leather substitute with zinc cross-linking (MF-Zn) and evaluated its physicochemical properties and sensory performance; the conventional Cr3+ tanning method was used as reference. Results demonstrated that Zn2+ and Cr3+ formed cross-links with the -OH and -NHOCH3 groups in the polysaccharides of chitin, while Zn2+ selectively bonded to a fraction of -NH2 groups in cystine and phenylalanine. The mycelium-based leather substitute with Zn cross-linking exhibited impressive tensile strength and tear strength of 7.0 MPa and 16.4 kN/m, respectively, while demonstrating desirable organoleptic properties. The free radical-scavenging capacity of MF-Zn was assessed, revealing a DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of 39.4% and 52.7%, respectively. By successfully investigating the cross-linking mechanism of mycelial fibres with Zn2+ and obtaining the stabilised mycelium-based leather substitute, this study establishes a fundamental basis for the development of sustainable leather substitutes, meeting the requirements and facilitating significant advancements in low-carbon leather substitute production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xinde Wang
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenhui Lu
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Deyi Zhu
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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5
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Zhu H, Xu L, Chen P, Li Z, Yu W, Sun P, Wu J, Cai M. Structure characteristics, protective effect and mechanisms of ethanol-fractional polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale on acute ethanol-induced gastritis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4079-4094. [PMID: 38563230 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05540j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastritis is a common disease characterized by gastric ulcers and severe bleeding. Excessive daily alcohol consumption can cause acute gastritis, impacting individuals' quality of life. This study aims to explore the protective effects of different ethanol-fractional polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale (EPDO) on acute alcohol-induced gastric injury in vivo. Results showed that EPDO-80, identified as a β-glucan, exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties in pathology. It could reduce the area of gastric mucosal injury and cell infiltration. EPDO-80 had a dose-effect relationship in reducing the levels of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase-2 and decreasing the levels of inflammation mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α. More extensively, EPDO-80 could inhibit the activation of the TNFR/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the production of TNF-α mRNA and cell apoptosis in organs. Conversely, EPDO-80 could promote changes in the gut microbiota structure. These findings suggest that EPDO-80 could have great potential in limiting oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is highly related to its β-glucan structure and functions in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
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Shao S, Si X, Zhang Y, Li J, Tu P, Zhang Q. Multiple fingerprint and pattern recognition analysis on polysaccharides of four edible mushrooms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129236. [PMID: 38184032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Quality analysis of edible mushrooms based on polysaccharides is generally difficult due to their complicated structures and hard separation. Here, multiple fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides based on chromatographic and spectrometric techniques were developed, and then applied in comparative analysis of Auricularia heimuer (AH), Auricularia cornea (AC), Auricularia cornea 'Yu Muer' (ACY) and Tremella fuciformis (TF). Firstly, polysaccharides were obtained with the molecular weights between 1.783 × 106 and 6.774 × 106 Da. Then, complete hydrolysis by TFA and enzyme digestion by cellulase were employed and subsequently analyzed by HPLC-UV, GC-MS, HILIC-HPLC-ELSD and HILIC-HPLC-ESI--HCD-MS/MS, and ATR-FT-IR were used to characterize the functional groups of intact polysaccharides. By chemometric analysis, differential markers of d-xyl, l-fuc, l-arb, d-glc, disaccharide and hexasaccharide were selected, and AC and ACY were proved to be same species from the viewpoint of polysaccharides firstly. Furthermore, the structures of oligomers with DPs of 2-8 and →4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ unit with different contents were inferred by combinatory analysis of ESI--MS/MS, glycosidic linkage, monosaccharide compositions and functional groups. In conclusion, the combinatory method of multiple fingerprint and pattern recognition is powerful not only for structural elucidation of polysaccharides, but also for quality analysis and species differentiation of edible mushrooms from the perspective of biological polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiali Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yingtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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7
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Zhu H, Yi X, Jia SS, Liu CY, Han ZW, Han BX, Jiang GC, Ding ZF, Wang RL, Lv GP. Optimization of Three Extraction Methods and Their Effect on the Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense. Molecules 2023; 28:8019. [PMID: 38138509 PMCID: PMC10745764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium huoshanense is a famous edible and medicinal herb, and polysaccharides are the main bioactive component in it. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), and hot water extraction (HWE) conditions and obtain the polysaccharides named DHP-E, DHP-UM, and DHP-H. The effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical properties, structure characteristics, and bioactivity of polysaccharides were compared. The differential thermogravimetric curves indicated that DHP-E showed a broader temperature range during thermal degradation compared with DHP-UM and DHP-H. The SEM results showed that DHP-E displayed an irregular granular structure, but DHP-UM and DHP-H were sponge-like. The results of absolute molecular weight indicated that polysaccharides with higher molecular weight detected in DHP-H and DHP-UM did not appear in DHP-E due to enzymatic degradation. The monosaccharide composition showed that DHPs were all composed of Man, Glc, and Gal but with different proportions. Finally, the glycosidic bond types, which have a significant effect on bioactivity, were decoded with methylation analysis. The results showed that DHPs contained four glycosidic bond types, including Glcp-(1→, →4)-Manp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→, and →4,6)-Manp-(1→ with different ratios. Furthermore, DHP-E exhibited better DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. These findings could provide scientific foundations for selecting appropriate extraction methods to obtain desired bioactivities for applications in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Xin Yi
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Si-Si Jia
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Chun-Yao Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Zi-Wei Han
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Bang-Xing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China
| | - Gong-Cheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China; (G.-C.J.); (Z.-F.D.)
