1
|
de Lima GG, Aggio BB, Pedro AC, de Lima TADM, Magalhães WLE. Tailoring Hydrogel Structures: Investigating the Effects of Multistep Cellulose Defibrillation on Polyvinyl Alcohol Composites. Gels 2024; 10:212. [PMID: 38534630 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Defibrillating cellulose through various grinding steps and incorporating it into hydrogels introduces unique properties that warrant thorough exploration. This study investigates cellulose defibrillation at different steps (15-120) using an ultra-fine friction grinder, blended with high-molecular-weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and crosslinked via freeze-thawing. A critical discovery is the influence of defibrillation on the hydrogel structure, as evidenced by reduced crystallinity, thermal degradation, and the enhanced swelling of PVA chains. Despite an increased elastic modulus of up to 120 steps, the synthesized material maintains remarkable strength under hydrated conditions, holding significant promise in biomaterial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Goetten de Lima
- Materials Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 12516-410, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tielidy A de M de Lima
- Materials Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dobaj Štiglic A, Lackner F, Nagaraj C, Beaumont M, Bračič M, Duarte I, Kononenko V, Drobne D, Madhan B, Finšgar M, Kargl R, Stana Kleinschek K, Mohan T. 3D-Printed Collagen-Nanocellulose Hybrid Bioscaffolds with Tailored Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:5596-5608. [PMID: 38050684 PMCID: PMC10731651 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid collagen (Coll) bioscaffolds have emerged as a promising solution for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine. These innovative bioscaffolds combine the beneficial properties of Coll, an important structural protein of the extracellular matrix, with various other biomaterials to create platforms for long-term cell growth and tissue formation. The integration or cross-linking of Coll with other biomaterials increases mechanical strength and stability and introduces tailored biochemical and physical factors that mimic the natural tissue microenvironment. This work reports on the fabrication of chemically cross-linked hybrid bioscaffolds with enhanced properties from the combination of Coll, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and citric acid (CA). The bioscaffolds were prepared by 3D printing ink containing Coll-NFC-CMC-CA followed by freeze-drying, dehydrothermal treatment, and neutralization. Cross-linking through the formation of ester bonds between the polymers and CA in the bioscaffolds was achieved by exposing the bioscaffolds to elevated temperatures in the dry state. The morphology, pores/porosity, chemical composition, structure, thermal behavior, swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties of the bioscaffolds in the dry and wet states were investigated as a function of Coll concentration. The bioscaffolds showed no cytotoxicity to MG-63 human bone osteosarcoma cells as tested by different assays measuring different end points. Overall, the presented hybrid Coll bioscaffolds offer a unique combination of biocompatibility, stability, and structural support, making them valuable tools for TE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Dobaj Štiglic
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing
of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry
and Industrial Analysis, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Florian Lackner
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig
Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry o Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Matej Bračič
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing
of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Isabel Duarte
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation
(TEMA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Veno Kononenko
- Department
of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department
of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- CSIR-Central
Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry
and Industrial Analysis, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing
of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroska cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing
of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nabels-Sneiders M, Barkane A, Platnieks O, Orlova L, Gaidukovs S. Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate) Laminate with Nanocellulose Interphase Layer for High-Barrier Packaging Film Application. Foods 2023; 12:4136. [PMID: 38002193 PMCID: PMC10670575 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to rising concerns over the environmental and human health ramifications of polymers derived from petroleum, particularly in the food packaging industry, research has pivoted towards more sustainable materials. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), selected as the polymer matrix, stands out as one of the most promising bio-based and biodegradable polymers suitable for film blowing and lamination. A layered spray-coating technique was employed to apply 1, 5, 10, and 20 layers of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) between blown PBS films, creating a three-layer laminate structure. NFC sourced from minimally processed hemp stalk waste highlights the potential for minimizing environmental impact. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of these films, a critical parameter for food packaging, was assessed in a controlled environment at 38 °C and 90% relative humidity over a period of two months. The integration of a single NFC layer, constituting 0.35% of the composite's weight, was observed to significantly reduce the WVTR by up to 5.5-fold. It was noted that higher NFC layer counts above 10 reduced the adhesion within the laminate layers. Morphological assessments showed that the number of structural defects increased with a higher count of NFC layers. As the count of NFC layers increased, the optical transparency of the laminates dropped from approximately 65% to 25% in the visible light spectrum. Notably, by weight percent, NFC proved to be an effective barrier even without chemical modification. The developed laminates stand out as a viable, green option for food packaging, offering a sustainable and renewable solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martins Nabels-Sneiders
