1
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Li G, Guo Q, Chen Q, Ouyang K, Xie H, Xiong H, Du Y, Zhao Q. Valorizing Arthrospira cell residues into polysaccharides: Characterization and application in yogurt. Food Chem 2024; 461:140902. [PMID: 39173264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to extract and characterize polysaccharides from Arthrospira cell residue and evaluate their application in yogurt. Four Arthrospira polysaccharides (APP-50, APP-60, APP-70, and APP-80) were obtained by different ethanol concentrations. With the increase in ethanol concentration, the component peaks of polysaccharide became less and the components were simpler. The results showed that APP-60 had the highest neutral sugar content and the densest spherical structure. APP-50 had the highest protein content, the strongest antioxidant capacity, the porous structure, and the structure was incomplete. The addition of polysaccharides increased the viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, and particle size of yogurt, and improved the stability of yogurt during long-term storage. The microstructure of yogurt with added polysaccharides was tighter and more orderly than that of the control yogurt. This study demonstrated that Arthrospira polysaccharides could be used as functional ingredients to enhance the quality and nutritional value of yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Kefan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Hexiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yulan Du
- Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., 528451, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330200, China.
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2
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Xie RH, Xiao S, Chen X, Wang B, Hu YY, Wang JH. Separation, enrichment and cytoprotection of antioxidant peptides from Xuanwei ham using aqueous two-phase extraction. Food Chem 2024; 446:138600. [PMID: 38452500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
An ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 biphasic (aqueous two-phase) system was designed to effectively separate antioxidant peptides from Xuanwei ham, and its potential to prevent ultraviolet A-induced damage to skin cells was explored. Optimization via single factor experiments and response surface methodology revealed that under 20 % ethanol aqueous solution (w/w), 25.5 % (NH4)2SO4 aqueous solution (w/w), and pH 8.80 conditions, the optimal extraction ratio was 59.0 ± 1.73 %. In vitro antioxidant activity and cellular assays showed that the peptide purified in the upper phase exhibited strong antioxidant activity, increasing the viability of HaCat cells damaged by UVA irradiation from 56.14 ± 1.05 % to 66.3 ± 1.76 %. We used an in silico peptide screening strategy and identified 10 with potential antioxidant activity, emphasizing the important role of amino acids Pro, Gly, and Ala in antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hong Xie
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yao-Yao Hu
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ji-Hui Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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3
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Zhang F, Muhire J, Sun X, Pei D, Huang X. Comparison of two different multiple dual-mode counter-current chromatograph for separation of ketoconazole enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464724. [PMID: 38350351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In this work, two different multiple dual-mode (MDM) counter-current chromatography methods, conventional MDM and modified MDM elution modes, were compared for the chiral separation of the ketoconazole enantiomers. The biphasic solvent system which consisted of n-hexane: isobutyl acetate: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer (2:4:6, v/v) (pH = 8.5) was employed as stationary phase and mobile phase. And the hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) with a concentration of 100 mmol/L was dissolved in the phosphate buffer, as the chiral selector. Under two different methods, dual-mode (DM) elution was performed to determine the time of the transformed phase roles and multiple cycles were performed to isolate ketoconazole, respectively. The result indicated that the modified MDM elution had a significant improvement on the separation, increasing the resolution from 0.51 to 1.19, while the resolution was increased from 0.40 to 0.79 by the conventional MDM elution. Ultimately, baseline separation of ketoconazole enantiomers was essentially achieved by high-speed counter-current chromatography under optimized modified MDM separation conditions. The final recoveries of the two enantiomers, R-(K) and S-(K), were 92.5 % and 83.3 %, respectively, corresponding to enantiomeric excess values of 99.0 % and 97.0 %, as determined by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jules Muhire
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinyi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Fan JH, Xiong LQ, Huang W, Hong JQ, Guo HK, Wong KH, Cheung PCK, Yang QQ, Zhang BB. Exopolysaccharides produced by Antrodia cinnamomea using microparticle-enhanced cultivation: Optimization, primary structure and antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128872. [PMID: 38154720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Microparticle-enhanced cultivation was used to enhance the production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from Antrodia cinnamomea. The structure and antibacterial activity of two EPSs produced by A. cinnamomea treated with Al2O3 [EPS-Al (crude) and EPS-Al-p (purified)] and without Al2O3 [EPS-C (crude) and EPS-C-p (purified)] were compared. It was observed that the addition of 4 g/L Al2O3 at 0 h resulted in the highest EPS yield of 1.46 g/L, possible attributed to the enhanced permeability of the cell membrane. The structural analysis revealed that EPS-C-p and EPS-Al-p had different structures. EPS-C-p was hyperbranched and spherical with a Mw of 10.8 kDa, while EPS-Al-p was irregular and linear with a Mw of 12.5 kDa. The proportion of Man in EPS-Al-p decreased, while those of Gal and Glc increased when compared to EPS-C-p. The total molar ratios of 6-Glcp and 4-Glcp in EPS-Al-p are 1.45 times that of EPS-C-p. Moreover, EPSs could alter bacterial cell morphology, causing intracellular substance leakage and growth inhibition, with EPS-Al having a stronger antibacterial activity than EPS-C. In conclusion, A. cinnamomea treated with Al2O3 could produce more EPSs, changing monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage profile, which could exert stronger antibacterial activity than that produced by untreated A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, PR China; Xingning NO.1 Middle School, Meizhou 514523, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lin-Qiang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huang-Kai Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, PR China.