| | - Zheng-Feng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China; (G.-C.J.); (Z.-F.D.)
| | - Ren-Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China; (G.-C.J.); (Z.-F.D.)
| | - Guang-Ping Lv
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
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8
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Chen SK, Wang X, Guo YQ, Song XX, Yin JY, Nie SP. Exploring the partial degradation of polysaccharides: Structure, mechanism, bioactivities, and perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4831-4870. [PMID: 37755239 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are promising biomolecules with lowtoxicity and diverse bioactivities in food processing and clinical drug development. However, an essential prerequisite for their applications is the fine structure characterization. Due to the complexity of polysaccharide structure, partial degradation is a powerful tool for fine structure analysis, which can effectively provide valid information on the structure of backbone and branching glycosidic fragments of complex polysaccharides. This review aims to conclude current methods of partial degradation employed for polysaccharide structural characterization, discuss the molecular mechanisms, and describe the molecular structure and solution properties of degraded polysaccharides. In addition, the effects of polysaccharide degradation on the conformational relationships between the molecular structure and bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities, are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the prospects and current challenges for the partial degradation of polysaccharides. This review will be of great value for the scientific elucidation of polysaccharide fine structures and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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9
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu Y, Tang C. Recent Advances in the Preparation, Structure, and Biological Activities of β-Glucan from Ganoderma Species: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:2975. [PMID: 37569244 PMCID: PMC10419088 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma has served as a valuable food supplement and medicinal ingredient with outstanding active compounds that are essential for human protection against chronic diseases. Modern pharmacology studies have proven that Ganoderma β-d-glucan exhibits versatile biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and antiviral properties, as well as gut microbiota regulation. As a promising polysaccharide, β-d-glucan is widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years, the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, spores, and fermentation broth of Ganoderma species have received wide attention from scholars globally. Unfortunately, comprehensive studies on the preparation, structure and bioactivity, toxicology, and utilization of β-d-glucans from Ganoderma species still need to be further explored, which may result in limitations in future sustainable industrial applications of β-d-glucans. Thus, this review summarizes the research progress in recent years on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and bioactivity mechanisms of Ganoderma β-d-glucan, as well as its toxicological assessment and applications. This review is intended to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the development and application of β-d-glucan in the fields of pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chuanhong Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
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10
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Ma X, Zhou W, Nie Y, Jing X, Li S, Jin C, Zhu A, Su J, Liao W, Ding K. A novel branched galacturonan from Gardenia jasminoides alleviates liver fibrosis linked to TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125540. [PMID: 37355063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) is a classic edible medicine in China of which the fruit has been proved to alleviate liver damage. We hypothesized whether polysaccharide in the fruit could have comparable bioactivity. To address this, a novel polysaccharide GJE0.2-2, is purified from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. Indeed, GJE0.2-2 may attenuate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice and impede the expression of critical fibrogenesis associated molecules such as α-SMA, FN1, and Collagen I induced by TGF-β in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Mechanism studies suggest that this bioactivity may be implicated in TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway via directly binding to TLR4. The structure characterization shows that the backbone of this polysaccharide is mainly composed of galacturonic acid with minor rhamnose, branched with galactose and arabinose, galacturonic acid, and esterified hexenuronic acid (HexpA). These findings provide evidence for a novel pectin-linked polysaccharide-based new drug candidate development for liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanqi Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingmin Nie
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jing
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Saijuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Anming Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Su
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenfeng Liao
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China.
