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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Jia Z, Wen H, Huang S, Luo Y, Gao J, Wang R, Wan K, Xue W. “Click” assembly of novel dual inhibitors of AChE and MAO-B from pyridoxine derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study fast synthesizes numerous functionalized pyridoxines using click chemistry and assayed in vitro as inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase, and two monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B. Most of the obtained compounds demonstrate good AChE and selective MAO-B inhibitory activities in the micromolar range, especially one compound, called 4k5, exhibits excellent inhibitory performance against AChE (IC50 = 0.0816 ± 0.075 μM) and MAO-B (IC50 = 0.039 ± 0.003 μM). Finally, a docking study is carried out, demonstrating potential binding orientations and interactions of the compounds in terms of the AChE and MAO-B active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
- Shangluo University, Shangluo , Shaanxi , 726000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Saipeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University , Xi’an 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
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3
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Yang H, Wang N, Yang R, Zhang L, Jiang X. Folic Acid-Decorated β-Cyclodextrin-Based Poly(ε-caprolactone)-dextran Star Polymer with Disulfide Bond-Linker as Theranostic Nanoparticle for Tumor-Targeted MRI and Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010052. [PMID: 35056948 PMCID: PMC8778171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cyclodextrin(βCD)-based star polymers have attracted much interest because of their unique structures and potential biomedical and biological applications. Herein, a well-defined folic acid (FA)-conjugated and disulfide bond-linked star polymer ((FA-Dex-SS)-βCD-(PCL)14) was synthesized via a couple reaction between βCD-based 14 arms poly(ε-caprolactone) (βCD-(PCL)14) and disulfide-containing α-alkyne dextran (alkyne-SS-Dex), and acted as theranostic nanoparticles for tumor-targeted MRI and chemotherapy. Theranostic nanoparticles were obtained by loading doxorubicin (DOX), and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles were loaded into the star polymer nanoparticles to obtain ((FA-Dex-SS)-βCD-(PCL)14@DOX-SPIO) theranostic nanoparticles. In vitro drug release studies showed that approximately 100% of the DOX was released from disulfide bond-linked theranostic nanoparticles within 24 h under a reducing environment in the presence of 10.0 mM GSH. DOX and SPIO could be delivered into HepG2 cells efficiently, owing to the folate receptor-mediated endocytosis process of the nanoparticles and glutathione (GSH), which triggered disulfide-bonds cleaving. Moreover, (FA-Dex-SS)-βCD-(PCL)14@DOX-SPIO showed strong MRI contrast enhancement properties. In conclusion, folic acid-decorated reduction-sensitive star polymeric nanoparticles are a potential theranostic nanoparticle candidate for tumor-targeted MRI and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikang Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Y.); (N.W.); (R.Y.)
| | - Nianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Y.); (N.W.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Y.); (N.W.); (R.Y.)
| | - Liming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (X.J.); Tel./Fax: +86-13802961338 (L.Z.); +86-13726760788 (X.J.)
| | - Xinqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Y.); (N.W.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (X.J.); Tel./Fax: +86-13802961338 (L.Z.); +86-13726760788 (X.J.)
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4
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Cruz-Hernández C, López-Méndez LJ, Guadarrama P. Dendronization: A practical strategy to improve the performance of molecular systems used in biomedical applications. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:113988. [PMID: 34801269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging area that largely influences the efficacy of various therapies through the rational design of new materials exhibiting more targeted behavior. The synthetic effort, the amount of used material, and the cost are critical parameters to bear in mind if the production of the designed material is intended to be scaled for their widespread use. Even though materials science offers diverse options for different types of therapies, it is a difficult task to meet all the parameters mentioned above. The dendronization appears as an insightful approach to incorporate all the known benefits of the dendritic architecture by the attachment of dendrons to therapeutic agents, but in a much more affordable manner in terms of synthetic effort, amount of material, and cost. As will be presented, the most common dendrons used for biomedical applications are polyamide, polyester, carbosilane, polyether, and glycol-type, which are bonded to biological active molecules (BAMs), or molecular nanoplatforms (MPs) by hydrolysable bonds. Also relevant is the fact that the incorporation of dendrons not larger than third generation (G3) is sufficient to improve essential properties of these molecular systems, such as aqueous solubility, stability, and cellular internalization, among others. The type of dendron and its location on the BAMs or MPs, similar to placing a Lego piece on a model, will be decisive for obtaining the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luis José López-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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5