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5
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Li A, La M, Wang Y, Chen T, Mian R, He F, Li Y, Zou D. Target-guided isolation and purification of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors from Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch. by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with ultrafiltration liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300722. [PMID: 38234021 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch. is used extensively in traditional Tibetan medicine for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, six cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were purified from M. integrifolia using high-speed counter-current chromatography guided by ultrafiltration liquid chromatography (ultrafiltration-LC). First, ultrafiltration-LC was performed to profile the COX-2 inhibitors in M. integrifolia. The reflux extraction conditions were further optimized using response surface methodology, and the results showed that the targeted COX-2 inhibitors could be well enriched under the optimized extraction conditions. Then the six target COX-2 inhibitors were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with a solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (4:1:4, v/v/v. Finally, the six COX-2 inhibitors, including 21.2 mg of 8-hydroxyluteolin 7-sophoroside, 29.6 mg of 8-hydroxyluteolin 7-[6'''-acetylallosyl-(1→2)-glucoside], 42.5 mg of Sinocrassoside D3, 54.1 mg of Hypolaetin 7-[6'''-acetylallosyll-(l→2)-3''-acetylglucoside, 30.6 mg of Hypolaetin 7-[6'''-acetylallosyll-(l→2)-6''-acetylglucoside and 17.8 mg of Hypolaetin were obtained from 500 mg of sample. Their structures were elucidated by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. This study reveals that ultrafiltration-LC combined with high-speed counter-current chromatography is a robust and efficient strategy for target-guided isolation and purification of bioactive molecules. It also enhances the scientific understanding of the anti-inflammatory properties of M. integrifolia but also paves the way for its further medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Mencuo La
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Ruisha Mian
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang He
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Denglang Zou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
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6
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Cao Y, Kou R, Huang X, Wang N, Di D, Wang H, Liu J. Separation of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum L. by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with aqueous two-phase system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128282. [PMID: 38008142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The traditional method for isolation and purification of polysaccharides is time-consuming. It often involves toxic solvents that destroy the function and structure of the polysaccharides, thus limiting in-depth research on the essential active ingredient of Lycium barbarum L. Therefore, in this study, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) were combined for the separation of crude polysaccharides of Lycium barbarum L. (LBPs). Under the optimized HSCCC conditions of PEG1000-K2HPO4-KH2PO4-H2O (12:10:10:68, w/w), 1.0 g of LBPs-ILs was successfully divided into three fractions (126.0 mg of LBPs-ILs-1, 109.9 mg of LBPs-ILs-2, and 65.4 mg of LBPs-ILs-3). Moreover, ATPS was confirmed as an efficient alternative method of pigment removal for LBPs purification, with significantly better decolorization (97.1 %) than the traditional H2O2 method (88.5 %). Then, the different partitioning behavior of LBPs-ILs in the two-phase system of HSCCC was preliminarily explored, which may be related to the difference in monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides. LBPs-ILs-1 exhibited better hypoglycemic activities than LBPs-ILs-2 and LBPs-ILs-3 in vitro. Therefore, HSCCC, combined with aqueous two-phase system, was an efficient separation and purification method with great potential for separating and purifying active polysaccharides in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Renbo Kou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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7
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Liao B, Zheng J, Xia C, Chen X, Xu Q, Duan B. The potential, challenges, and prospects of the genus Spirulina polysaccharides as future multipurpose biomacromolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127482. [PMID: 37866586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina has been widely used worldwide as a food and medicinal ingredient for centuries. Polysaccharides are major bioactive constituents of Spirulina and are of interest because of their functional properties and unlimited application potential. However, the clinical translation and market industrialization of the polysaccharides from genus Spirulina (PGS) are retarded due to the lack of a further understanding of their isolation, bioactivities, structure-activity relationships (SARs), toxicity, and, most importantly, versatile applications. Herein, we provide an overview of the extraction, purification, and structural features of PGS; meanwhile, the advances in bioactivities, SARs, mechanisms of effects, and toxicity are discussed and summarized. Furthermore, the applications, potential developments, and future research directions are scrutinized and highlighted. This review may help fill the knowledge gap between theoretical insights and practical applications and guide future research and industrial application of PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jiamei Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xubing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
| | - Qingshan Xu
- Lijiang Cheng Hai Bao Er Biological Development Co., Ltd, Lijiang, Yunnan 674100, China.
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
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El-Ratel IT, El-Kholy KH, Mousa NA, El-Said EA. Impacts of selenium nanoparticles and spirulina alga to alleviate the deleterious effects of heat stress on reproductive efficiency, oxidative capacity and immunity of doe rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3519-3532. [PMID: 36688617 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2168198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary inclusion of spirulina platensis (SP) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) combination (SP-SeNPs) on the reproductive performance in vivo and in vitro, reproductive and metabolic hormones, hemato-bichemical parameters, oxidative stress, and immunity of heat-stressed doe rabbis were evaluated. All supplements significantly increased live litter size at birth and weaning, viability rate at birth, hemoglobin and red blood cells, and plasma T3, T4, insulin, total proteins and albumin compared with control. Plasma estradiol 17-β (pre-mating), progesterone (mid-pregnancy), and prolactin (day -7 postpartum) were significantly increased only by SeNPs (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg). All dietary supplements significantly reduced WBCs, cortisol, lipid profile, and improved liver and kidney functions. Immunoglobulins levels, antioxidants capacity were significantly increased, superoxide dismutase was increased by SeNPs (0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg), while malondialdehyde was reduced by 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 SeNPs mg/kg. Sexual receptivity, pregnancy rate, viability rate at weaning, ovulation rate, and embryo quality were significantly increased by increasing SeNPs above 0.1 mg, while embryo yield was increased by >0.2 mg SeNPs/kg. A combination of SP and SeNPs, could be potentially used as a strong antioxidant to enhance heat regulation and doe rabbit reproduction via improving reproductive and metabolic hormones, antioxidant status and immunological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T El-Ratel
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Khaled H El-Kholy
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Nawal A Mousa
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eman A El-Said
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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9
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Li A, La M, Wang H, Zhao J, Wang Y, Mian R, He F, Wang Y, Yang T, Zou D. Target-Guided Isolation and Purification of Antioxidants from Urtica laetevirens Maxim. by HSCCC Combined with Online DPPH-HPLC Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7332. [PMID: 37959752 PMCID: PMC10650309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urtica laetevirens Maxim. is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its potent antioxidative properties. In this study, three antioxidants were purified from U. laetevirens. using HSCCC guided by online DPPH-HPLC analysis. Firstly, the online DPPH-HPLC analysis was performed to profile out the antioxidant active molecules in U. laetevirens. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology and the results showed the targeted antioxidant active molecules could be well enriched under the optimized extraction conditions. Then, the antioxidant active molecules were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (2:3:5, v/v/v) as the solvent system. Finally, the three targets including 16.8 mg of Isovitexin, 9.8 mg of Isoorientin, and 26.7 mg of Apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-d-glucopyranoside were obtained from 100 mg of sample. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Li
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Mencuo La
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Huichun Wang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Jianzhong Zhao
- Agricultural and Rural Science and Technology Guidance Development Service Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, China;
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ruisha Mian
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Fangfang He
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tingqin Yang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
| | - Denglang Zou
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (A.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.M.); (F.H.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.)