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11
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Structural characteristics, anticoagulant and antithrombotic mechanism of a novel polysaccharide from Rosa Chinensis Flos. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Chang S, Hu J, Zhu B, You L, Pedisić S, Hileuskaya K. The effects of alginate lyase treatment on structural characteristics and anti‐photoaging activity of alginate from
Sargassum fusiforme. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Chang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology University of Zagreb Zadar Croatia
| | - Kseniya Hileuskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Belarus
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13
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Xu X, Li Z, Meng Y, Ma Q, Liu C, Zhang P, Chen K. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an acidic heteropolysaccharide isolated from the fermented burdock residue mediated by Rhizopus nigricans. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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Recent advances in Mung bean polysaccharides: Extraction, physicochemical properties and biological activities. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Zheng M, Pi X, Li H, Cheng S, Su Y, Zhang Y, Man C, Jiang Y. Ganoderma spp. polysaccharides are potential prebiotics: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:909-927. [PMID: 35980144 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem that is closely linked to host health. Ganoderma spp. polysaccharides (GPs), a major bioactive component of the fungal genus Ganoderma, can modulate the GM, exhibiting various health effects and prebiotic potential. This review comprehensively concluded the structural features and extraction method of GPs. The mechanism of GPs for anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer were further evaluated. The simulated gastrointestinal digestion of GPs and the utilization mechanism of host microorganisms were discussed. It was found that the physicochemical properties and biological activities of GPs depend on their structural characteristics (molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, etc.). Their extraction method also affects the structure and bioactivities of polysaccharides. GPs supplementation could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium), while reducing that of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Aerococcus, Ruminococcus), thus promoting health. Moreover, GPs are resistant to digestion in the stomach and small intestine but are digested in the large intestine. Therefore, GPs can be considered as potential prebiotics. However, further studies should investigate how GPs as prebiotics regulate GM and improve host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zheng
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowen Pi
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Su
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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16
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Wu DT, Zhao YX, Yuan Q, Wang S, Gan RY, Hu YC, Zou L. Influence of ultrasound assisted metal-free Fenton reaction on the structural characteristic and immunostimulatory activity of a β-D-glucan isolated from Dictyophora indusiata. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:97-108. [PMID: 35970367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasound assisted H2O2/ascorbic acid reaction on the structural characteristic and immunostimulatory activity of a β-D-glucan isolated from D. indusiata, so as to reveal its potential structure-immunostimulatory activity relationship. A purified β-D-glucan, named as DP, was quickly isolated from D. indusiata, and further identified as a 1,3-β-D-glucan with 1,6-β-D-Glcp as branched chains, which exhibited a rigid rod chain conformation in 0.9 % (w/v) of NaCl solution. Furthermore, results showed that the primary structure of DP was overall stable after the degradation by ultrasound assisted H2O2/ascorbic acid reaction. However, the molar mass and chain conformation of DP obviously changed. In addition, DP and its degraded products exerted remarkable immunostimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo, which could activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Indeed, the immunostimulatory activity of DP was closely-correlated to its molar mass and chain conformation. An appropriate degradation of molar mass could promote its immunostimulatory activity. While the transformation of chain conformation from rigid rod to random coil could cause the significant decrease of its immunostimulatory activity. These findings are beneficial to better understanding the structure-immunostimulatory activity relationship of β-D-glucans from edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China; Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yun-Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Yuan
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Jiang CL, Li XY, Shen WD, Pan LH, Li QM, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Bioactive polysaccharides and their potential health benefits in reducing the risks of atherosclerosis: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14337. [PMID: 35945814 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a kind of lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease of arteries and is the principal pathological basis of life-threatening cardiovascular disease events, such as strokes and heart attacks. Clinically, statins are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis, but prolonged use of these drugs exhibit many adverse reactions and have limited efficacy. Polysaccharides are important natural biomacromolecules widely existing in plants, animals, microorganisms and algae. They have drawn considerable attention worldwide due to their multiple healthy functions, along with their non-toxic property. Importantly, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that bioactive polysaccharides exhibit prominent efficiency in controlling atherosclerotic risk factors like hyperlipemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In recent decades, various bioactive polysaccharides with different structural features and anti-atherosclerotic potential from natural sources have been isolated, purified, and characterized. The aim of this review is to focus on the research progress of natural polysaccharides in reducing the risks of atherosclerosis based on evidence of in vitro and in vivo studies from 1966 to 2022. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the future, it is still necessary to strengthen the research on the development and mechanism of polysaccharides with anti-atherosclerotic potential. These anti-atherosclerotic polysaccharides with different structural characteristics and physiochemical properties from different sources will constitute a huge source of materials for future applications, especially in functional foods and drugs. The information summarized here may serve as useful reference materials for further investigation, production, and application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Li Jiang
