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Shen Y, Wu S, Song M, Zhang H, Zhao H, Wu L, Zhao H, Qiu H, Zhang Y. The Isolation, Structural Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Neutral Polysaccharides from the Roots of Isatis indigotica Fort. Molecules 2024; 29:2683. [PMID: 38893558 PMCID: PMC11173581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides have been assessed as a potential natural active component in Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory properties. However, the complex and indefinite structures of polysaccharides limit their applications. This study explains the structures and anti-inflammatory potentials of three neutral polysaccharides, RIP-A1 (Mw 1.8 × 104 Da), RIP-B1 (Mw 7.4 × 104 Da) and RIP-B2 (Mw 9.3 × 104 Da), which were isolated from the roots of Isatis indigotica Fort. with sequenced ultrafiltration membrane columns, DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100. The planar structures and microstructures of RIP-A1, RIP-B1 and RIP-B2 were further determined by HPGPC, GC-MS, methylation analysis, FT-IR, SEM and AFM, in which the structure of RIP-A1 was elucidated in detail using 1D/2D NMR. The Raw 264.7 cells were used for the anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The results showed that RIP-A1, RIP-B1 and RIP-B2 are all neutral polysaccharides, with RIP-A1 having the smallest Mw and the simplest monosaccharide composition of the three. RIP-A1 is mainly composed of Ara and Gal, except for a small quantity of Rha. Its main structure is covered with glycosidic linkages of T-α-Araf, 1,2-α-Rhap, 1,5-α-Araf, T-β-Galp, 1,2,4-α-Rhap, 1,3,5-α-Araf and 1,6-β-Galp with 0.33:0.12:1.02:0.09:0.45:11.41:10.23. RIP-A1 significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, RIP-A1 could significantly inhibit the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and L-1β. It could also activate IKK, p65 and IκBα (the components of the NF-κB signaling pathway). In conclusion, the above results show the structural characterization and anti-inflammatory potentials of RIP-A1 as an effective natural anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Shihao Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Mingming Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Hong Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lili Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China;
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
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Wang K, Zhou Y, Li M, Chen Z, Wu Z, Ji W, Wang J, Zhang Y. Structural elucidation and immunomodulatory activities in vitro of type I and II arabinogalactans from different origins of Astragalus membranaceus. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121974. [PMID: 38494227 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) possesses excellent immunomodulatory activity. However, there are several studies on the structural characterization of APS. Here, we aimed to elucidate the repeating units of polysaccharides (APS1, 106.5 kDa; APS2, 114.5 kDa) obtained from different Astragalus membranaceus origins and further investigated their immunomodulatory activities. Based on structural analysis, types of the two polysaccharides were identified as arabinogalactan-I (AG-I) and arabinogalactan-II (AG-II), and co-elution of arabinogalactans (AGs) and α-glucan was observed. The backbone of AG-I was 1,4-linked β-Galp occasionally substituted by α-Araf at O-2 and/or O-3. AG-II was a highly branched polysaccharide with long branches of α-Araf, which were attached to the O-3 of 1,6-linked β-Galp of the backbone. The presence of AGs in A. membranaceus was confirmed for the first time. The two polysaccharides could promote the expression of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells via MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. The constants for APS1 and APS2 binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were 1.83 × 10-5 and 2.08 × 10-6, respectively. Notably, APS2 showed better immunomodulatory activity than APS1, possibly because APS2 contained more AGs. Hence, the results suggested that AGs were the vital components of APS in the immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yinxing Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengqing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenting Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
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3
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Wang J, Zhu K, Zhang M, Zhou Q, Ji W, Yao Z, Li D. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and subacute toxicity of oral carrageenan in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130725. [PMID: 38490394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Carrageenan (CGN) is a typical sulfated polysaccharide widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Its in vivo behavior plays vital roles in understanding structural and biological functional relationships. The lack of UV chromophores in highly sulfated polysaccharides presents a challenge for their in vivo behavior studies. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a fast and effective quantitative fluorescence method for investigating the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of CGN. Fluorescence isothiocyanate labeling of CGN (FCGN) and microplate reader-based measurements were developed and validated to study its pharmacokinetics. These results showed that the FCGN concentration peaked at 3 h, the mean residence time was 36.6 h, and the clearance rate was 0.1 L/h/kg. Most of the FCGN was excreted in the feces, while 9.2 % was excreted in the urine, suggesting absorption and metabolism. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the FCGN was absorbed quickly, eliminated slowly, and could remain in the body for a sustained profile. Moreover, ex vivo imaging and quantification of FCGN in tissues revealed that FCGN accumulated in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, oral administration of CGN or KOs for 14 days led to changes in liver and kidney indices. Histological analysis of significant organs revealed hepatocyte necrosis in the liver, renal tubular vacuolization in the kidney, and incomplete colonic epithelial cells. The KOs had a more significant effect on inflammatory cell infiltration than did CGNs. These in vivo findings laid the foundation for the study and application of CGN in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Kehan Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wen Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhen Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Duxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Ji W, Qian C, Su X, Li X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Zhang M, Li D. Structure characterization and protective effect against UVB irradiation of polysaccharides isolated from the plateau plant Gentiana dahurica Fisch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131551. [PMID: 38621566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Gentiana dahurica Fisch. (G. dahurica) is one of the legitimate sources of Qinjiao in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and grows on high-altitude plateaus. Plants develop unique biochemical accumulations to resist plateau conditions, especially the strong UV irradiation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the polysaccharide of G. dahurica (GDP), its structure and its activity against UVB irradiation. Four GDPs were isolated and two of them were subjected to structural elucidation. The results suggested that GDP-1 has 53.5 % Ara and 30.8 % GalA as its main monosaccharides, with a molecular weight (Mw) of 23 kDa; the GDP-2 has 33.9 % Ara and 48.5 % GalA, with a Mw of 82 kDa. Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed that GDP-1 contains →5)-α-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,4)-α-GalpA-(6-OMe)-(1→ as the main chain, the branches of GalA (with esterification), and the terminal Ara; the GDP-2 contains →4)-α-GalpA-(1 → 4)-α-GalpA-(6-OMe)-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1→ as the main chain, the branches of →5)-α-Araf-(1-5)-α-Araf, and the terminal GalA. Both GDP-1 and GDP-2 exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, GDPs significantly attenuated the decreases in viability and proliferation of HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation. They can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH). The potential mechanism explored by flow cytometry assays of cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution suggested that GDPs exert protective effects against UVB irradiation by reducing ROS and attenuating S phase cell arrest. In brief, the GDP-1 and GDP-2 are α-1,3- and α-1,4- arabinogalacturonan, respectively. The high content of Ara could be attributed to biochemical accumulation in resisting to the plateau environment and to prevent UVB irradiation-related damage in cells. These findings provide insight into authentic medicinal herbs and the development of GDPs in the modern pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Cuiyin Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, PR China.
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, PR China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, PR China.
| | - Duxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, PR China.
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Wu DT, Lei J, Li J, Qu Mo MM, Li WB, Huang YJ, Hu YC, Wang AL, Zou L. Efficient and Selective Extraction of Rhamnogalacturonan-I-Enriched Pectic Polysaccharides from Tartary Buckwheat Leaves Using Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Based Techniques. Foods 2024; 13:625. [PMID: 38397602 PMCID: PMC10887792 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat green leaves are considered to be among the most important by-products in the buckwheat industry. Although Tartary buckwheat green leaves are abundant in pectic polysaccharides, their potential applications in the food industry are quite scarce. Therefore, to promote their potential applications as functional or fortified food ingredients, both deep-eutectic-solvent-assisted extraction (DESE) and high-pressure-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (HPDEE) were used to efficiently and selectively extract pectic polysaccharides from Tartary buckwheat green leaves (TBP). The results revealed that both the DESE and HPDEE techniques not only improved the extraction efficiency of TBP but also regulated its structural properties and beneficial effects. The primary chemical structures of TBP extracted using different methods were stable overall, mainly consisting of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) pectic regions. However, both the DESE and HPDEE methods could selectively extract RG-I-enriched TBP, and the proportion of the RG-I pectic region in TBP obviously improved. Additionally, both the DESE and HPDEE methods could improve the antioxidant and anti-glycosylation effects of TBP by increasing its proportion of free uronic acids and content of bound polyphenolics and reducing its molecular weight. Moreover, both the DESE and HPDEE methods could partially intensify the immunostimulatory effect of TBP by increasing its proportion of the RG-I pectic region. These findings suggest that DES-based extraction techniques, especially the HPDEE method, can be promising techniques for the efficient and selective extraction of RG-I-enriched TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Mei-Mei Qu Mo
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Wen-Bing Li
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yu-Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yi-Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ai-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Liu C, Song X, Sun Y, Li Y, Li X, Zhang D. A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-22. [PMID: 38146635 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2298724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (GMR) is a traditional Chinese herb with the function of dispelling wind and dampness, and removing damp heat. Currently, it is reported in the literature that GMR mainly contains iridoids and secoiridoids, in addition to triterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, alkaloids and other chemical components. Among them, iridoids and secoiridoids are the main active ingredients of GMR. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that GMR has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and cardioprotective. In clinical practice, GMR is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, stroke and other related diseases with good therapeutic effects. Currently, there are few literature reports on the GMR research progress. Therefore, this paper provides a review of the chemical composition, pharmacological activity and clinical applications of GMR to provide some scientific basis for the further development of plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of "Taibaiqiyao" Research and Applications, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of "Taibaiqiyao" Research and Applications, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of "Taibaiqiyao" Research and Applications, Xianyang, P. R. China