- Agricultural and Rural Science and Technology Guidance Development Service Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, China;
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10
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Polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis: Extraction methods, structural features and bioactivities diversity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123211. [PMID: 36632963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis, a well-known blue-green microalga cultivated and consumed in China and United States, is traditionally used as a food supplement and medical ingredient. Increasing evidence has confirmed that the Spirulina platensis polysaccharides (SPPs) are vital and representative pharmacologically active biomacromolecules and exhibit multiple health-promoting activities both in vivo and in vitro, such as those of anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic, anti-thrombotic, anti-viral, regulation of the gut microbiota properties and other biological activity. The purpose of this review aims to comprehensively and systematically outline the extraction and purification methods, structural features, biological activities, underlying mechanisms, and toxicities of SPPs to support their potential utilization value in pharmaceuticals fields and functional foods. The structural and activities relationship of SPPs is also discussed. Besides, new valuable insights for future research with SPPs have also been proposed in the important areas of structural characterization and pharmacological activities.
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11
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Zhang FX, Muhire J, Sun X, Pei D, Di DL, Huang XY. An overview of recent progress in multiple dual-mode counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023:e2201023. [PMID: 36794808 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Counter-current chromatography is a chromatographic separation and purification technique being developed. The development of different elution modes has significantly contributed to this field. Multiple dual-mode elution is a method developed based on dual-mode elution, which consists of a series of changing cycles of the phase role and the direction by switching between normal and reverse elution modes of counter-current chromatography. This dual-mode elution method takes full advantage of the liquid nature of stationary and mobile phases of counter-current chromatography and effectively improves the separation efficiency. So, this unique elution mode has gained extensive attention for separating complex samples. This review mainly describes and summarizes in detail its development, applications, and characteristics in recent years. Meanwhile, its advantages, limitations, and future outlook also have been discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jules Muhire
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Velho P, Marques L, Macedo EA. Extraction of Polyphenols and Vitamins Using Biodegradable ATPS Based on Ethyl Lactate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227838. [PMID: 36431939 PMCID: PMC9698203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing human population, together with the inefficient use of natural resources, has been dramatically increasing the production of food waste, which poses serious economic, environmental, and social problems. Being so, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of food consumption so as to reduce its waste and to convert the remaining residues into societal benefits. Since this biowaste is rich in polyphenols and vitamins, it could become the feedstock for the production of important value-added compounds for the pharmaceutical (e.g., food supplements) and cosmetic (e.g., creams and shampoos) industries. In this work, partition studies of one polyphenol (epicatechin) and two B-complex vitamins (cyanocobalamin and nicotinic acid) were performed in biodegradable Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) based on ethyl lactate and on organic salts (disodium tartrate, tripotassium citrate, and trisodium citrate) at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa. The largest partition coefficient (K) and extraction efficiency (E) were obtained for vitamin B12 (K=78.56, E=97.5%) for the longest tie line TLL=77.66% in the ATPS {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)}. All the extractions were obtained with low biomolecule mass losses in quantification (<5%) and after a thorough study of pH influence in the UV−Vis absorbance spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Velho
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Marques
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-411-653
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13
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Dang J, Lv Y, Li C, Fang Y, Li G, Wang Q. Integrated chromatographic approach for the discovery of gingerol antioxidants from Dracocephalum heterophyllum and their potential targets. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4133-4145. [PMID: 36226573 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01282k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a traditional Tibetan medicine, Dracocephalum heterophyllum has many benefits, but due to the complicated procedures of separation and purification of its chemical constituents, there are few reports on gingerols. In this study, four antioxidative gingerols were isolated from Dracocephalum heterophyllum by an integrated chromatographic approach. Antioxidant activity was then determined by in vitro experiments and its potential targets of action were investigated. First, the extract was pretreated using silica gel, MCI GEL®CHP20P, and diol and spherical medium pressure columns, while the antioxidant peaks were identified using an online HPLC-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl system. Then, the antioxidant peaks were directionally separated and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography to obtain four gingerols with a purity higher than 95%, namely 5-methoxy-6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-paradol, and diacetoxy-6-gingerdiol. Finally, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays and cellular antioxidant experiments were carried out, and molecular docking was used to explore potential antioxidant targets. The isolated gingerols upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), while they had little effect on the activity of nadph:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). This method can efficiently prepare and isolate antioxidative gingerols from Dracocephalum heterophyllum, and it can be extended to isolate antioxidants from other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, PR China.
| | - Yue Lv
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, PR China.
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Chengzhao Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Yan Fang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Qilan Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, PR China.
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14
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Extraction, Characterization, and Platelet Inhibitory Effects of Two Polysaccharides from the Cs-4 Fungus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012608. [PMID: 36293463 PMCID: PMC9604242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with platelet hyperactivity, and downregulating platelet activation is one of the promising antithrombotic strategies. This study newly extracted two polysaccharides (purified exopolysaccharides, EPSp and purified intercellular exopolysaccharides, IPSp) from Cordyceps sinensis Cs-4 mycelial fermentation powder, and investigated the effects of the two polysaccharides and their gut bacterial metabolites on platelet functions and thrombus formation. EPSp and IPSp are majorly composed of galactose, mannose, glucose, and arabinose. Both EPSp and IPSp mainly contain 4-Galp and 4-Glcp glycosidic linkages. EPSp and IPSp significantly inhibited human platelet activation and aggregation with a dose-dependent manner, and attenuated thrombus formation in mice without increasing bleeding risk. Furthermore, the EPSp and IPSp after fecal fermentation showed enhanced platelet inhibitory effects. The results have demonstrated the potential value of Cs-4 polysaccharides as novel protective ingredients for cardiovascular diseases.