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Di Shen
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Disease of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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18
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Yehia RS. Evaluation of the biological activities of β-glucan isolated from Lentinula edodes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:317-329. [PMID: 35482469 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes (shiitake) is an edible mushroom that contains many constituents and β-glucan is considered a major polysaccharide. This study, therefore, aimed to characterize β-glucan and evaluate its activities. Fresh fruit bodies of L. edodes were used for β-glucan extraction and followed by analyses via Fourier transform infrared, Nuclear magnetic resonance, and High Performance Liquid Chromatography confirming its characteristic structure. For evaluating biological activities of β-glucan, different concentrations (0.1-3.5 mg ml-1 ) were assessed. The optimal dose was 3.5 mg ml-1 that showed the highest scavenging radical ability (75.3%) confirms antioxidant activity, strong inhibition of the peroxyl radical (80.9%) to inhibit lipid peroxidation, elevation the inhibition percentage of both α-amylase (73.4%) and α-glucosidase (70.3%) indicates the antidiabetic properties, and highest AFB1 reduction (88%) which ensured the aflatoxin-detoxifying ability. In addition, antifungal activity of β-glucan was evaluated to inhibit sporulation process in Aspergillus niger and recorded with minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.5 mg ml-1 and minimum fungicidal concentration of 3 mg ml-1 . In a dose-dependent manner, higher concentration of β-glucan affects viability of tumor cells concomitant induces potent anti-cancer immune responses and inhibited the activity of topoisomerase I which are considered an important target for cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, L. edodes-β-glucan has the potential to act as a suggestive agent for antioxidant, antidiabetic, antifungal activity, and aflatoxin detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy S Yehia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Liu G, Zhang J, Kan Q, Song M, Hou T, An S, Lin H, Chen H, Hu L, Xiao J, Chen Y, Cao Y. Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity of a High Molecular Weight Polysaccharide From Ganoderma lucidum. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846080. [PMID: 35399669 PMCID: PMC8990850 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activity. Unfortunately, the structure and immunomodulatory activity of GLP are still unclear. GLP was separated into two fractions [high Mw Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RGLP) and low Mw EGLP] using 10 kDa cut-off ultrafiltration membrane. Although the RGLP content was low in GLP, the immunomodulatory activity in RGLP was significantly higher than that of EGLP. Moreover, RGLP was further separated via the Sephacryl column to obtain RGLP-1 showed the best immunomodulatory activity in the macrophage RAW264.7 model. Structural analysis revealed that RGLP-1 was 3,978 kDa and mainly consisted of glucose. Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and methylation results indicated that RGLP-1 is a β-pyran polysaccharide mainly with 1→3, 1→4, 1→6, and 1→3, 6 glycosyl bonds at a molar ratio of 40.08: 8.11: 5.62: 17.81. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Congo red experiments revealed that RGLP-1 intertwined with each other to form circular aggregates and might possess a globular structure with triple-helix conformation in water. Overall, these results provide RGLP-1 as a potential functional food ingredient or pharmaceutical for immunomodulatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Kan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Liuyun Hu
- Infinitus China Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Chen S, Guan X, Yong T, Gao X, Xiao C, Xie Y, Chen D, Hu H, Wu Q. Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100204. [PMID: 35499001 PMCID: PMC9039936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum crude polysaccharide (GLP) exhibited protective effect on liver damage in mice caused by restraint stress through improving oxidative status. Two polysaccharides, including a neutral β-glucan and an acidic β-glucan containing glucuronic acid were purified from GLP by anion-exchange chromatography (AEC) and gel filtration. Acidic polysaccharide demonstrated stronger hepatoprotective effect in vitro compared to neutral polysaccharide. Anion-exchange chromatography (AEC) is an effective technique for separate β-glucan into neutral and ionic fractions by different ionic strength buffer.
In this study, Ganoderma lucidum crude polysaccharide (GLP) was found to have protective effect on liver damage in mice caused by restraint stress through improving oxidative status. Two polysaccharides, including a neutral β-glucan (GLPB2) and an acidic β-glucan (GLPC2) were purified from GLP through anion-exchange chromatography (AEC) combined with gel permeation. GLPC2, with an average molecular weight of 20.56 kDa, exhibited stronger hepatoprotective effect against H2O2-induced liver injury in HepG2 cells compared to GLPB2. Glycosidic residues and NMR analysis comprehensively revealed that GLPC2 contained d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-d-Glcp-(1→, →3, 6)-d-Glcp-(1 → and → 4)-d-GlcpA-(1 → . AEC can be an effective technique for separating β-glucans into neutral and acidic fractions by different ionic strength buffer. The findings provided a theoretical basis for the potential application of G. lucidum polysaccharides as a hepatoprotective in food and pharmaceutical industry.