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García-Álvarez F, Martínez-García M. Click reaction in the synthesis of dendrimer drug-delivery systems. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3445-3470. [PMID: 34711155 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are technologies designed for the targeted delivery and controlled release of medicinal agents. Among the materials employed as drug delivery systems, dendrimers have gained increasing interest in recent years because of their properties and structural characteristics. The use of dendrimer-nanocarrier formulations enhances the safety and bioavailability, increases the solubility in water, improves stability and pharmacokinetic profile, and enables efficient delivery of the target drug to a specific site. However, the synthesis of dendritic architectures through convergent or divergent methods has drawbacks and limitations that disrupt aspects related to design and construction and consequently slow down the transfer from academia to industry. In that sense, the implementation of click chemistry has been received increasing attention in the last years, because offers new efficient approaches to obtain dendritic species in good yields and higher monodispersity. This review focuses on recent strategies for building dendrimer drug delivery systems using click reactions from 2015 to early 2021. The dendritic structures showed in this review are based on β-cyclodextrins (β-CD), poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), dendritic poly (lysine) (PLLD), dimethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA), phosphoramidate (PAD), and poly(propargyl alcohol-4-mercaptobutyric (PPMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F. Mexico
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6
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Wang W, Zhang X, Huang R, Hirschbiegel CM, Wang H, Ding Y, Rotello VM. In situ activation of therapeutics through bioorthogonal catalysis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113893. [PMID: 34333074 PMCID: PMC8440397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reactions that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes, which has become a promising strategy for modulating biological processes. The development of synthetic metal-based catalysts to perform bioorthogonal reactions has significantly expanded the toolkit of bioorthogonal chemistry for medicinal chemistry and synthetic biology. A wide range of homogeneous and heterogeneous transition metal catalysts (TMCs) have been reported, mediating different transformations such as cycloaddition reactions, as well as bond forming and cleaving reactions. However, the direct application of 'naked' TMCs in complex biological media poses numerous challenges, including poor water solubility, toxicity and catalyst deactivation. Incorporating TMCs into nanomaterials to create bioorthogonal nanocatalysts can solubilize and stabilize catalyst molecules, with the decoration of the nanocatalysts used to provide spatiotemporal control of catalysis. This review presents an overview of the advances in the creation of bioorthogonal nanocatalysts, highlighting different choice of nano-scaffolds, and the therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Huaisong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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7
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Liu Z, Ye L, Xi J, Wang J, Feng ZG. Cyclodextrin polymers: Structure, synthesis, and use as drug carriers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H. Advances in development of the dendrimers having natural saccharides in their structure for efficient and controlled drug delivery applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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López-Méndez LJ, Cuéllar-Ramírez EE, Cabrera-Quiñones NC, Rojas-Aguirre Y, Guadarrama P. Convergent click synthesis of macromolecular dendritic β-cyclodextrin derivatives as non-conventional drug carriers: Albendazole as guest model. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1704-1714. [PMID: 32763396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
From a materials science perspective, herein we present the design and synthesis of six macromolecular carbohydrate derivatives, obtained by combining the native cyclic oligosaccharide βCD and dendritic poly(ester) moieties, coupled by CuAAc click reactions, in a convergent fashion. We envisioned two structural variables to promote the formation of inclusion complexes (ICs) with the anti-parasitic drug Albendazole, the degree of substitution on the βCD (mono or hepta-substitution) and the dendritic generation (from first to third). In terms of synthetic effort and cost, the mono-substituted βCD derivatives were obtained in more approachable experimental conditions in comparison to the βCD dendrimers (hepta-substituted macrocycle). The six dendritic derivatives were more soluble in water and showed better complexation capacity than native βCD. For both, mono and hepta-substituted βCD, we observed that the amount of encapsulated ABZ increases when the dendron generation increases. Interestingly, different degrees of substitution (mono and hepta) lead comparable results of ABZ complexation. In conclusion, the encapsulation performance and the consequent solubility enhancement, make these molecular containers excellent materials to positively impact the therapeutic desirability of ABZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis José López-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Eva Edith Cuéllar-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Yareli Rojas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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10
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Sorroza-Martínez K, González-Méndez I, Martínez-Serrano RD, Solano JD, Ruiu A, Illescas J, Zhu XX, Rivera E. Efficient modification of PAMAM G1 dendrimer surface with β-cyclodextrin units by CuAAC: impact on the water solubility and cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25557-25566. [PMID: 35518581 PMCID: PMC9055266 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of the poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) caused by the peripheral amino groups has been a limitation for their use as drug carriers in clinical applications. In this work, we completely modified the periphery of PAMAM dendrimer generation 1 (PAMAM G1) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) units through the Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to obtain the PAMAM G1-β-CD dendrimer with high yield. The PAMAM G1-β-CD was characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry studies. Moreover, the PAMAM G1-β-CD dendrimer showed remarkably higher water solubility than native β-CD. Finally, we studied the toxicity of PAMAM G1-β-CD dendrimer in four different cell lines, human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), human cervical adenocarcinoma cancer cells (HeLa) and pig kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). The PAMAM G1-β-CD dendrimer did not present any cytotoxicity in cell lines tested which shows the potentiality of this new class of dendrimers. The toxicity of the poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) caused by the peripheral amino groups has been a limitation for their use as drug carriers in clinical applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Sorroza-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria CP 04510 México City México