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15
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Yu C, Li L, Liang D, Wu A, Dong Q, Jia S, Li Y, Li Y, Guo X, Zang H. Glycosaminoglycan-based injectable hydrogels with multi-functions in the alleviation of osteoarthritis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Elbaz AM, Ahmed AMH, Abdel-Maqsoud A, Badran AMM, Abdel-Moneim AME. Potential ameliorative role of Spirulina platensis in powdered or extract forms against cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45578-45588. [PMID: 35149947 PMCID: PMC9209341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has become intensified and widespread, threatening the world with causing acute heatwaves that adversely affect poultry production and producers' profitability. Spirulina platensis is a precious and promising mitigating strategy to combat the detrimental impacts of heat stress due to its high contents of nutrients and bioactive components. The current study was designed to compare the incorporation impact of S. platensis powder or aqueous extract on the growth and physiological responses of heat-stressed broiler chicks. Six hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allocated into five experimental groups with six replicates of 20 chicks each. The control group fed the basal diet without additives, SPP1 and SPP2 groups fed the basal diet with 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg S. platensis powder, respectively, while SPE1 and SPE2 groups received 1 ml/L and 2 ml/L S. platensis aqueous extract in the drinking water, respectively. All birds were exposed to cyclic heat stress (34 ± 2 °C for 12 h) for three successive days a week from day 10 to day 35. In vitro analysis showed that total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of S. platensis were remarkably decreased (P < 0.001) in the aqueous extract compared to the powder form. Body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were improved (P < 0.001) in all treated groups, while carcass yield and dressing percentage were increased only in SPP1 and SPP2. Feed and water intake and blood biochemical parameters were not affected. Both forms of S. platensis enhanced the lipid profile, redox status, and humoral immune response of heat-stressed chicks superior to the powder form. Conclusively, the powder form of S. platensis was more effective in enhancing the productivity of broilers and alleviating the negative impacts of heat stress than the aqueous extract form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman M H Ahmed
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Aml M M Badran
- Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Spirulina platensis and biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles improve performance, antioxidant status, humoral immunity and dietary and ileal microbial populations of heat-stressed broilers. J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Zwerger M, Schwaiger S, Ganzera M. Efficient Isolation of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids from Marine Red Algae by Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020106. [PMID: 35200636 PMCID: PMC8879178 DOI: 10.3390/md20020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine rhodophyta are known to synthesize specific secondary metabolites, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), to protect themselves from harmful UV-radiation. Shinorine and porphyra-334 are among the most abundant representatives of this compound class. In the present work, a novel approach for their isolation is described. As a first step, a fast centrifugal partition chromatography method, with an aqueous two-phase system comprising water, ethanol, ammonium sulfate and methanol in ascending mode, was developed to isolate the two MAAs from crude aqueous-methanolic extracts of three algal species within 90 min. The compounds could be isolated when just one of them was present in a sample or also both at the same time. By employing solid phase extraction as a second purification step, the individual MAAs were obtained in high purity and good quantity within a much shorter time frame than the established purification protocols, e.g., semi-preparative HPLC. For example, from 4 g Porphyra sp. (Nori) crude extract, 15.7 mg shinorine and 36.2 mg porphyra-334 were isolated. Both were highly pure, as confirmed by TLC, HPLC-MS and NMR analyses.
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19
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Chen Z, Tan L, Yang B, Wu J, Li T, Wu H, Wu H, Xiang W. A mutant of seawater Arthrospira platensis with high polysaccharides production induced by space environment and its application potential. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Zhong C, Tian W, Chen H, Yang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Zhu S, Li P, Du B. Structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale leaves. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14023. [PMID: 34873736 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two kinds of polysaccharides from leaves of Dendrobium officinale, namely DLP-1 and DLP-2, were obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol sedimentation, and chromatographic separation using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. They were composed of different monosaccharides and the content of monosaccharides varied significantly while DLP-1 (Mw 1.38 × 106 Da) was mainly composed of mannose (71.69%) and glucose (22.89%), and DLP-2 (Mw 1.93 × 106 Da) was constituted by rhamnose (35.05%), arabinose (24.12%), and galactose (25.65%). A triple-helical conformation was exhibited by both of them. The scanning electron microscope image of DLP-1 showed an irregular and large lamellar shape, as well as a smooth surface and a porous interior, illustrating they had an amorphous structure. In contrast, DLP-2 revealed a rough, loose, and uneven surface consisting of large sponge-like particles. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that (1→4)-β-D-Manp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, and (1→4)-2-O-acetyl-β-D-Manp were the main linkage types of DLP-1, whereas DLP-2 was constituted by a large amount of (1→4)-β-D-Manp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, and other residues. Besides, DLP-1 and DLP-2 stimulated the proliferation and phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells and improved the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These results proved that both DLP-1 and DLP-2 possessed excellent immunoregulatory bioactivities and could be functional food or adjuvant drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The leaf of Dendrobium officinale is a by-product with huge biomass. The lack of systematic research on its chemical composition and pharmacologic effect, leading to a great waste of resources. In order to maximize the value of D. officinale, this study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics and immunologic effects of two polysaccharide fractions (DLP-1 and DLP-2) from D. officinale leaves, showing that DLP-1 and DLP-2 in D. officinale leaves could be used as anti-inflammatory agents to avoid wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenni Tian
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhu Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Zhu
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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The Extraction, Functionalities and Applications of Plant Polysaccharides in Fermented Foods: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123004. [PMID: 34945554 PMCID: PMC8701727 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides, as prebiotics, fat substitutes, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, thickeners and emulsifiers, have been immensely studied for improving the texture, taste and stability of fermented foods. However, their biological activities in fermented foods are not yet properly addressed in the literature. This review summarizes the classification, chemical structure, extraction and purification methods of plant polysaccharides, investigates their functionalities in fermented foods, especially the biological activities and health benefits. This review may provide references for the development of innovative fermented foods containing plant polysaccharides that are beneficial to health.
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22
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Song X, Fu H, Chen W. Effects of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides on quality improvement of fermented milk and antihyperlipidemic on streptozotocin-induced mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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23
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Flores-Gatica M, Castañeda-Aponte H, Gil-Garzon MR, Mora-Galvez LM, Banda-Magaña MP, Jáuregui-Jáuregui JA, Torres-Acosta MA, Mayolo-Deloisa K, Licona-Cassani C. Primary recovery of hyaluronic acid produced in Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus using PEG-citrate aqueous two-phase systems. AMB Express 2021; 11:123. [PMID: 34460012 PMCID: PMC8405770 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its biocompatibility, rheological, and physiological properties, hyaluronic acid (HA) has become a biomaterial of increasing interest with multiple applications in medicine and cosmetics. In recent decades, microbial fermentations have become an important source for the industrial production of HA. However, due to its final applications, microbial HA must undergo critical and long purification processes to ensure clinical and cosmetic grade purity. Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have proven to be an efficient technique for the primary recovery of high-value biomolecules. Nevertheless, their implementation in HA downstream processing has been practically unexplored. In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG)–citrate ATPS were used for the first time for the primary recovery of HA produced with an engineered strain of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The effects of PEG molecular weight (MW), tie-line length (TLL), volume ratio (VR), and sample load on HA recovery and purity were studied with a clarified fermentation broth as feed material. HA was recovered in the salt-rich bottom phase, and its recovery increased when a PEG MW of 8000 g mol−1 was used. Lower VR values (0.38) favoured HA recovery, whereas purity was enhanced by a high VR (3.50). Meanwhile, sample load had a negative impact on both recovery and purity. The ATPS with the best performance was PEG 8000 g mol−1, TLL 43% (w/w), and VR 3.50, showing 79.4% HA recovery and 74.5% purity. This study demonstrated for the first time the potential of PEG–citrate ATPS as an effective primary recovery strategy for the downstream process of microbial HA.