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21
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Characterization of Acidic Tea Polysaccharides from Yellow Leaves of Wuyi Rock Tea and Their Hypoglycemic Activity via Intestinal Flora Regulation in Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040617. [PMID: 35206093 PMCID: PMC8871580 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioactive acidic tea polysaccharide from yellow leaves of Wuyi rock tea was successively prepared via DEAE-52 and Superdex-200 columns. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the main glycosidic bonds were composed of α-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, Arap-(1→, →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →2,4)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, →3,4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→, α-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→. The molecular weight was 3.9285 × 104 Da. The hypoglycemic effect of acidic tea polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus rats was evaluated through histopathology and biochemistry analysis. The acidic tea polysaccharide could improve plasma and liver lipid metabolism. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the composition of the intestinal flora changed drastically after treatment, namely, blooms of Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Dorea, and Oscillospira, and a strong reduction in Desulfovibrio and Lactobacillus. The above results illustrated that tea polysaccharides might serve as an effective ingredient to ameliorate glucose metabolism disorders and intestinal flora in hyperglycemic rats.
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Yin Z, Zhang J, Guo Q, Sun K, Chen L, Zhang W, Yang B, Kang W. Two novel heteroglycan with coagulant activity from flowers of Cercis chinensis Bunge. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang YX, Yin JY, Zhang T, Xin Y, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Utilizing relative ordered structure theory to guide polysaccharide purification for structural characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li Q, Fang X, Chen H, Han Y, Liu R, Wu W, Gao H. Retarding effect of dietary fibers from bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:4696-4706. [PMID: 33929470 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the administration of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) dietary fiber (BSDF) on high-fat diet (HDF) induced hyperlipidemia were studied with SD rat models. The results indicated that the body weight of rats and the mass of their adipose tissue were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased after the combination treatment of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 30.20%, 53.28% and 35.63%, respectively, compared to those of the model group. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 of the SDF + IDF group were also significantly lower than those of the HDF model group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the perirenal fat percentage and body fat percentage in the SDF + IDF group were reduced by 31.61% and 25.09%, respectively. IDF exhibited better hypolipidemic ability than SDF in HFD induced rats at the same dose, while SDF and IDF showed a synergistic hyperlipidemia prevention effect. The mRNA expression levels of lipid synthesis genes SREBP-1c and FAS were significantly down-regulated by SDF + IDF treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that BSDF composed of IDF and SDF, with potential hypolipidemic effects, could be used in the production of health-beneficial food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Fractionation, chemical characterization and immunostimulatory activity of β-glucan and galactoglucan from Russula vinosa Lindblad. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Qu Y, Zhao X, Guo H, Meng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Sun L. Structural analysis and macrophage activation of a novel β‑glucan isolated from Cantharellus cibarius. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:50. [PMID: 33576436 PMCID: PMC7891825 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the structure and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide. A novel acidic β-glucan (WCCP-A-b; molecular weight, 7.3 kDa) was purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Cantharellus cibarius, which possesses high nutritional values. WCCP-A-b was composed primarily of glucose (89.7%) and glucuronic acid (8.8%). Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis suggested that WCCP-A-b contained β-D-1,6-glucan as its main chain, which was substituted at O-3 by β-1,3-D-Glcp oligosaccharides or a single-unit of β-Glcp residues. Minor β-1,4-D-GlcpA residues may also be present in the side chains. The degree of branching was ~20.9%. Moreover, WCCP-A-b possessed a macrophage activating effect by promoting the secretion of nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. At a cellular mechanistic level, WCCP-A-b activated macrophages via the MAPK signaling pathway. The present results provided useful information for supporting further investigations on the structure-activity association of polysaccharides from C. cibarius, and indicated that the novel β-glucan may be a potent natural immunomodulator, thus promoting the application of C. cibarius as a valuable source for functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Qu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Yue Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Characterization and Hepatoprotections of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides against Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9703682. [PMID: 33613827 PMCID: PMC7876828 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9703682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background The liver is one of the most commonly affected organs in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In recent years, there have been many studies on Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP), but the role of GLP in MODS is still unclear. The purpose of this work was to explore the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects of GLP on the liver in MODS model mice. Methods The characteristic properties of GLP were processed by physicochemical analysis. The MODS models were successfully established with intraperitoneal injection of zymosan in Kunming strain mice. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects of GLP were processed both in vitro and in vivo by evaluating the oxidative parameters, inflammatory factors, and liver pathological observations. Results The characterization analysis revealed that GLP was a pyranose mainly composed of glucose with the molecular weights (Mw) of 8309 Da. The experimental results proved that GLP had potential hepatoprotection possibly by improving the antioxidant status (scavenging excessive oxygen radicals, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities, and reducing the lipid peroxide), alleviating the inflammatory response (reducing the inflammatory factor levels), and guaranteeing the liver functions. Conclusions This research suggested that GLP had the potential to be developed as a natural medicine for the treatment of multiple organ failure.