| | - Israel González-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria CP 04510 México City México
| | - Ricardo D Martínez-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria CP 04510 México City México
| | - José D Solano
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria CP 04510 México City México
| | - Andrea Ruiu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria CP 04510 México City México
| | - Javier Illescas
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca Av. Tecnológico S/N, Col. Agrícola Bellavista CP 52149 Metepec México
| | - Xiao Xia Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria CP 04510 México City México
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11
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On the conformational search of a βCD dendritic derivative: NMR and theoretical calculations working together reveal a donut-like amphiphilic structure. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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González-Méndez I, Hameau A, Laurent R, Bijani C, Bourdon V, Caminade AM, Rivera E, Moineau-Chane Ching KI. β-Cyclodextrin PAMAM Dendrimer: How to Overcome the Tumbling Process for Getting Fully Available Host Cavities. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel González-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Aurélien Hameau
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria; 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Régis Laurent
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria; 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Christian Bijani
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria; 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Valérie Bourdon
- ICT - Service de spectrométrie de masse; Université Paul Sabatier; 118, Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9 France
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria; 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Kathleen I. Moineau-Chane Ching
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria; 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, CNRS; Toulouse France
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13
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Rojas-Aguirre Y, Torres-Mena MA, López-Méndez LJ, Alcaraz-Estrada SL, Guadarrama P, Urucha-Ortíz JM. PEGylated β-cyclodextrins: Click synthesis and in vitro biological insights. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115113. [PMID: 31427016 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present three easily rationalized star-shaped PEGylated β-cyclodextrin (βCD) derivatives synthesized via conjugation of different molecular weight PEG chains (5000, 2000, and 550 Da) to the βCD primary face by click chemistry (βCD-PEG5000, βCD-PEG2000, βCD-PEG550 respectively). βCDPEG systems are envisioned to further carry bioactive molecules, therefore, their interactions with biological interfaces must be determined at an early stage of development. Hence, the effect of βCDPEGs chain length on cell viability was investigated. To this aim, three models were selected: Vero cells for their fibroblast-like features; HeLa cells that are commonly used for preliminary viability screening; and human peripheral monocytes which are macrophage precursors. Of the three pegylated derivatives, βCD-PEG550 was the one that significantly affected HeLa cells and human monocytes viability. Despite the popularity of PEGylation approach, our results underscore the importance of careful and systematic PEGylated materials design for their future success in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yareli Rojas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Alexis Torres-Mena
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis José López-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Sofía L Alcaraz-Estrada
- División de Medicina Genómica, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre"-ISSSTE, Mexico City, 03100, Mexico
| | - Patricia Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Urucha-Ortíz
- División de Medicina Genómica, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre"-ISSSTE, Mexico City, 03100, Mexico
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14
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Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4- b]pyridin-5-ones via Multicomponent Reactions and In Vitro-In Silico Studies Against SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki Human Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142648. [PMID: 31336585 PMCID: PMC6680468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 12 polysubstituted pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ones were synthesized via a one-pot cascade process (Ugi–3CR/aza Diels-Alder/N-acylation/decarboxylation/dehydration) and studied in vitro using human epithelial cervical carcinoma SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki cell line cultures. Three compounds of the series exhibited significative cytotoxicity against the three cell lines, with HeLa being the most sensitive one. Then, based on these results, in silico studies by docking techniques were performed using Paclitaxel as a reference and αβ-tubulin as the selected biological target. Worth highlighting is that strong hydrophobic interactions were observed between the three active molecules and the reference drug Paclitaxel, to the αβ-tubulin. In consequence, it was determined that hydrophobic–aromatic moieties of bioactive compounds and Paclitaxel play a key role in making stronger interactions to the ligand–target complex. A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study revealed that the six membered rings are the most significant molecular frameworks, being present in all proposed models for the in vitro-studied cell lines. Finally, also from the docking interpretation, a ligand-based pharmacophore model is proposed in order to find further potential polyheterocyclic candidates to bind stronger to the αβ-tubulin.
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