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Yu X, Huang L, You C, Huang L. Hepatoprotective Effects of Polysaccharide from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. on Rat Liver Injury Induced by CCl 4. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2885-2897. [PMID: 34262256 PMCID: PMC8275120 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s310263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The polysaccharide of Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall.) Lindl. (ARPS) is one of its important active ingredients. Hepatoprotective effects of ARPS on rat liver injury induced by CCl4 were studied. Methods ARPS was extracted using the ultrasonic method and successfully purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase aqueous system composed of 12.5% PEG 1000-20% K2HPO4:KH2PO4 (1:1). The HSCCC conditions were optimized, and the structure of ARPS was characterized. The hepatoprotective effects of ARPS against CCl4-induced chronic hepatic injury in SD rats were evaluated. Results The results showed that ARPS was a water-soluble polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 28,518 Da. It was composed of mannose, ribose, glucose, and arabian sugar; its monosaccharide molar ratio was glucose:ribose:arabinose:mannose = 54.24:13.20:1.09:1.00. The purity of ARPS was determined by HPLC to be 96.93%. The intervention effects of ARPS on CCl4-induced hepatic damage model in rats showed that ARPS could effectively reduce the activity of alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase, decrease the content of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide synthesis, and increase the content of glutathione. Pathology revealed that liver plate order, liver cell degeneration, and edema were improved; inflammatory cell infiltration was not observed after ARPS intervention. Conclusion ARPS had the function of antioxidant for protecting CCl4-induced injured liver, and the mechanisms were related to anti-lipid peroxidation, which could eliminate oxygen-free radicals and protect liver cells from attacks by free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen You
- Department of Pharmacy, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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25
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Xu H, Li X, Hao Y, Zhao X, Cheng Y, Zhang J. Highly selective separation of acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa using an ionic liquid based aqueous two–phase system. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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26
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Yu C, Zang H, Yang C, Liang D, Quan S, Li D, Li Y, Dong Q, Wang F, Li L. Study of chondroitin sulfate E oligosaccharide as a promising complement C5 inhibitor for osteoarthritis alleviation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112234. [PMID: 34225875 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which is highly prevalent worldwide. However, no therapy for blocking OA pathogenesis is available currently. In this study, chondroitin sulfate (CS) E oligosaccharides were prepared and we identified disaccharide as the functional unit showing the strongest anti-complement activity and screened out complement C5 as its target in the complement system. We determined that CS-E disaccharide produced anti-inflammatory effects to treat OA by regulating the complement system: it inhibited the formation of complement-dependent complexes such as the membrane-attack complex (MAC) by targeting C5 and suppressed MAC-induced protein expression and the activation of downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways accordingly. By identifying CS-E disaccharide which could be regarded as a complement regulator or inhibitor exhibiting high anti-complement activity and revealing its OA-alleviating mechanism, this study not only provides a new strategy for OA treatment and drug development, but also potentially offers a promising C5 target therapy for other associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shuang Quan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Yang Y, Khan BM, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Cheong KL, Liu Y. Advances in Separation and Purification of Bioactive Polysaccharides through High-speed Counter-Current Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 58:992-1000. [PMID: 32901274 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, with an extensive distribution in natural products, represent a group of natural bioactive substances having widespread applications in health-care food products and as biomaterials. Devising an efficient system for the separation and purification of polysaccharides from natural sources, hence, is of utmost importance in the widespread applicability and feasibility of research for the development of polysaccharide-based products. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) is a continuous liquid-liquid partitioning chromatography with the ability to support a high loading amount and crude material treatment. Due to its flexible two-phase solvent system, HSCCC has been successfully used in the separation of many natural products. Based on HSCCC unique advantages over general column chromatography and its enhanced superiority in this regard when coupled to aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), this review summarizes the separation and purification of various bioactive polysaccharides through HSCCC and its coupling to ATPS as an aid in future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Bilal Muhammad Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
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Luo A, Hu B, Feng J, Lv J, Xie S. Preparation, and physicochemical and biological evaluation of chitosan-Arthrospira platensis polysaccharide active films for food packaging. J Food Sci 2021; 86:987-995. [PMID: 33598924 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Active films from chitosan incorporated with Arthrospira platensis polysaccharide (APP) of various ratios (0.0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%, w/v) were developed by solution casting. The effect of APP on the structural, physicochemical, mechanical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of the chitosan-APP films (CA-film) was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed successful incorporation of chitosan and APP. The compact structure of the films was observed clearly in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggest the semi-crystalline structure was increased upon addition of APP. The composite films showed an improved water resistance and vapor barrier properties, and reduced by at least 27.4% and 32.1% in swelling degree (Sd ) and water vapor permeability (WVP) compared with chitosan film (C-film), respectively. However, the transparency decreased slightly, which may be due to the shrinkage of the spacing of the polymer interchain. The composite films also displayed enhanced the mechanical properties. The antimicrobial activity of the CA-film showed an increase of at least of 0.41-fold in inhibition zone diameter for E. coli. At a concentration of 1.2 mg/mL, the antioxidant activity of CA-film was enhanced by more than threefold compared with C-film. Therefore, CA-films have good potential as sources of active packaging material for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Luo
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, P. R. China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Bianfang Hu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Junping Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
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Yang M, Li R, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang B, Wang Y. Preparation, characterization and wound healing effect of alginate/chitosan microcapsules loaded with polysaccharides from Nostoc Commune Vaucher. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:025015. [PMID: 33605229 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abd051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active coating materials could promote the growth of granulation tissue as auxiliary materials, while natural polysaccharides could promote vascular regeneration and wound healing. Therefore, in this study, ultrasound-assisted extract of Nostoc commune Vaucher polysaccharides (UAP) yield after the process optimization was 12.89 ± 0.24%, which was used to prepare microcapsules by emulsification and cross-linking. The effect of alginate/chitosan-UAP composite materials on wound healing in an experimental rat model for 14 d and its physical properties were evaluated. In vitro experiments indicated that the UAP microcapsule material had a porous and loose three-dimensional network structure, and had good biocompatibility and swelling properties as a wound healing material. Animal experiments indicated that UAP microcapsules could extremely significantly promote wound healing (P < 0.01), and wound closure rate reached 79.16 ± 3.91% on 14th day. Meanwhile UAP microcapsules might promote angiogenesis and granulation growth by enhancing immunity and increasing the expression of VEGF and miR-21. Therefore, the composites of UAP microcapsules have shown encouraging results as a potential dressing for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baigang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China