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Elucidation of the structural changes of sesame hull hemicelluloses during roasting. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1535-1544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang H, Zou P, Zhao H, Qiu J, Regenstein JM, Yang X. Isolation, purification, structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from pinecones of Pinus koraiensis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117078. [PMID: 33142621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharides (PKP-E) extracted from the pinecones of Pinus koraiensis were studied, which was fractionated using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100. Four novel polysaccharide fractions were obtained, which were PKP-E-1-1, -1-2, -2-1, and -2-2, respectively. The structural features were characterized using HPGPC, monosaccharide composition analysis, Congo red test, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The results showed the 4 purified fractions were non-triple helical structured heteropolysaccharides and composed of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-mannose, d-glucose, and d-galactose. The fractions were mainly linked by 1→6 or 1→ glycosidic bonds and the backbone of 4 fractions was probably composed of→2, 6)-β-d-Man-(1→ and α-d-GalpA-(1→), which resembles pectin. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides were measured by scavenging radical capacity tests. The PKP-E-2-1 was the most stable and active fraction, and the respective IC50 for the hydroxyl and ABTS·+ radicals were 3.0 and 23.6 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pan Zou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China; Tianjin Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-product, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | | | - Xin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhang H, Li C, Ding J, Lai PF, Xia Y, Ai L. Structural features and emulsifying stability of a highly branched arabinogalactan from immature peach (Prunus persica) exudates. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Lin GP, Wu DS, Xiao XW, Huang QY, Chen HB, Liu D, Fu HQ, Chen XH, Zhao C. Structural characterization and antioxidant effect of green alga Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide in Caenorhabditis elegans via modulation of microRNAs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1084-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhang H, Zhao T, Wang J, Xia Y, Song Z, Ai L. An amendment to the fine structure of galactoxyloglucan from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1189-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Isolation, purification, structural characteristic and antioxidative property of polysaccharides from A. cepa L. var. agrogatum Don. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wan XZ, Ai C, Chen YH, Gao XX, Zhong RT, Liu B, Chen XH, Zhao C. Physicochemical Characterization of a Polysaccharide from Green Microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Its Hypolipidemic Activity via Gut Microbiota Regulation in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1186-1197. [PMID: 31855431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A bioactive polysaccharide from microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CPP) was successively prepared via DEAE-52 and G-100 columns. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the main glycosidic bonds were composed of 1,2-linked-α-l-Fucp, 1,4-linked-α-l-Rhap, 1,4-linked-β-l-Araf, 1-linked-α-d-Glcp, 1,3-linked-β-d-GlcpA, 1,4-linked-β-d-Xylp, and 1,3,6-linked-β-d-Manp. Its molecular weight was 5.63 × 106 Da. The hypolipidemic effect and intestinal flora regulation of CPP on diet-induced rats were evaluated through histopathology and biochemistry analyses. CPP could improve plasma and liver lipid metabolism and accelerate the metabolism of the cecal total bile acids and short-chain fatty acids. CPP has also upregulated the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α and downregulated the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA expressions. Moreover, with the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, it was revealed that the composition of intestinal flora changed drastically after treatment, such as the bloom of Coprococcus_1, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter, whereas there was a strong reduction of the [Ruminococcus]_gauvreauii_group. The above results illustrated that CPP might be served as an effective ingredient to ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders and intestinal flora in hyperlipidemia rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhi Wan
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ai
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Gao
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Ting Zhong
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau 999078 , People's Republic of China
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Jiang S, Shi F, Lin H, Ying Y, Luo L, Huang D, Luo Z. Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells and alters energy metabolism via the LKB1/AMPK axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 151:1277-1286. [PMID: 31751687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer action of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides (IOP). Thus, we characterized the IOP components extracted from Chaga sclerotium and, found that the extracts contained 70% polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of 4.5 × 104 Da consisting of 75% glucose. We then showed that IOP extract activated AMPK in lung cancer cells expressing LKB1, suppressed cell viability, colony-formation, and triggered cell apoptosis. In conjunction, IOP downregulated Bcl-2, upregulated Bax, and enhanced cleavage of Caspase-3 and PARP. All of these effects were prevented by treatment with Compound C, a chemical inhibitor of AMPK. IOP diminished mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), concurrent with decreases in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, which was dependent on LKB1/AMPK. Finally, IOP at a dosage of 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited allograft tumor growth of the LLC1 cells in association with increased apoptosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate that IOP acts on cancer cells through a mechanism by which AMPK triggers the apoptotic pathway via the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and reducing MMP, leading to an inhibition of ATP production. Therefore, our study provides a solid foundation for the use of IOP as a promising alternative or supplementary medicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathophysiology, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, China
| | - Fuli Shi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathophysiology, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathophysiology, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathophysiology, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathophysiology, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, China.
