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Liu K, Cheng Y, Li J, Ding D, Liu Y, Zhang G, Zhang F. Synthesis and evaluation of an eco-friendly and durable flame-retardant cotton fabrics based on a high-phosphorous-content. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:688-697. [PMID: 36893535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fabrics are extremely flammable. Therefore, ammonium salt of dipentaerythritol hexaphosphoric acid (ADPHPA), a novel reactive phosphorus flame retardant without halogen and formaldehyde, was synthesized by solvent-free synthesis method. Surface chemical graft modification was chosen to introduce flame retardant, imparting its flame retardancy and washability. SEM indicated that ADPHPA entered the interior of cotton fiber, which was grafted with OH of control cotton fabrics (CCF) by forming POC covalent bonds to obtain treated cotton fabrics (TCF). There were no apparent differences in the fiber morphology and crystal structure after treatment according to SEM and XRD analysis. TG analysis demonstrated that the decomposition process of TCF was changed compared with CCF, while lower heat release rate and total heat release of TCF indicated its combustion efficiency was also reduced based on cone calorimetry test. Meanwhile, in the durability test, TCF had undergone 50 laundering cycles (LCs) in accordance with AATCC-61-2013 3A standard and had a short vertical combustion charcoal length, which were able to be regard as durable flame-retardant fabrics. The mechanical properties of TCF decreased to a degree, but did not affect the actual use of cotton fabrics. Taken as a whole, ADPHPA has research significance and development potential as a durable phosphorus-based flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunlan Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengxiu Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Han ZM, Sun WB, Yang KP, Yang HB, Liu ZX, Li DH, Yin CH, Liu HC, Zhao YX, Ling ZC, Guan QF, Yu SH. An All-Natural Wood-Inspired Aerogel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211099. [PMID: 36416072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The oriented pore structure of wood endows it with a variety of outstanding properties, among which the low thermal conductivity has attracted researchers to develop wood-like aerogels as excellent thermal insulation materials. However, the increasing demands of environmental protection have put forward new and strict requirements for the sustainability of aerogels. Here, we report an all-natural wood-inspired aerogel consisting of all-natural ingredients and develop a method to activate the surface-inert wood particles to construct the aerogel. The obtained wood-inspired aerogel has channel structure similar to that of natural wood, endowing it with superior thermal insulation properties to most existing commercial sponges. In addition, remarkable fire retardancy and complete biodegradability are integrated. With the above outstanding performances, this sustainable wood-inspired aerogel will be an ideal substitute for the existing commercial thermal insulation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Meng Han
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kun-Peng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Huai-Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - De-Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chong-Han Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhang-Chi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qing-Fang Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Institute of Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Cheng B, Zhou Q, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhu C, Wu M. Vinylated Modification of Biophytic Acid and Flame-Retardant/Crease-Proofing Finishing of Cotton Fabrics via In Situ Copolymerization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:286. [PMID: 36614625 PMCID: PMC9821944 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The vinyl phytic acid (GPA) was prepared using biophytic acid (PA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), in which double bonds were introduced into the phytic acid molecule to increase the active groups in the phytic acid molecule. Furthermore, itaconic acid (IA) containing two unsaturated double bonds and GPA was polymerized in situ and crosslinked on the surface of cotton fabrics, and flame retardant and crease-proofed fabrics were obtained. The effects of GPA, IA, and the initiator on the flame-retardant and crease-proofing properties of the fabrics were analyzed by a single-factor and double-dip double-nip experiment. A flame-retardant and wrinkle-resistant fabric was obtained when the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) were 28% and 270°, respectively. During combustion, the thermal properties of the fabrics changed; typically, the extrapolated initial temperature (Te) decreased, and moisture release increased. After burning, the fabrics had good shape retention, and the carbon residue content increased to 48%, which effectively inhibited or slowed down the combustion and heat release of the textiles. However, the whiteness, mechanical properties, and washability of the products need to be further improved.
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Wu X, Gou T, Zhao Q, Chen L, Wang P. High-efficiency durable flame retardant with ammonium phosphate ester and phosphine oxide groups for cotton cellulose biomacromolecule. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:945-953. [PMID: 34838858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cotton fibers mainly consist of cellulose biological macromolecule, and its exceedingly flammable nature has severely restricted its application in the fields requiring flame retardancy. To endow cotton fabric with excellent flame retardancy and superior durability, a high-efficiency durable flame retardant (THPO-P) with ammonium phosphate ester and phosphine oxide groups was synthesized and chemically bonded to cotton fabric through padding-baking method. THPO-P showed high flame-retardant efficiency, and the add-on of 5.9% was sufficient to prepare cotton fabric with self-extinguished feature. With the add-on of 19.9%, treated fabric possessed excellent fire safety and durability. The total heat release and peak heat release rate values reduced by 77.1% and 91.8% in contrast to pristine fabric, respectively. Its LOI value still reached up to 33.4% even after 50 laundering cycles, which was far beyond the flame-retardant standard. THPO-P played flame-retardant role by restraining the release of flammable volatiles, liberating nonflammable gases and promoting the char formation during combustion. The flame-retardant treatment deteriorated the tensile strength, whiteness and softness of cotton fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingting Gou
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianyu Zhao
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Sun L, Wang S, Zhang J, Li W, Lu Z, Zhang Z, Zhu P, Dong C. Preparation of a novel flame retardant containing triazine groups and its application on cotton fabrics. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06268h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel triazine-based flame retardant capable of reacting with natural cellulose fiber was successfully synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- College of Textile and Clothing
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
| | - Shihao Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
| | - Wennan Li
- College of Textile and Clothing
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Textile and Clothing
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
| | - Chaohong Dong
- College of Textile and Clothing
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266000
- China
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Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Innovative approaches for preparing flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by utilizing a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Our attempts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with low cost inorganic formulations, such as urea and diammonium phosphate, were done successfully. The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45° angle (clothing textiles test), vertical flame (clothing textile test) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). For formulations with urea only, LOI values of treated fabrics were 21.0–22.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 5.16–18.22%. For formulations comprising urea with diammonium phosphate, LOI values were greater than 29.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 1.85–7.73%. With the formulation comprising urea and diammonium phosphate, all treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test for add-on values 5.34–7.73%. Their char lengths were less than half the length of the original fabric and after-flame and after-glow times were less than 3.2 s. Additional thermal properties of desired products will be discussed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC).
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