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Bilal M, Gul I, Basharat A, Qamar SA. Polysaccharides-based bio-nanostructures and their potential food applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:540-557. [PMID: 33607134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are omnipresent biomolecules that hold great potential as promising biomaterials for a myriad of applications in various biotechnological and industrial sectors. The presence of diverse functional groups renders them tailorable functionalities for preparing a multitude of novel bio-nanostructures. Further, they are biocompatible and biodegradable, hence, considered as environmentally friendly biopolymers. Application of nanotechnology in food science has shown many advantages in improving food quality and enhancing its shelf life. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to develop polysaccharide-based nanostructures for possible food applications. Therefore, it is of immense importance to explore literature on polysaccharide-based nanostructures delineating their food application potentialities. Herein, we reviewed the developments in polysaccharide-based bio-nanostructures and highlighted their potential applications in food preservation and bioactive "smart" food packaging. We categorized these bio-nanostructures into polysaccharide-based nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanocomposites, dendrimeric nanostructures, and metallo-polysaccharide hybrids. This review demonstrates that the polysaccharides are emerging biopolymers, gaining much attention as robust biomaterials with excellent tuneable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Ijaz Gul
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Aneela Basharat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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Antioxidant Potential of Physicochemically Characterized Gracilaria blodgettii Sulfated Polysaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030442. [PMID: 33573123 PMCID: PMC7866499 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine rhodophyte polysaccharides have a wide range of described biological properties with nontoxic characteristics, and show great potential in prebiotics and the functional foods industries. However, there is a virtual lack of Gracilaria blodgettii polysaccharides (GBP) profiling and their bioactivities. This study was designed while keeping in view the lack of physical and chemical characterization of GBP. This polysaccharide was also not previously tested for any bioactivities. A linear random coil conformation was observed for GBP, which was found to be a polysaccharide. A significant sulfate (w/w, 9.16%) and 3,6-anhydrogalactose (AHG, w/w, 17.97%) content was found in GBP. The significant difference in its setting (27.33 °C) and melting (64.33 °C) points makes it resistant to increasing heat. This, in turn, points to its utility in industrial scale processing and in enhancing the shelf-life of products under high temperatures. A radical scavenging activity of 19.80%, 25.42% and 8.80% was noted for GBP (3 mg/mL) in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical (HO) scavenging assays, respectively. Therefore, the findings suggest that Gracilaria blodgettii polysaccharides display a good antioxidant potential and may have potential applications in the functional food industry.
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Abstract
Several microalgae species have been exploited due to their great biotechnological potential for the production of a range of biomolecules that can be applied in a large variety of industrial sectors. However, the major challenge of biotechnological processes is to make them economically viable, through the production of commercially valuable compounds. Most of these compounds are accumulated inside the cells, requiring efficient technologies for their extraction, recovery and purification. Recent improvements approaching physicochemical treatments (e.g., supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed electric fields, among others) and processes without solvents are seeking to establish sustainable and scalable technologies to obtain target products from microalgae with high efficiency and purity. This article reviews the currently available approaches reported in literature, highlighting some examples covering recent granted patents for the microalgae’s components extraction, recovery and purification, at small and large scales, in accordance with the worldwide trend of transition to bio-based products.
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Efficient extraction, antioxidant activities and anti-inflammation of polysaccharides from Notopterygium franchetii Boiss. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis In Vivo and Vitro and Their Activation Mechanism on RAW246.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110538. [PMID: 33126624 PMCID: PMC7692637 DOI: 10.3390/md18110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP) was obtained by ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) and purified by an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Two different methods were applied to purified Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP), respectively, due to PSP as a complex multi-component system. Three polysaccharide fractions (PSP-1, PSP-2, and PSP-3) with different acidic groups were obtained after PSP was fractionated by the diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-52 cellulose chromatography, and two polysaccharide fractions (PSP-L and PSP-H) with different molecular weight were obtained by ultrafiltration centrifugation. The chemoprotective effects of PSP in cyclophosphamide (Cy) treated mice were investigated. The results showed that PSP could significantly increase spleen and thymus index, peripheral white blood cells (PWBC), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The in vivo immunostimulatory assays demonstrated that PSP could in dose-dependent increase of TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ production in sera. The in vitro immunostimulatory assays showed that PSP and its fractions (PSPs) could evidently enhance the proliferation of splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells and increase the productions of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). PSPs could also enhance phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. The acidic polysaccharide fractions of PSP-2, PSP-3, and PSP-L with small molecular weight had the higher immunostimulatory activity. Signaling pathway research results indicated that PSP-L activated RAW264.7 cells through MAPKs, NF-κB signaling pathways via TLR4 receptor.
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Shi F, Liu Z, Liu Y, Cheong KL, Teng B, Khan BM. Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from Chlamys farreri. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E429. [PMID: 32824522 PMCID: PMC7459881 DOI: 10.3390/md18080429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the structure-activity relationship of Chlamys farreri polysaccharides on their immunostimulatory efficacy, two polysaccharides (CFP-1 and CFP-2) were extracted from Chlamys farreri by hot water extraction, and separated through column chromatography. The isolated CFPs were chemically analyzed to clarify their physicochemical characteristics and cultured with murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, in order to evaluate their immunostimulatory efficacy. Despite the fact that both CFP-1 and CFP-2 were mainly comprised of glucose lacking the triple-helix structure, as revealed through preliminary physicochemical analyses, obvious differences in regard to molecular weight (Mw), glucuronic acid content (GAc) and branching degree (BD) were observed between CFP-1 and CFP-2. In in vitro immunostimulatory assays for macrophage RAW264.7 cells, it was demonstrated that CFP-2 with larger Mw, more GAc and BD could evidently promote phagocytosis and increase the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, by activating the expression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β genes, respectively. Hence, CFP-2 shows great promise as a potential immunostimulatory agent in the functional foods and nutraceutical industry, while CFP-1, with lower molecular weight, less GAc and BD, displays its weaker immunostimulatory efficacy, based on the indistinctive immunostimulatory parameters of CFP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; (F.S.); (Z.L.); (K.-L.C.); (B.T.); (B.M.K.)