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Yuan S, Wang J, Li X, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Li D. Study on the structure, antioxidant activity and degradation pattern of polysaccharides isolated from lotus seedpod. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121065. [PMID: 37321745 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is the largest aquatic vegetable in Asia. The lotus seedpod (LS) is an inedible part of the mature flower receptacle of the lotus plant. However, the polysaccharide isolated from the receptacle has been less studied. The purification of LS resulted in two polysaccharides (LSP-1 and LSP-2). Both polysaccharides were found to be medium-sized HG pectin, with a Mw of 74 kDa. Their structures were elucidated via GC-MS and NMR spectrum and proposed as the repeating sugar units of GalA connected via α-1,4-glycosidic linkage, with LSP-1 having a higher degree of esterification. They have certain content of antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. The esterification of HG pectin would have an adverse effect on these activities. Furthermore, the degradation pattern and kinetics of LSPs by pectinase conformed to the Michaelis-Menten model. There is a large amount of LS, resulting from the by-product of locus seed production, and thus a promising source for the isolation of the polysaccharide. The findings of the structure, bioactivities, and degradation property provide the chemical basis for their applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Yuan
- Pharmacy Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Jiangsu R&D Center of the Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Yancheng Polytechnic College, Yancheng 224005, PR China.
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Duxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, PR China.
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Fu YP, Peng X, Zhang CW, Jiang QX, Li CY, Paulsen BS, Rise F, Huang C, Feng B, Li LX, Chen XF, Jia RY, Li YP, Zhao XH, Ye G, Tang HQ, Liang XX, Lv C, Tian ML, Yin ZQ, Zou YF. Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide and its related metabolite 5-methoxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde ameliorate experimental colitis by regulating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120626. [PMID: 36746576 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. However, tons of aerial parts of this plant are usually discarded in the production of roots preparation. To make better use of these plant resources, the polysaccharide isolated from the aerial part of S. miltiorrhiza was investigated for its potential protection against intestinal diseases. A pectic polysaccharide (SMAP-1) was isolated and characterized being composed of homogalacturonan as the main chain and rhamnogalacturonan type I as ramified region, with side chains including arabinans and possible arabinogalactan type I and II. SMAP-1 exhibited robust protective effects against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and restored colitis symptoms, colonic inflammation, and barrier functions. Anti-oxidative effects were also observed by up-regulating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Additionally, the level of serum 5-methoxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde (5-MC) was restored by SMAP-1 identified in metabolomic analysis, being correlated with the aforementioned effects. Protection against oxidative stress on intestinal porcine enterocyte cells (IPEC-J2) by 5-MC was observed through the activation of Nrf2/Keap1 system, as also shown by SMAP-1. In conclusion, SMAP-1 could be a promising candidate for colitis prevention, and 5-MC could be the signal metabolite of SMAP-1 in protecting against oxidative stress in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xi Peng
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao-Wen Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Quan-Xing Jiang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Cen-Yu Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides from broccoli by-products with in vitro B lymphocyte stimulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120432. [PMID: 36657866 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To study structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides with their immunostimulatory activity, broccoli by-products were used. Pectic polysaccharides composed by 64 mol% uronic acids, 18 mol% Ara, and 10 mol% Gal, obtained by hot water extraction, activated B lymphocytes in vitro (25-250 μg/mL). To disclose active structural features, combinations of ethanol and chromatographic fractionation and modification of the polysaccharides were performed. Polysaccharides insoluble in 80 % ethanol (Et80) showed higher immunostimulatory activity than the pristine mixture, which was independent of molecular weight range (12-400 kDa) and removal of terminal or short Ara side chains. Chemical sulfation did not promote B lymphocyte activation. However, the action of pectin methylesterase and endo-polygalacturonase on hot water extracted polysaccharides produced an acidic fraction with a high immunostimulatory activity. The de-esterified homogalacturonan region seem to be an important core to confer pectic polysaccharides immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, agri-food by-products are a source of pectic polysaccharide functional food ingredients.
