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Li J, Li K, Zhang Q, Peng L, Zhu X. Multiresponsive Behavior of the Pickering Emulsifier and Its Application for Collecting Small Oil Droplets in Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10024-10034. [PMID: 38698547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Responsive Pickering emulsions, with unique nanoparticle interfaces and sensitivity to external stimuli, significantly enhanced the stability and applicability of Pickering emulsions. Multifunctional composite material poly((2-(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-(acrylate cyclodextrin))/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, namely P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4, with both multiresponsive characteristics and emulsifying capabilities had been designed to remove small oil droplets from water. Using the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method, diblock polymers P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD) were grown in a controlled manner on the surface of Fe3O4. The Fe3O4 core showed responsiveness to a magnetic field, and the block copolymers prepared via the RAFT method demonstrated reactivity to both pH and CO2. The P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited the capability to form Pickering/Oxford emulsions with exceptional stabilization properties. It could be observed that the introduction of CO2, acid, and a magnetic field led to the breakage of the emulsion, while the emulsion could be restabilized by removing the CO2 and the magnetic field or by adding alkali. Measurements of interfacial tension, ζ-potential, and contact angle demonstrated that the emulsification/breakdown mechanisms associated with pH and CO2/N2 were related to the surface wettability of the nanoparticles. In addition, the emulsifier had an excellent cycling capacity with at least 10 cycles by CO2/N2. Additionally, P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited excellent stability in oil phases with large polarity differences and various real oil phases with different viscosities. Importantly, the P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles could serve as functional materials for efficiently separating small oil droplets from water through the application of a magnetic field. Therefore, P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles held promising potential as materials with economic and commercial value for oil-water separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Keran Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
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Chen G, Yuan Y, Li Y, He Q, Qin Z, Hu H, Gao C, Xu Z, Xu Q, Gao Q, Li F. Enhancing oncolytic virus efficiency with methionine and N-(3-aminoprolil)methacrylamide modified acrylamide cationic block polymer. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3741-3750. [PMID: 38530281 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb03016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus ablation of tumor cells has the advantages of high tumor selectivity, strong immunogenicity, and low side effects. However, the recognition and clearance of oncolytic viruses by the immune system are the main factors limiting their anti-tumor efficiency. As a highly biosafe and highly modifiable oncolytic virus vector, acrylamide can improve the long-term circulation of oncolytic viruses. Still, it is limited in its uptake efficiency by tumor cells. Herein, we constructed an N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide-b-(N-3-aminopropyl methacrylamide)-b-DMC block copolymer (NMA-b-APMA-b-DMA, NAD) as an oncolytic virus carrier, which not only improves the long-term circulation of oncolytic viruses in the body but also shows excellent stability for loading an oncolytic virus. The data shows that there was no obvious difference in the transfection effect of the NAD/Ad complex with or without neutralizing antibodies in the medium, which meant that the cationic carrier mediated by NAD/Ad had good serum stability. Only 10 micrograms of NAD carrier are needed to load the oncolytic virus, which can increase the transfection efficiency by 50 times. Cell experiments and mouse animal experiments show that NAD vectors can significantly enhance the anti-tumor effect of oncolytic viruses. We hope that this work will promote the application of acrylamide as an oncolytic virus vector and provide new ideas for methods to modify acrylamide for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Qianyuan He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zizhen Qin
- Key laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Educations, Collage of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Han Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Congcong Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
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Li Q, Wu X, Mu S, He C, Ren X, Luo X, Adeli M, Han X, Ma L, Cheng C. Microenvironment Restruction of Emerging 2D Materials and their Roles in Therapeutic and Diagnostic Nano-Bio-Platforms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207759. [PMID: 37129318 PMCID: PMC10369261 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineering advanced therapeutic and diagnostic nano-bio-platforms (NBPFs) have emerged as rapidly-developed pathways against a wide range of challenges in antitumor, antipathogen, tissue regeneration, bioimaging, and biosensing applications. Emerged 2D materials have attracted extensive scientific interest as fundamental building blocks or nanostructures among material scientists, chemists, biologists, and doctors due to their advantageous physicochemical and biological properties. This timely review provides a comprehensive summary of creating advanced NBPFs via emerging 2D materials (2D-NBPFs) with unique insights into the corresponding molecularly restructured microenvironments and biofunctionalities. First, it is focused on an up-to-date overview of the synthetic strategies for designing 2D-NBPFs with a cross-comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. After that, the recent key achievements are summarized in tuning the biofunctionalities of 2D-NBPFs via molecularly programmed microenvironments, including physiological stability, biocompatibility, bio-adhesiveness, specific binding to pathogens, broad-spectrum pathogen inhibitors, stimuli-responsive systems, and enzyme-mimetics. Moreover, the representative therapeutic and diagnostic applications of 2D-NBPFs are also discussed with detailed disclosure of their critical design principles and parameters. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are also discussed. Overall, this review will provide cutting-edge and multidisciplinary guidance for accelerating future developments and therapeutic/diagnostic applications of 2D-NBPFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xizheng Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shengdong Mu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68137-17133, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Zheng S, Ye L, Zhong G, Liao W. Preparation and characterization of silanized graphene oxide based polyacrylate composites in situ copolymerization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105985. [PMID: 37354811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was initially prepared by the modified Hummers' method and then surface modification with 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimeth- oxysilane (MPS) was carried out. The silanized GO based polyacrylate (PA) composite emulsion was fabricated via in situ copolymerization. The covalent bonds formed between GO and PA matrix were proposed to improve the dispersion of MPS-GO in composites. FTIR spectra, Raman spectra, XPS and XRD data confirmed that oxidation and modification were occurred, and oxygen-containing functional groups and CC groups were introduced on the side of GO, respectively. Two kinds of structures were observed in composite latexes, and the average diameter of composite latexes (107 nm) was larger than that of PA latexes (87 nm). FTIR spectra also disclosed that reactive MPS-GO had already successfully copolymerized with the PA matrix. AFM images demonstrated that wrinkled GO nanosheets were homogeneously dispersed and incorporated into the PA matrix. The water contact angle (WCA) was found increasing as the addition of MPS-GO, although the composite films exhibited obvious hydrophilicity with increasing the content of MPS-GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaona Zheng
- Basic Chemistry Experimental Teaching Center, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Lingyun Ye
- Basic Chemistry Experimental Teaching Center, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Guoyu Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dong Guan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dong Guan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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Liao W, Huang X, Zhong G, Ye L, Zheng S. Fabrication of poly (styrene-acrylate)/silver nanoparticle-graphene oxide composite antibacterial by in situ Pickering emulsion polymerization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105877. [PMID: 37399763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were easily synthesized by chemical reduction, and the prepared nanocomposite was then used as a stabilizer in the Pickering emulsion polymerization of poly (styrene-acrylate) to prepare PSA/AgNPs-GO composites. The AgNPs-GO nanocomposites were fully characterized by TEM, FTIR, Raman, SEM and XPS, which demonstrated that about 5-30 nm AgNPs with spherical, octahedral and cubic structures were decorated on the surface of wrinkled GO nanosheets. TEM photos and EDS spectrum of composites showed that the transparent GO nanosheets decorated with AgNPs were covered on the surface of PSA latexes and the AgNPs were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the PSA latexes without aggregation. The average diameter of composite latexes was obviously bigger than that of PSA latexes. However, the role of surfactant and the properties of hydrophilicity decreased the average diameter and WCA of composites while increasing the additions of AgNPs-GO nanocomposites. AFM images disclosed that wrinkled GO nanosheets decorated with AgNPs dispersed on the surface of composite films. XPS data proved clearly that silver was present only in metallic form and migration occurred during film-formation. TGA curves confirmed the composite film displayed better thermal stability than that of PSA. The results of antibacterial activity revealed that composite films had exhibited antibacterial properties against both E. coli and S. aureus, and the latter showed better antibacterial efficacy than the former. The nano-silver polyacrylate coatings with antibacterial activity explored in current work have wide application in the fields of wood coatings, leather finishing, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiangxuan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Guoyu Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lingyun Ye
- Basic Chemistry Experimental Teaching Center, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Shaona Zheng
- Basic Chemistry Experimental Teaching Center, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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Recent Advances in Macroporous Hydrogels for Cell Behavior and Tissue Engineering. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100606. [PMID: 36286107 PMCID: PMC9601978 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been extensively used as scaffolds in tissue engineering for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation because of their high-water content and biocompatibility similarity to the extracellular matrix. However, submicron or nanosized pore networks within hydrogels severely limit cell survival and tissue regeneration. In recent years, the application of macroporous hydrogels in tissue engineering has received considerable attention. The macroporous structure not only facilitates nutrient transportation and metabolite discharge but also provides more space for cell behavior and tissue formation. Several strategies for creating and functionalizing macroporous hydrogels have been reported. This review began with an overview of the advantages and challenges of macroporous hydrogels in the regulation of cellular behavior. In addition, advanced methods for the preparation of macroporous hydrogels to modulate cellular behavior were discussed. Finally, future research in related fields was discussed.