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Zhou N, Long H, Wang C, Zhu Z, Yu L, Yang W, Ren X, Liu X. Characterization of selenium-containing polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis and its protective role against Cd-induced toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2465-2476. [PMID: 32800953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, selenium-containing polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis (Se-SPP) was prepared and its structural characteristics and protective role against Cd-induced toxicity in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Se-SPP was alkali-extracted from selenium-containing Spirulina platensis which was cultured in Zarrouk medium supplemented with Na2SeO3. The contents of carbohydrate, protein, uronic acid, sulfate and elements (including Se, C, H, O, N, and S) as well as the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, surface morphology and FT-IR spectra of Se-SPP was compared to that of selenium-free polysaccharide (SPP). The results revealed that SPP and Se-SPP were both high-molecular-weight heteropolysaccharide with similar molecular weight and monosaccharide composition but significantly different selenium content, indicating that the covalently-bonding of a small amount of selenium did not destroy the original structure of polysaccharide. Furthermore, CdCl2 was utilized to build Cd-intoxicated cells model in vitro and rats model in vivo respectively. Then, the protective effect of Se-SPP against cadmium-induced toxicity was assessed. The results demonstrated that Se-SPP treatment provided significant protection against Cd-induced toxicity, which was superior compared to that of SPP or Na2SeO3 alone. The enhancement of protective role may be affected by the covalently-bonding of selenium to polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hairong Long
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chenghua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lian Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wanrong Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinying Ren
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Chikari F, Han J, Wang Y, Ao W. Synergized subcritical-ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction, purification, and characterization of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li J, Chi G, Wang L, Wang F, He S. Isolation, identification, and inhibitory enzyme activity of phenolic substances present in Spirulina. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13356. [PMID: 32627220 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina species are edible with high nutritional as well as potential therapeutic values. In this work, we show that phenolic extracts from Spirulina (p-Coumaric acid) possessed inhibitory potential on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.67 ± 0.02 mM) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 52.71 ± 3.01 mM). Moreover, p-Coumaric acid inhibited α-glucosidase and tyrosinase in a reversible mixed-type manner. Interestingly, molecular docking demonstrated that p-Coumaric acid penetrated in depth of the active-site of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase by the noncovalent force or interaction. Among them, making polar interactions with Cu2+ ions and the amino acid residue capable of forming cation-π significantly contribute to the strong binding of p-Coumaric acid on tyrosinase. p-Coumaric acid was isolated and identified from Spirulina for the first time, which can be used as a lead compound for the design of functional food additives and skin-lightening active ingredient in cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals against type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A natural, food-derived compound possessing the potential for the development of an anti-hyperglycaemic and skin-lightening supplement is very promising in cosmetics, functional food, and pharmaceuticals against type 2 diabetes. Herein, the present study is the first to present high levels of p-Coumaric acid from Spirulina, which simultaneously possessed inhibition potential on α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. Importantly, we gained initial information about the polypeptide-inhibitor interactions and underlying mechanisms for Spirulina's therapeutic effects, which will provide the bases for developing new drugs for preventing or treating type 2 diabetes and enzyme inhibitors. Moreover, this work also demonstrates the potential of the extraction of high-value chemicals from Spirulina waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiang Chi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Quanzhou Normal College, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shansheng He
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
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Gong Y, Huang XY, Pei D, Duan WD, Zhang X, Sun X, Di DL. The applicability of high-speed counter current chromatography to the separation of natural antioxidants. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461150. [PMID: 32505270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants play an essential role in human health, as they have been found to be capable of lowering the incidence of many diseases, such as cancer and angiocardiopathy. Currently, more attention is paid to natural antioxidants because of the possible insecurity of synthetic antioxidants. Thus, the development of efficient techniques or methods to separate antioxidants from natural sources is requested urgently. High-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) is a unique support-free liquid-liquid chromatographic technique and has been widely applied in the field of separation of natural products. In this review, we summarize and analyze the related researches on the application of HSCCC in the separation of various natural antioxidants so far. The purpose of the article is to provide a certain theoretical support for the separation of natural antioxidants by HSCCC, and to make full use of advantages of HSCCC in the separation of bioactive components. In particular, some key problems associated with the separation strategies, the structural categories of natural antioxidants, solvent system choices, and the application of different elution modes in HSCCC separation, are summarized and commented. We expect that the content reviewed can offer more evidence for the development of the field of natural antioxidants separation, so as to achieve large-scale preparation of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China; Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Da Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
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40
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Tang W, Liu D, Yin JY, Nie SP. Consecutive and progressive purification of food-derived natural polysaccharide: Based on material, extraction process and crude polysaccharide. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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41
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Chikari F, Han J, Wang Y, Luo P, He X, Kwaw E, Otu P. Dual‐frequency ultrasound‐assisted alcohol/salt aqueous two‐phase extraction and purification of
Astragalus
polysaccharides. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadzai Chikari
- School of Food & Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Juan Han
- School of Food & Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Food & Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Xingcheng He
- School of Food & Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Emmanuel Kwaw
- School of Applied Sciences and ArtsCape Coast Technical University Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Phyllis Otu
- School of Food & Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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An advanced and universal method to high-efficiently deproteinize plant polysaccharides by dual-functional tannic acid-feIII complex. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 226:115283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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43
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Khan BM, Qiu HM, Xu SY, Liu Y, Cheong KL. Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of sulphated polysaccharides derived from Porphyra haitanensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:1155-1161. [PMID: 31730957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to fully characterize Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides, and to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The polysaccharides primarily contained galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose in a molar ratio of 1.2:1.0, respectively and sulfate content about 3.8%. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is 2.5 × 105 Da. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of the polysaccharides pointed towards an irregular network with more or less hexagonal and a few rectangular pores. The chemical structure was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance structural characterization wherein → 4-3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranose-(1 → 3)-β-D-galactopyranose segments. The extracted polysaccharides revealed relatively high 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity (53.16% at 2 mg/mL), moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging efficacy (34.63% at 2 mg/mL), and low hydroxyl radical scavenging potential (23.80% at 2 mg/mL). Further purification of these polysaccharides, hence, is advised for their potential role as antioxidants in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Muhammad Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China; University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS - Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Hua-Mai Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