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10
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Hu Q, Liu Y, Yu J, Yang X, Yang M, He Y, Han L, Zhang D. The protective effect and antitumor activity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) polysaccharide on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1151092. [PMID: 37033618 PMCID: PMC10079910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1151092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, also known as Fuzi in Chinese, has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for more than 2,000 years. In recent years, some traditional herbal compounds containing Fuzi have achieved positive clinical results in tumor treatment. And the polysaccharide isolated from Fuzi has attracted much attention as a potential immunomodulator. However, its immunomodulatory mechanism remains to be further studied. Aim of the study. Fuzi neutral polysaccharide (FNPS) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) were combined to treat Hepatoma 22 (H22) tumor-bearing mice, and its mechanism of ameliorating immunosuppression caused by CTX was studied. Methods: FNPS was isolated and purified. The molecular weight, functional groups, monosaccharide composition, and apparent morphology were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ion chromatography and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Through the analysis of tumor, immune organs, and serum cytokine levels of H22 tumor-bearing mice, the immunomodulatory effect and the protective effect on immunosuppressive mice induced by CTX was evaluated. And the immunomodulatory activity of FNPS was further verified by macrophage functional experiments. Results: FNPS was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 0.008:0.017:0.018:0.908:0.048. Its molecular weight was 94 kDa. In vivo experiments showed that 200 mg mL-1 FNPS could alleviate the suppression of immune organs and immune cells caused by CTX treatment, enhance the antitumor effect of CTX, increase the serum levels of Th1 immune-related pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), and decrease Th2 immune-related anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and tumor-related pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) in the chemotherapy mice. Functional experiments revealed that 25 μg mL-1 FNPS could promote phagocytosis and proliferation of macrophages. When the concentration reached 50 μg mL-1, it enhanced the migration activity. Conclusion: FNPS has the potential to alleviate the immunosuppressive effect of CTX by activating immune cells and promoting inflammation. It could be used as a potential auxiliary medication for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan He, ; Li Han, ; Dingkun Zhang,
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan He, ; Li Han, ; Dingkun Zhang,
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan He, ; Li Han, ; Dingkun Zhang,
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11
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Li Q, Liu W, Zhang H, Chen C, Liu R, Hou H, Luo Q, Yu Q, Ouyang H, Feng Y, Zhu W. α-D-1,3-glucan from Radix Puerariae thomsonii improves NAFLD by regulating the intestinal flora and metabolites. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120197. [PMID: 36876767 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Radix Puerariae thomsonii, the root of the botanical family Fabaceae species Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (Benth.) MR Almeida, can be used as food or medicine. Polysaccharides are important active constituents of this root. A low molecular weight polysaccharide, RPP-2 having α-D-1,3-glucan as the main chain, was isolated and purified. RPP-2 could promote the growth of probiotics in-vitro. Therefore, the effects of RPP-2 on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) C57/BL6J mouse models were investigated. RPP-2 could reduce HFD-induced liver injury by reducing inflammation, glucose metabolism, and steatosis, thereby improving NAFLD. RPP-2 regulated the abundances of intestinal floral genera Flintibacter, Butyricicoccus, and Oscillibacter, and their metabolites Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), thereby improving inflammation, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism signaling pathways. These results confirmed that RPP-2 play a prebiotic role by regulating intestinal flora and microbial metabolites, playing a multi-pathway and multi-target role in improving NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Chong Chen
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, PR China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Hengwei Hou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Quan Luo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Qinqin Yu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
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12
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Olennikov DN, Kashchenko NI, Gadimli AI, Isaev DI. Polysaccharides from Three Species of Gentiana. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Fu YP, Li CY, Peng X, Zou YF, Rise F, Paulsen BS, Wangensteen H, Inngjerdingen KT. Polysaccharides from Aconitum carmichaelii leaves: Structure, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Li Q, Liu W, Feng Y, Hou H, Zhang Z, Yu Q, Zhou Y, Luo Q, Luo Y, Ouyang H, Zhang H, Zhu W. Radix Puerariae thomsonii polysaccharide (RPP) improves inflammation and lipid peroxidation in alcohol and high-fat diet mice by regulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:858-870. [PMID: 35439478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the important active constituents of Radix Puerariae thomsonii. Numerous studies have shown that polysaccharides can regulate gut microbiota, repair intestinal barrier, and affect the microbiota-intestine-liver axis, thereby showing therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders. In this study, Radix Puerariae thomsonii polysaccharide (RPP) was extracted from Radix Puerariae thomsonii. The average Mw of RPP was determined to be 1.09 × 105 Da and the monosaccharide composition showed it consisted of glucose. The effects and underlying mechanisms of RPP on fatty liver were studied using