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Yu F, Feng H, Leng J, Xue H, Zhong Z, Yan Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Xiao L. Self‐assembled graphene oxide microcapsules in Pickering emulsions for photo‐responsive self‐healing epoxy coatings. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyu Feng
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Leng
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Xue
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yan
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Liu
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Xiao
- College of Chemistry Engineering, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
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Wu X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Xu Y, Tao Q, Wang J, Kong X, Sheng K, Wang Y. Investigation of construction and characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan - sodium alginate nanoparticles to stabilize Pickering emulsion hydrogels for curcumin encapsulation and accelerating wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1837-1847. [PMID: 35489626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Limitations in compatibility and effectiveness in delivering bioactive compounds often make it prohibitively difficult to apply Pickering emulsions in wound dressing. In this research, we prepared Pickering emulsion composite hydrogels based on carboxymethyl chitosan - sodium alginate (CMCS-SA) nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized Pickering emulsions, poloxamer 407 (PLX), and curcumin (CUR). CMCS-SA NPs were prepared and used to stabilize Pickering emulsion. The stability of Pickering emulsion improved with the increase of the concentration of NPs, and was highly sensitive to ionic strength change. This Pickering emulsion remained stable at various temperatures. After curcumin were introduced into the emulsion, 0.6% CMCS-SA NPs Pickering emulsion showed controlled release of curcumin in vitro. The CMCS-SA-PLX-CUR hydrogels also exhibited smooth surface and dense structure. This composite hydrogels has antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the CMCS-SA-PLX-CUR hydrogels improved wound healing and increased expression of Ki67 and CD31. RT-qPCR results indicated that the mRNA levels of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the CMCS-SA-PLX-CUR group were downregulated, while the mRNA levels of TGF-β3 increased. The present study suggests that the potentials of CMCS-SA-PLX-CUR hydrogels are promising in protecting bioactive components and wound care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qingao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zeming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuru Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Kangliang Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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Zhang W, Ge W, Li M, Li S, Jiang M, Zhang X, He G. Short review on liquid membrane technology and their applications in biochemical engineering. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu J, Guan X, Wang C, Ngai T, Lin W. pH-Responsive Pickering high internal phase emulsions stabilized by Waterborne polyurethane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:994-1004. [PMID: 34865740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is a common colloidal dispersion that can aggregate in the aqueous phase to form nanoparticles with hydrophobic polyurethane chains as the core and hydrophilic ionic groups as the shell. Considering their structure and pH-responsive functional groups, WPU nanoparticles could be ideal particulate emulsifiers for preparing pH-responsive Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). EXPERIMENTS A series of anionic WPU with different content of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) side chains were synthesized via a polyaddition reaction. The DMPA content, size, ζ-potential, and interfacial behaviors of WPU were then investigated. Furthermore, the effects of particle concentration, internal phase fraction (ϕ), oil type, and pH values on the Pickering HIPEs' morphology, stability, and rheological behaviors were systematically studied. Finally, we demonstrated the emulsification-demulsification process of WPU-stabilized Pickering HIPEs and discussed its mechanism. FINDINGS Oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering HIPEs with tailored morphology and excellent pH-responsiveness were prepared from anionic WPU nanoparticles. The WPU concentration, ϕ, and oil type had a large impact on the formation and mean droplet size of the WPU-stabilized emulsions. Rheology analysis demonstrated that the strictly limited movement of droplets endowed the WPU-stabilized HIPEs with high stability, shear sensitivity, and excellent thixotropic recovery. By simply changing the aqueous-phase pH value, the WPU-stabilized HIPEs could undergo more than ten emulsification-demulsification cycles, as the physical and interfacial properties of WPU nanoparticles were pH-dependent. The excellent performance of the WPU-stabilized pH-responsive Pickering HIPEs exhibited their potential practical applications, such as for oil