| | - Shu-Ying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
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44
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ShanChen, Khan BM, Cheong KL, Liu Y. Pumpkin polysaccharides: Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:842-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Khan BM, Qiu HM, Wang XF, Liu ZY, Zhang JY, Guo YJ, Chen WZ, Liu Y, Cheong KL. Physicochemical characterization of Gracilaria chouae sulfated polysaccharides and their antioxidant potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:255-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Liu Q, Yao C, Sun Y, Chen W, Tan H, Cao X, Xue S, Yin H. Production and structural characterization of a new type of polysaccharide from nitrogen-limited Arthrospira platensis cultivated in outdoor industrial-scale open raceway ponds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:131. [PMID: 31143244 PMCID: PMC6533678 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrates are major biomass source in fuel-targeted biorefinery. Arthrospira platensis is the largest commercialized microalgae with good environmental tolerance and high biomass production. However, the traditional target of A. platensis cultivation is the protein, which is the downstream product of carbohydrates. Aiming to provide the alternative non-food carbohydrates source, the feasible manipulation technology on the cultivation is needed, as well as new separation methodology to achieve maximum utilization of overall biomass. RESULTS The present study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of industrially producing carbohydrate-enriched A. platensis and characterize the structure of the polysaccharide involved. Cultivated in industrial-scale outdoor open raceway ponds under nitrogen limitation, A. platensis accumulated maximally 64.3%DW of carbohydrate. The maximum biomass and carbohydrate productivity reached 27.5 g m-2 day-1 and 26.2 g m-2 day-1, respectively. The efficient extraction and purification of the polysaccharides include a high-pressure homogenization-assisted hot water extraction followed by flocculation with a non-toxic flocculant ZTC1 + 1, with the polysaccharide purity and total recovery reaching 81% and 75%, respectively. The purified polysaccharide was mainly composed of (1→3)(1→4)- or (1→3)(1→2)-α-glucan with a molecular weight of 300-700 kDa, which differed from the commonly acknowledged glycogen. CONCLUSIONS By the way of controlled nitrogen limitation, the high carbohydrate production of A. platensis in the industrial scale was achieved. The α-glucan from A. platensis could be a potential glucose source for industrial applications. A non-toxic separation method of carbohydrate was applied to maintain the possibility of utilization of residue in high-value field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Haidong Tan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Song Xue
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Heng Yin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates; Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
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Liu D, Liu X, Zhang X. Preparative isolation of caffeoylquinic acid isomers from Kuding tea by salt‐containing aqueous two‐phase extraction and purification by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
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48
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Ma H, Xiong H, Zhu X, Ji C, Xue J, Li R, Ge B, Cui H. Polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis ameliorates diphenoxylate-induced constipation symptoms in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1090-1101. [PMID: 31054300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to probe new functions of a polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis (PSP) on constipation and intestinal microbiota in mice. Diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice was treated with different doses of PSP, followed by examining the defecation patterns, levels of acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), nitric oxide (NO), and tissue section histopathology. The composition of intestinal microbiota was determined by genome sequencing analysis of the 16S rDNA. This study found that the average molecular weight of PSP was 29, 600 Da, and mainly monosaccharides of PSP were rhamnose (24.7%), glucose (16.15%) and galactose (13.32%). The beneficial effects of PSP treatment include defecation improvement, increase of AchE activity, reduction of NO concentration, renovation of the damaged intestinal villus and affection on the expression of some related genes in the constipated mice. In addition, PSP had significant effects on the gut microbiota, showing the enhancement in abundance of beneficial bacteria including Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Butyricimonas, Candidatus Arthromitus and Prevotella, and the reduction in abundance of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium and Dorea. The present s uncovered a new function of PSP, indicating that PSP could be used in constipation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Ma
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Huaye Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Chunli Ji
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Baosheng Ge
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Hongli Cui
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Functional Food Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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Dong H, Yao X, Liu D, Zhou T, Wu G, Zheng X, Wang X. Effect of inorganic salt on partition of high-polarity parishins in two-phase solvent systems and separation by high-speed counter-current chromatography from Gastrodia elata Blume. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:871-877. [PMID: 30580477 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parishins are high-polarity and major bioactive constituents in Gastrodia elata Blume. In this study, the effect of several inorganic salts on the partition of parishins in two-phase solvent systems was investigated. Adding ammonium sulfate, which has a higher solubility in water, was found to significantly promote the partition of parishins in the upper organic polar solvents. Based on the results, a two-phase solvent system composed of butyl alcohol/acetonitrile/near-saturated ammonium sulfate solution/water (1.5:0.5:1.2:1, v/v/v/v) was used for the purification of parishins by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Fractions obtained from high-speed counter-current chromatography were subjected to semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography to remove salt and impurities. As a result, parishin E (6.0 mg), parishin B (7.8 mg), parishin C (3.2 mg), gastrodin (15.3 mg), and parishin A (7.3 mg) were isolated from water extract of Gastrodia elata Blume (400 mg). These results demonstrated that adding inorganic salt that has high solubility in water to the two-phase solvent system in high-speed counter-current chromatography was a suitable approach for the purification of high-polarity compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Dong
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
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Liu P, Lee MK, Choi JW, Choi YH, Nam TJ. Crude protein from spirulina increases the viability of CCD‑986sk cells via the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:771-778. [PMID: 30569098 PMCID: PMC6317665 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina, an edible blue-green alga, has great potential for various applications in human health, possibly including reduced skin aging. The mechanisms by which spirulina crude protein (SPCP) may influence human skin fibroblast viability are not yet understood; therefore, a human dermal fibroblast cell line (CCD-986sk) was used as a cell model system to study the influence of SPCP on human skin fibroblast viability. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that collagen formation improved in SPCP-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner, while elastase activity was decreased. In addition, western blot analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of the aging-associated gene matrix metalloproteinase-8, a collagen-degradative enzyme. It was also shown that SPCP upregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity, leading to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Together, these results demonstrated that SPCP increases human fibroblast viability by activation of the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. This contribution sheds light on the molecular mechanism for SPCP increasing the viability of human skin cell and provides a potential efficient cosmeceutical for protecting human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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