C57/BL6J mice induced by alcohol and high-fat diet. The results showed that the oral supplementation of RPP could alleviate alcohol and high-fat diet-induced hepatic injury and steatosis. RPP also promoted intestinal barrier integrity and reduced inflammation through NF-κB signaling pathway. RPP could ameliorate the lipid peroxidation by AMPK/NADPH oxidase signaling pathway. Additionally, these improvements might be related to the enrichment of intestinal bacteria Parabacteroides (promote intestinal barrier integrity) and Prevotellaceae UCG 001 (activation of AMPK signaling pathway). These results demonstrated that RPP could improve inflammation and lipid peroxidation in the alcohol and high-fat diet mouse by restoring the intestinal barrier integrity and regulating the gut microbiota. This suggested that RPP was a potential food supplement for the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, PR China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hengwei Hou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Quan Luo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Yingying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
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15
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Chen R, Xu J, Wu W, Wen Y, Lu S, El-Seedi HR, Zhao C. Structure–immunomodulatory activity relationships of dietary polysaccharides. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1330-1341. [PMID: 36082139 PMCID: PMC9445227 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are usually composed of more than ten monosaccharide units, which are connected by linear or branched glycosidic bonds. The immunomodulatory effect of natural polysaccharides is one of the most important bioactive function. In this review, molecular weight, monosaccharide (including galactose, mannose, rhamnogalacturonan-I arabinogalactan and uronic acid), functional groups (namely sulfate, selenium, and acetyl groups), types of glycoside bond connection (including β-1,3-D-glucosyl, α-1,4-D-glucosyl, β-1,4-D-glucosyl, α-1,6-D-glucosyl, β-1,4-D-mannosyl, and β-1,4-D-Xylopyranosyl), conformation and the branching degrees are systematically identified as their contribution to the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides. At present, studies on the structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides are limited due to their low purity and high heterogeneity. However, it is an important step in providing useful guidance for dietary supplements with polysaccharides. The chemical structures and the process of immune responses induced are necessary to be discussed. Polysaccharides may bind with the cell surface receptors to modulate immune responses. This review mainly discusses the structure-activity relationship of dietary polysaccharides. Structure - activity relationships of polysaccharides with immune-enhancing effect are proposed. Polysaccharides with the higher molecular weight are helpful to improve immunity. Higer galactose, mannose, rhamnogalacturonan-I, arabinogalacta,n and uronic acid contents have immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingxiang Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Suyue Lu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Corresponding author.No.15 Shangxiadian Rd, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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16
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Yu J, Ye M, Li K, Wang F, Shi X, Pan C, Yang X, Gao X, Liu W. Fragments of a pectin from Arctium lappa L: Molecular properties and intestinal regulation activity. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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17
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Chengxiao Y, Dongmei W, Kai Z, Hou L, Xiao H, Ding T, Liu D, Ye X, Linhardt RJ, Chen S. Challenges of pectic polysaccharides as a prebiotic from the perspective of fermentation characteristics and anti-colitis activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118377. [PMID: 34364621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies are described that contribute to the systematic exploration of new aspects of digestion, fermentation, and biological activities of pectic polysaccharides (PPS) leading to a better understanding of prebiotics. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be associated with the dysbacteriosis induced by different environmental agents in genetically susceptible persons. PPS are considered as an indispensable gut-microbiota-accessible carbohydrate that play a dominant role in maintaining gut microbiota balance and show a better effect in ameliorating IBD than some traditional prebiotics. The aim of this review is to summarize the fermentation characteristics of PPS, highlight its role in improving IBD, and propose a view that PPS may be a new and effective prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chengxiao
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Dongmei
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Kai
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems, Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Structural analysis and biological effects of a neutral polysaccharide from the fruits of Rosa laevigata. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118080. [PMID: 33966844 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A neutral water-soluble polysaccharide (RLP50-2) was extracted and purified from the fruits of Rosa laevigata. The absolute molecular weight was determined as 1.26 × 104 g/mol. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that RLP50-2 mainly consisted of glucose, arabinose, and galactose. Structural analysis revealed that RLP50-2 consisted of →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →2)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, terminal α-L-arabinose, and terminal β-D-mannose. Biological assays showed that RLP50-2 had immunomodulatory activities using cell and zebrafish models. Moreover, RLP50-2 showed significantly antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration and blocking angiogenesis. These results suggested that RLP50-2 could be developed as a potential immunomodulatory agent or antitumor candidate drug in biomedicine field.