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Li J, Gu F, Cai C, Hu M, Fan L, Hao J, Yu G. Purification, structural characterization, and immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:806-813. [PMID: 31715242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary relationship was illustrated between the structural characteristics and corresponding immunomodulatory activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides. Two polysaccharides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) were purified from Ganoderma lucidum extracts by gradient ethanol precipitation and a Q-Sepharose Fast Flow (QFF) strong anion-exchange column. The monosaccharide composition, high-performance gel permeation chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering-refractive index (HPGPC-MALLS-RI), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to characterize these polysaccharides. The GLP-1 polysaccharide was elucidated as d-galactoglucan with a flexible random linear conformation that mainly composed of →6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ residues. GLP-2 was found to be a relatively homogeneous β-d-glucan that possessing →6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ residues packaged into a spherical conformation. Immunomodulatory activities in vivo demonstrated that GLP-1 produced better protection of the spleen and thymus and was more effective for promoting hematopoiesis and improving IgA levels in serum. Our results suggest that the immunomodulatory activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides are highly corresponded to their structural characteristics such as carbohydrate composition, molecular weight and advanced conformation. This study provides a preliminary basis for studying the relationship between polysaccharide structure characterization and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feifei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Minghua Hu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Luodi Fan
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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Yin Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu H, Guo Q, Chen L, Wang J, Kang W. Two Novel Polysaccharides in Psoralea corylifolia L and anti-A549 Lung Cancer Cells Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:E3733. [PMID: 31623207 PMCID: PMC6833038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel water soluble heteroglycan (PCp-I and PCp-II) with anti-A549 lung cancer cells activity were isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. Their average molecular weights were 2.721 × 104 and 2.850 × 104. PCp-I and PCp-II had the same monosaccharide composition, but their molar ratios were different. Based on methylation and NMR spectroscopy, the part structure of PCp-I was identified. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that PCp-I had an irregular porous structure and PCp-II was flaky and irregularly curved. The results of thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) showed that PCp-I and PCp-II had good thermal stability. Furthermore, PCp-I and PCp-II exhibited significant anti-A549 lung cancer cells activity (IC50 = 64.84 and 126.30 μM) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Huili Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Polysaccharides from Trifolium repens L. extracted by different methods and extraction condition optimization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6353. [PMID: 31015549 PMCID: PMC6478879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Four different extraction methods, including hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE), were applied to extract polysaccharides from Trifolium repens L. (TRPs). In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to optimize the extraction conditions of TRPs. The results showed that different extraction methods had significant effects on the extraction yields and antioxidant activities of TRPs. TRPs extracted by the EAE method (10.57%) and UEAE method (10.62%) had significantly higher extraction yields than TRPs extracted by the HWE method (8.35%) and UAE method (9.43%) (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the extraction yields of the EAE method and UEAE method (P > 0.05). TRPs extracted by the EAE method had a higher content of uronic acid and exhibited better antioxidant capacities. Therefore, EAE was selected as the optimal extraction method to extract TRPs. The optimal extraction conditions of EAE to extract TPRs were liquid–solid ratio 30 mL/g, enzymolysis time 87 min, enzyme-complex dosage 1.6% and pH 6, leading to a TRPs yield of 13.15%.