transportation and recovery, emulsion polymerization, and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Development of porous material via chitosan-based Pickering medium internal phase emulsion for efficient adsorption of Rb +, Cs + and Sr 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1676-1684. [PMID: 34743028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The radioactive Rb+, Cs+ and Sr2+ have serious threat for the aquatic life and human health, its removal has been granted increasing concern. Hence the adsorbent with excellent adsorption performance and favourable reusability is strongly demanded. This work prepared a novel porous polymer of chitosan-g-polyacrylamide (CTS-g-PAM) by grafting the acrylamide (AM) onto the chitosan (CTS) with sufficient pore structure via an eco-friendly surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsion (O/W Pickering MIPE), solely stabilized by CTS. Interestingly, its pore structure could be tuned by varying the emulsion character via changing the molecular weight and concentration of CTS, as well as the pH values. Due to the abundant -COO- and -NH2 functional groups in the porous material of CTS-g-PAM, the high adsorption capacities of 195.43, 237.44 and 185.63 mg/g for Rb+, Cs+ and Sr2+ could be reached within 40, 30 and 20 min, respectively. Moreover, the CTS-g-PAM had excellent regeneration ability and reusability. Herein, we provided a feasible and low-cost pathway for preparation of the porous adsorbent with tunable porous structure for adsorption and separation application.
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Nasrollah Gavgani J, Goharpey F, Velankar S. Interfacially compatibilized PI/PDMS blends with reduced octadecylamine-functionalized graphene oxide: morphological and rheological properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9670-9681. [PMID: 34633017 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interfacial compatibilization effect of reduced octadecylamine-functionalized graphene oxide (ODA-GO) on the morphological and rheological properties of immiscible homopolymer blends of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyisoprene (PI). We prepared droplet-matrix blends with a PI : PDMS ratio of 30 : 70 or 70 : 30 and interfacially localized ODA-GO stabilizer loadings from 0.1% to 1%. Blends were examined by optical microscopy and rheometry. Both blends show typical droplet-matrix morphology with stabilized round drops that do not stick together. With the addition of ODA-GO, smaller drops were observed in PI-continuous blends as compared to the PDMS-continuous blends suggesting that the effects of particles are not symmetric in the two cases. At sufficiently high ODA-GO loadings, flow-induced coalescence is suppressed almost completely. Dynamic oscillatory rheology broadly confirms the morphological observations. Specifically, all the blends show an interfacial relaxation process that is distinct from the bulk viscoelasticity, and the dependence of this process on GO content and flow conditions confirms the compatibilizing effect of the ODA-GO. This work provides a strategy for interfacially-compatibilizated polymer blends with specific properties for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O.Box-15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Goharpey
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O.Box-15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sachin Velankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Huang Z, Jurewicz I, Muñoz E, Garriga R, Keddie JL. Pickering emulsions stabilized by carboxylated nanodiamonds over a broad pH range. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:2025-2038. [PMID: 34749150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Surfactants in emulsions sometimes do not provide adequate stability against coalescence, whereas Pickering emulsions often offer greater stability. In a search for stabilizers offering biocompatibility, we hypothesized that carboxylated nanodiamonds (ND) would impart stability to Pickering emulsions. EXPERIMENTS We successfully prepared Pickering emulsions of sunflower oil in water via two different methods: membrane emulsification and probe sonication. The first method was only possible when the pH of the aqueous ND suspension was ≤ 4. FINDINGS Pendant-drop tensiometry confirmed that carboxylated ND is adsorbed at the oil/water interface, with a greater decrease in interfacial tension found with increasing ND concentrations in the aqueous phase. The carboxylated ND become more hydrophilic with increasing pH, according to three-phase contact angle analysis, because of deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups. Membrane emulsification yielded larger (about 30 µm) oil droplets, probe sonication produced smaller (sub-μm) oil droplets. The Pickering emulsions show high stability against mechanical vibration and long-term storage for one year. They remain stable against coalescence across a wide range of pH values. Sonicated emulsions show stability against creaming. In this first-ever systematic study of carboxylated ND-stabilized Pickering emulsions, we demonstrate a promising application in the delivery of β-carotene, as a model active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Izabela Jurewicz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Edgar Muñoz
- Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Garriga
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joseph L Keddie
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Self-assembling graphene oxide/modified amphipathic hydroxyethyl cellulose hybrid stabilized Pickering emulsion polymerization for functional hydrogel. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yan B, Lan J, Li Y, Peng Y, Shi L, Ran R. Hexagonal Ni(OH)2 nanosheets for stabilizing Pickering emulsion and Congo red adsorption. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pan H, Gao H, Li Q, Lin Z, Feng Q, Yu C, Zhang X, Dong H, Chen D, Cao X. Engineered macroporous hydrogel scaffolds via pickering emulsions stabilized by MgO nanoparticles promote bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6100-6114. [PMID: 32555907 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are appealing biomaterials for regenerative medicine since biomimetic modifications of their polymeric network can provide unique physical properties and emulate the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Meanwhile, therapeutic metal ions, such as magnesium ions (Mg2+), not only regulate cellular behaviours but also stimulate local bone formation and healing. However, the absence of a meaningful macroporous structure and the uncompromising mechanical strength are still challenges. Herein, we designed a macroporous composite hydrogel based on mild and fast thiol-ene click reactions. The Pickering emulsion method was adopted to form a macroporous structure and introduce MgO nanoparticles (NPs). The results show that the composite hydrogel possesses good mechanical strength and an evenly distributed macroporous structure. MgO NPs stabilized at the oil/water interface not only function as effective emulsion stabilizers, but also enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels and mediate the sustained release of Mg2+. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the composite hydrogel displays good biocompatibility. More importantly, the release of Mg2+ ions from hydrogels can effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, an in vivo study showed that macroporous hydrogels can provide a good extracellular matrix microenvironment for in situ osteogenesis and accelerate bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
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Xu H, Shi FK, Liu XY, Zhong M, Xie XM. How can multi-bond network hydrogels dissipate energy more effectively: an investigation on the relationship between network structure and properties. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4407-4413. [PMID: 32323693 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00455c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a multi-bond network (MBN), which involves hierarchical dynamic bonds with different bond association energies, is an effective method for achieving super tough hydrogels. In this work, a small amount of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is introduced into a loosely chemically crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network. The hydrophilic PVA chains can physically interact and form hydrogen bonds with the PAA chains. After a freeze-thaw process, PVA could partially crystallize and the generated microcrystals could become new crosslinking points of the hydrogels. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bonds between PAA and PVA, which connect to the microcrystal "core" through PVA chains, could also become new crosslinking points of the hydrogels. The obtained ternary-crosslinked hydrogels (T-gel 10%) exhibit toughness as high as 8 times that in pure PAA hydrogels. When the PVA content exceeds 15 wt%, PVA chains will run through the whole PAA network. Thus the PVA chains will be crosslinked by microcrystals through freeze-thaw treatment, leading to a double network structure, resulting in a brittle hydrogel. The step-increased modulus of the hydrogels with different PVA contents clearly demonstrates the change in the network structure of the hydrogels. Successively, Fe3+ is introduced into the MBN hydrogels as a third cross-linking point. The obtained quaternary-crosslinked hydrogels (Q-gel 10%-Fe5) (50 wt% water content) exhibit significantly improved mechanical properties: tensile strength as high as 6.83 MPa with a fracture energy of 29.9 MJ m-3. This work provides clear insight into the relationship between network structure and mechanical properties in super tough MBN hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fu-Kuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xu-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE, Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Applications of Nanocellulose/Nanocarbon Composites: Focus on Biotechnology and Medicine. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020196. [PMID: 31979245 PMCID: PMC7074939 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites are newly emerging smart hybrid materials containing cellulose nanoparticles, such as nanofibrils and nanocrystals, and carbon nanoparticles, such as "classical" carbon allotropes (fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes and nanodiamonds), or other carbon nanostructures (carbon nanofibers, carbon quantum dots, activated carbon and carbon black). The nanocellulose component acts as a dispersing agent and homogeneously distributes the carbon nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites can be prepared with many advantageous properties, such as high mechanical strength, flexibility, stretchability, tunable thermal and electrical conductivity, tunable optical transparency, photodynamic and photothermal activity, nanoporous character and high adsorption capacity. They are therefore promising for a wide range of industrial applications, such as energy generation, storage and conversion, water purification, food packaging, construction of fire retardants and shape memory devices. They also hold great promise for biomedical applications, such as radical scavenging, photodynamic and photothermal therapy of tumors and microbial infections, drug delivery, biosensorics, isolation of various biomolecules, electrical stimulation of damaged tissues (e.g., cardiac, neural), neural and bone tissue engineering, engineering of blood vessels and advanced wound dressing, e.g., with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. However, the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of the composites and their components must also be taken into account.
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Gao R, Yao Y, Wang L, Wu H. Fabrication and characterization of graphene oxide modified polycarboxylic by
in situ
polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Gao
- China Building Materials Academy State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, No. 1 Guan Zhuang Dong Li, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Yan Yao
- China Building Materials Academy State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, No. 1 Guan Zhuang Dong Li, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Ling Wang
- China Building Materials Academy State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, No. 1 Guan Zhuang Dong Li, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Hao Wu
- China Building Materials Academy State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials, No. 1 Guan Zhuang Dong Li, Chaoyang District Beijing China
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Li X, Huang Y, Dan Y. Synthesis of sub-100 nm PMMA nanoparticles initiated by ammonium persulfate/ascorbic acid in acetone-water mixture. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kutalkova E, Mrlik M, Ilcikova M, Osicka J, Sedlacik M, Mosnacek J. Enhanced and Tunable Electrorheological Capability using Surface Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Modification with Simultaneous Reduction of the Graphene Oxide by Silyl-Based Polymer Grafting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E308. [PMID: 30813501 PMCID: PMC6410254 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a verified process of the "grafting from" approach using surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization was applied for the modification of a graphene oxide (GO) surface. This approach provides simultaneous grafting of poly(2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMATMS) chains and a controllable reduction of the GO surface. This allows the fine tuning of its electrical conductivity, which is a crucial parameter for applications of such hybrid composite particles in electrorheological (ER) suspensions. The successful coating was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The molecular characteristics of PHEMATMS were characterized by gel permeation chromatography. ER performance was elucidated using a rotational rheometer under various electric field strengths and a dielectric spectroscopy to demonstrate the direct impact of both the relaxation time and dielectric relaxation strength on the ER effectivity. Enhanced compatibility between the silicone oil and polymer-modified GO particles was investigated using contact angle measurements and visual sedimentation stability determination. It was clearly proven that the modification of the GO surface improved the ER capability of the system due to the tunable conductivity during the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) process and the enhanced compatibility of the GO particles, modified by polymer containing silyl structures, with silicone oil. These unique ER properties of this system appear very promising for future applications in the design of ER suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kutalkova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Ilcikova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava 45, Slovakia.
- Department of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, 90 924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Josef Osicka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Sedlacik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Mosnacek
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava 45, Slovakia.
- Department of Polymer Engneering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic.
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