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Song X, Cui W, Gao Z, Zhang J, Jia L. Structural characterization and amelioration of sulfated polysaccharides from Ganoderma applanatum residue against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107554. [PMID: 33812257 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides and their derivatives have attracted academic attention due to their extensive physiological activities. However, the hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity have not been well elucidated. The objectives of this study were to characterize the structural properties of sulfated Ganoderma applanatum residue polysaccharides (SGRP) and to evaluate their inhibitory effects on liver fibrosis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. Our in vivo study showed that SGRP was hepatoprotective in CCl4-induced chronic liver injury mice. It reduced the histopathological damages, down-regulated CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1) expression, reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, improved the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines. The structural studies indicated that SGRP is a heteropolysaccharide with 7.8% sulfur content and α-linked residue. Our study projects SGRP as a potential candidate in anti-fibrosis treatment by using it as a food supplement or in medicines produced by pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Weijun Cui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
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20
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Jiang M, Cui BW, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Genus Gentiana: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113391. [PMID: 32931880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the largest genus of Gentianaceae family, the Gentiana genus harbors over 400 species, widely distributed in the alpine areas of temperate regions worldwide. Plants from Gentiana genus are traditionally used to treat a wide variety of diseases including easing pain dispelling rheumatism, and treating liver jaundice, chronic pharyngitis and arthritis in China since ancient times. In this review, a systematic and constructive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, toxicology and pharmacological activities of the researched species of genus Gentiana is provided. MATERIALS AND METHODS The used information in this review is based on various databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, Wanfang Data, Web of Science) through a search using the keyword "Gentiana" in the period of 1981-2019. Besides, other ethnopharmacological information was acquired from Chinese herbal classic books and Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. RESULTS The plants from Gentiana genus have a long tradition of various medicinal uses in Europe and Asia. Phytochemical studies showed that the main bioactive components isolated from this genus includes iridoids xanthones and flavonoids. These compounds and extracts isolated from this genus show a wide range of protective activities including hepatic protection, gastrointestinal protection, cardiovascular protection, immunomodulation, joint protection, pulmonary protection, bone protection and reproductive protection. Molecular mechanism studies also indicated several potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of certain diseases by plants from this genus. Besides, natural products from this plant show no significant animal toxicity, cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. CONCLUSION This review summarized the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and molecular mechanism of genus Gentiana, providing references and research tendency for plant-based drug development and further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ben-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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21
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Ma F, Liu H, Xu S, Cheng Y, Fei Q, Chen H. Isolation of an acidic polysaccharide from the flowers of Leucosceptrum canum Smith and its immunomodulatory activity evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:177-184. [PMID: 33421465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (LCP-05) was isolated from the flowers of Leucosceptrum canum Smith. LCP-05 was an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of approximately 8.9 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that LCP-05 was composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal and Ara in a molar ratio of 0.83:1.68:0.33:2.15:1.00:1.45:1.22. The framework of LCP-05 was speculated to be a branched rhamnogalacturonan with the backbone consisting of α-1,2,4-linked Rhap and α-1,4-linked GalAp, and bearing branches at the O-4 position of the Rha residues. The side chains are terminated primarily with the Araf and Glcp residues. LCP-05 was found to be able to significantly induce the production of NO, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells, and to induce RAW 264.7 cell's suppressive effect on both cell growth and cell migration of 4 T1 mammary breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Ma
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hongbing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Su Xu
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China
| | - Yongyou Cheng
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China
| | - Haijiang Chen
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China
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22
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Song J, Geng X, Su Y, Zhang X, Tu L, Zheng Y, Wang M. Structure feature and antidepressant-like activity of a novel exopolysaccharide isolated from Marasmius androsaceus fermentation broth. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1646-1655. [PMID: 33039535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure and antidepressant like activity of MEPS2 extracted from Marasmius androsaceus subjected to submerged fermentation was systematically studied. MEPS2 is a pyranoid polysaccharide composed of glucose and arabinose, which have a molar ratio of 0.56:0.08. The molecular weight was 85,944 Da. The NMR spectrum suggested the extracted MEPS2 contained uronic acid, and the glucosyl linkage was in α form, in accordance with the analysis of FT-IR spectrum. MEPS2 can considerably enhance the levels of noradrenalin (NE) and dopamine (DA) by ELISA. In addition, western blotting results indicated that MEPS2 can enhance the expression levels of TH, D2DR, and CAMKII. Furthermore, we found that AMPT, raclopride, and prazosin blocked the immobility and time-reducing effect of MEPS2. Overall, the antidepressant-like effect of MEPS2 may be involved in catecholamine synthesis and release, and TH, D2DR and CAMKII play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoqi Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Linna Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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23
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Tong X, Qi X, Mao R, Pan W, Zhang M, Wu X, Chen G, Shen J, Deng H, Hu R. Construction of functional curdlan hydrogels with bio-inspired polydopamine for synergistic periodontal antibacterial therapeutics. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116585. [PMID: 32718654 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Curdlan, a bacteria-derived polysaccharide resource, possesses substantial potential for periodontal antimicrobial delivery. Here, the facile engineering of a functionalized curdlan/polydopamine (PDA) composite hydrogels was reported. The physiochemical evaluations of composite hydrogels proved their tunable properties associated with concentration of PDA including pore size, rheological property and swelling behavior. We have systematically assessed biocompatibility in vitro and found these hydrogels toxicity-free. Moreover, photothermal performance upon near infrared light (NIR) exposure was conducted and eventually indicated the best matches for antibacterial application. The acetate chlorhexidine (CHX) was chosen as a model antimicrobial and the release profiles demonstrated the entrapped CHX could be triggered and nicely controlled by NIR. The optimized bacteriostatic rate reached 99.9 %. Overall, we aimed to provide new curdlan-based hydrogels for periodontal antibacterial treatment by combining photothermal effect and antimicrobial simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Tong
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Xiaoliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Ruiting Mao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinsan Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, 325001, China.