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Zhou FF, Zhang YD, Zhang Q, Lu J, Liu Y, Wang JH. Structure characterization and immunological activity of a β-glucan from White H. marmoreus and its silver nanoparticle derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Wang L, Zhang X, Niu Y, Ahmed AF, Wang J, Kang W. Anticoagulant activity of two novel polysaccharides from flowers of Apocynum venetum L. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:1230-1237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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41
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Zhao C, Zhang C, Xing Z, Ahmad Z, Li JS, Chang MW. Pharmacological effects of natural Ganoderma and its extracts on neurological diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1160-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Tang Q, Zhou S, Feng J, Chen H. Polysaccharide of Ganoderma and Its Bioactivities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1181:107-134. [PMID: 31677141 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9867-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma, named lingzhi in China, has been used for centuries as drug and nutraceutical to treat diseases. Based on our research and other literatures, the chapter summarizes the progress of preparation, structural features and properties, bioactivities of Ganoderma polysaccharides. The aim is to provide a comprehensive source of information for researchers and consumers of Ganoderma, so they can better understand Ganoderma polysaccharides and their biological activities. In addition, more clinical studies should be carried out to meet the criteria for new drug development, and more convincing scientific data should be provided. In addition, on the basis of a large number of studies on Ganoderma polysaccharides, we suggest that more clinical studies should be carried out so that Ganoderma can be better recognized and applied all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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43
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Shi XD, Li OY, Yin JY, Nie SP. Structure identification of α-glucans from Dictyophora echinovolvata by methylation and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. Food Chem 2019; 271:338-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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44
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Conformational properties of a bioactive polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum by light scattering and molecular modeling. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Hu Z, Wang P, Zhou H, Li Y. Extraction, characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Carex meyeriana Kunth using different methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2155-2164. [PMID: 30248430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the hot-water extraction (HWE) conditions which were determined to be: liquid-solid ratio 29.25:1 mL/g, extraction time 1.66 h, extraction temperature 95 °C, the optimized yield of polysaccharides 0.47 ± 0.01% (n = 3). Hot-water extraction polysaccharides (HWEP) and Microwave-assisted extraction polysaccharides (MAEP) both consist of Rha:Xyl:Ara:Fru:Glu with the molar ratio of 1.05:1.21:3.86:1:3.61:4.5 and 1:1.95:1.72:1.78:4.36:6.18, respectively. Ultrasound-assisted extraction polysaccharides (UAEP) consists of Rha:Xyl:Ara:Fru:Man:Glu with the molar ratio of 1:2.31:5.23:1.05:3.17:4.17:7.89. The molecular weight distribution of HWEP, MAEP and UAEP ranged from 16 kDa to 1698 kDa, 15 kDa to 913 kDa, and 17 kDa to 1118 kDa, respectively. The absorption peaks in FT-IR confirmed the skeletal modes of the pyranose ring in polysaccharides. The second derivative of FT-IR proved difference of polysaccharides obtained from different extraction methods. The antioxidant activity investigations shown all three polysaccharides extracts possess high scavenging activity of DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radical and ABTS+ radical. Polysaccharides from Carex meyeriana Kunth (CMKP) might be potentially used for various practical applications such as medical and food industries, and this paper provides a theoretical basis and reference for further study of CMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Comprehensive Utilization of Jilin Provence, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
| | - Yaping Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
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46
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Zhang H, Ren W, Guo Q, Xiong Z, Wang G, Xia Y, Lai P, Yin B, Ai L. Characterization of a yogurt-quality improving exopolysaccharide from Streptococcus thermophilus AR333. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Li Q, Zhang F, Chen G, Chen Y, Zhang W, Mao G, Zhao T, Zhang M, Yang L, Wu X. Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1293-1303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2262-2268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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49
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Shi XD, Nie SP, Yin JY, Que ZQ, Zhang LJ, Huang XJ. Polysaccharide from leaf skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part I. Extraction, fractionation, physicochemical properties and structural characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Xiang QD, Yu Q, Wang H, Zhao MM, Liu SY, Nie SP, Xie MY. Immunomodulatory Activity of Ganoderma atrum Polysaccharide on Purified T Lymphocytes through Ca 2+/CaN and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Based on RNA Sequencing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5306-5315. [PMID: 28608696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) has immunomodulatory activity on spleen lymphocytes. However, how PSG-1 exerts its effect on purified lymphocytes is still obscure. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of PSG-1 on purified T lymphocytes and further elucidate the underlying mechanism based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our results showed that PSG-1 promoted T lymphocytes proliferation and increased the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-12. Meanwhile, RNA-seq analysis found 394 differentially expressed genes. KEGG pathway analysis identified 20 significant canonical pathways and seven biological functions. Furthermore, PSG-1 elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration and calcineurin (CaN) activity and raised the p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 expression levels. T lymphocytes proliferation and the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-12 were decreased by the inhibitors of calcium channel and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These results indicated that PSG-1 possesses immunomodulatory activity on purified T lymphocytes, in which Ca2+/CaN and MAPK pathways play essential roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Dan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Life Science & College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
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