| | - Hui Deng
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Rongdang Hu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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24
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Zhang S, Li Z, Wang X, An L, Bao J, Zhang J, Cui J, Li Y, Jin DQ, Tuerhong M, Abudukeremu M, Ohizumi Y, Xu J, Guo Y. Isolation, structural elucidation, and immunoregulation properties of an arabinofuranan from the rinds of Garcinia mangostana. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116567. [PMID: 32747240 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In our search for bioactive polysaccharides as immunomodulatory agents, an arabinofuranan (GMP90-1) was purified and characterized from the rinds of Garcinia mangostana L. GMP90-1 (absolute molecular weight: 5.30 × 103 g/mol) was found to be composed of arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose. The backbone of GMP90-1 was determined as (1→5)-linked α-l-Araf, (1→2,3,5)-linked α-l-Araf, (1→3,5)-linked α-l-Araf, (1→6)-linked β-d-Galp, and (1→2)-linked α-l-Rhap. Conformational analysis revealed GMP90-1 to exist as a rigid rod structure in sodium chloride solution. To explore its potential as immunomodulatory agents, an in vitro cell screening was performed and GMP90-1 was found to significantly enhance the phagocytic uptake of neutral red and improve the secreted level of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of macrophages. Furthermore, the cellular immunomodulatory activities were confirmed by the in vivo zebrafish experiment, which suggested that GMP90-1 with immunomodulatory effects could be considered as a potential immunomodulatory for immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Cui
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Munira Abudukeremu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang C, Fu S, Zhang J, Fu C. Extraction, structural characterization, and immunoregulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:314-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Chu Q, Jia R, Chen W, Liu Y, Li Y, Ye X, Jiang Y, Zheng X. Purified Tetrastigma hemsleyanum vines polysaccharide attenuates EC-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16/FOXO pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1192-1202. [PMID: 31739013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl Carbamate (EC), as a carcinogen widely found in fermented foods, was verified that its cytotoxicity was associated with oxidative stress. Polysaccharides from natural sources due to their antioxidative capacity have attracted great attention in the past time. In this study, purified polysaccharide from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum vines (TVP) with 64.89 kDA was extracted and conducted multiple analysis to identify its structural information. It could be discovered that TVP was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. In vitro, TVP could inhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, attenuate oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by EC in Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, TVP could suppress apoptosis by mTOR and Bcl-2 signaling pathways, ameliorate oxidative via Sirt1-FoxO1 and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathways. In vivo, EC as well triggered the decline of survival and athletic ability in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and TVP could reverse the decline. In the meantime, TVP could ameliorate oxidative damage in N2 and daf-2 (-) mutant but fail in daf-16 (-) mutant, which suggested that DAF-16 (FOXO) might affect the antioxidative protection of TVP in C. elegans. In brief, our results manifested that TVP could attenuate EC-induced cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyi Jia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglu Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shanghai Zhengyue Enterprise Management Co, Ltd., 19th Floor, Block B, Xinchengkonggu Building, No. 388 Zhongjiang Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 600062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Yuan J, Yan X, Chen X, Jiang X, Ye K, Xiong Q, Kong J, Huang Y, Jiang C, Xu T, Xie G. A mild and efficient extraction method for polysaccharides from Sinonovacula constricta and study of their structural characteristic and antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:913-921. [PMID: 31678104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop a mild and efficient extraction method for polysaccharides from Sinonovacula constricta (SCP) using enzyme extraction, and analyze the structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of the two purified polysaccharide fractions (SCP-1 and SCP-2). Firstly, enzyme extraction conditions were optimized, and the conditions were found to be, as follows: enzymolysis time 173.0 min, pH 8.2, enzymolysis temperature 50.0 ℃ and enzyme content 4.0%. Comparison between enzymatic extraction and water extraction was obtained from visual, UV-visible and IR spectrum images. The results clearly indicate that there is no significant difference between them with regard to the composition of the SCP fraction, but the polysaccharide content produced by enzymatic extraction is higher. Then, the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of SCP-1 and SCP-2 were investigated using FT-TR, UV, GC and HPGPC. The carbohydrate content, sulfuric radicals and uronic acids of the two fractions were detected. Both SCP-1 and SCP-2 were mainly consisted of glucose, but their molecular weights were different. In addition, compared the Fe2+ chelating activity, ABTS+ radical and superoxide radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of SCP-1 and SCP-2, it turned out that SCP-2 had stronger antioxidant activity than SCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoteng Yan
- Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinqi Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Keqi Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Yange Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Changxing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Guoyong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China; Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
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28
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Wu D, Zheng J, Mao G, Hu W, Ye X, Linhardt RJ, Chen S. Rethinking the impact of RG-I mainly from fruits and vegetables on dietary health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2938-2960. [PMID: 31607142 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1672037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) pectin is composed of backbone of repeating disaccharide units →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and neutral sugar side-chains mainly consisting of arabinose and galactose having variable types of linkages. However, since traditional pectin extraction methods damages the RG-I structure, the characteristics and health effects of RG-I remains unclear. Recently, many studies have focused on RG-I, which is often more active than the homogalacturonan (HG) portion of pectic polysaccharides. In food products, RG-I is common to fruits and vegetables and possesses many health benefits. This timely and comprehensive review describes the many different facets of RG-I, including its dietary sources, history, metabolism and potential functionalities, all of which have been compiled to establish a platform for taking full advantage of the functional value of RG-I pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guizhu Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Deng W, Yang X, Zhu Y, Yu J, Xu X. Structural characterization and hypolipidemic activities of purified stigma maydis polysaccharides. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2674-2683. [PMID: 31428354 PMCID: PMC6694425 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate structural features and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stigma maydis polysaccharide, termed SMP-1. This polysaccharide was composed of D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-galacturonic acid, with a molar ratio of 1.00:0.21:1.41:1.44:0.70:0.44:0.56. The SMP-1 was mainly bonded by (1 → 6) and (1 → 3) linkages, with various monosaccharides being evenly distributed in the main and side chains. Moreover, SMP-1 had neither triple-helical structure nor molecular aggregation. Importantly, the SMP-1 could effectively bind the bile acids in vitro and significantly lower the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and moderately increase the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Moreover, pretreatment with SMP-1 (≥300 mg/kg) could remarkably reduce fat accumulation and restore hepatocyte morphology in the liver of hyperlipidemic mice. Altogether, these findings indicated that SMP-1 could be developed as a safe and effective food supplement for preventing and treating hyperlipidemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
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Yi Y, Han MM, Huang F, Wang LM, Min T, Wang HX. Effects of a Lysine-Involved Maillard Reaction on the Structure and In Vitro Activities of Polysaccharides from Longan Pulp. Molecules 2019; 24:E972. [PMID: 30857341 PMCID: PMC6429078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of amino acid-involved Maillard reactions (MRs) on the structure and activities of longan pulp polysaccharides (LPs), which were heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, ribose, and galacturonic acid, were investigated. The changes of browning degree and molecular weight (Mw) distribution in the MR systems containing LPs and amino acids (lysine, proline, or glycine) indicated that lysine was more active in conjugating with LPs. The MR-modified LPs (MLPs) obtained via a 4 h MR between LPs and lysine showed obvious structural differences from LPs. Specifically, particle-like LPs contained 94% fractions with a Mw less than 7.07 kDa, by contrast, network-like MLPs contained 45% fractions with a Mw larger than 264.1 kDa. Moreover, MLPs showed stronger radical scavenging abilities and macrophage immunostimulating effects, but weaker cancer cell growth-inhibitory abilities. The results indicate that the amino acid-involved MR is a promising method to modify native polysaccharides for better biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yi
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Miao-Miao Han
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Hong-Xun Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Characterization of arabinogalactans from Larix principis-rupprechtii and their effects on NO production by macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:408-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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32
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Characterization, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and renoprotection effects of selenized mycelia polysaccharides from Oudemansiella radicata. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:1224-1234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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