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.N.-S.); (A.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Anda Barkane
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.N.-S.); (A.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.N.-S.); (A.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Liga Orlova
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.N.-S.); (A.B.); (O.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dong J, Zeng J, Li J, Li P, Wang B, Xu J, Gao W, Chen K. Sustainable and Scalable Synthesis of 2D Ultrathin Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitor. Small 2023; 19:e2301353. [PMID: 37282825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanosheets, and their derivatives, representing the emerging class of advanced multifunctional materials, have gained great research interest because of their extensive applications ranging from electrochemistry to catalysis. However, sustainable and scalable synthesis of 2D carbon nanosheets (CNs) with hierarchical architecture and irregular structure via a green and low-cost strategy remains a great challenge. Herein, prehydrolysis liquor (PHL), an industrial byproduct of the pulping industry, is first employed to synthesize CNs via a simple hydrothermal carbonization technique. After mild activation with NH4 Cl and FeCl3 , the as-prepared activated CNs (A-CN@NFe) display an ultrathin structure (≈3 nm) and a desirable specific surface area (1021 m2 g-1 ) with hierarchical porous structure, which enables it to be both electroactive materials and structural support materials in nanofibrillated cellulose/A-CN@NFe/polypyrrole (NCP) nanocomposite, and thus endowing nanocomposite with impressive capacitance properties of 2546.3 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2 . Furthermore, the resultant all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor delivers a satisfactory energy storage ability of 90.1 µWh cm-2 at 250.0 µW cm-2 . Thus, this work not only opens a new window for sustainable and scalable synthesis of CNs, but also offers a double profits strategy for energy storage and biorefinery industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiran Dong
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ventura C, Pinto F, Lourenço AF, Pedrosa JFS, Fernandes SN, da Rosa RR, Godinho MH, Ferreira PJT, Louro H, Silva MJ. Assessing the Genotoxicity of Cellulose Nanomaterials in a Co-Culture of Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:986. [PMID: 37627871 PMCID: PMC10452089 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNMs) are innovative materials with a wide spectrum of industrial and biomedical applications. Although cellulose has been recognized as a safe material, the unique properties of its nanosized forms have raised concerns about their safety for human health. Genotoxicity is an endpoint that must be assessed to ensure that no carcinogenic risks are associated with exposure to nanomaterials. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of two types of cellulose micro/nanofibrils (CMF and CNF) and one sample of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), obtained from industrial bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp. For that, we exposed co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages to a concentration range of each CMNM and used the micronucleus (MN) and comet assays. Our results showed that only the lowest concentrations of the CMF sample were able to induce DNA strand breaks (FPG-comet assay). However, none of the three CMNMs produced significant chromosomal alterations (MN assay). These findings, together with results from previous in vitro studies using monocultures of A549 cells, indicate that the tested CNF and CNC are not genotoxic under the conditions tested, while the CMF display a low genotoxic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Pinto
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge F. S. Pedrosa
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Susete N. Fernandes
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Rafaela R. da Rosa
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Maria Helena Godinho
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Paulo J. T. Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al Tamimi Z, Chen L, Ji X, Vanderlaan G, Gacura MD, Piovesan D. Preparation of Nanopaper for Colorimetric Food Spoilage Indication. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3098. [PMID: 37514487 PMCID: PMC10384993 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we are reporting the fabrication of a nanocellulose (NFC) paper-based food indicator for chicken breast spoilage detection by both visual color change observation and smartphone image analysis. The indicator consists of a nanocellulose paper (nanopaper) substrate and a pH-responsive dye, bromocresol green (BCG), that adsorbs on the nanopaper. The nanopaper is prepared through vacuum filtration and high-pressure compression. The nanopaper exhibits good optical transparency and strong mechanical strength. The color change from yellow to blue in the nanopaper indicator corresponding to an increase in the solution pH and chicken breast meat storage data were observed and analyzed, respectively. Further, we were able to use color differences determined by the RGB values from smartphone images to analyze the results, which indicates a simple, sensitive, and readily deployable approach toward the development of future smartphone-based food spoilage tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Tamimi
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA
| | - Longyan Chen
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Ji
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA
| | | | | | - Davide Piovesan
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA
- MP-Erie-Co, Erie, PA 16501, USA
- Center for Manufacturing and Technology, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim Y, Kim YT, Wang X, Min B, Park SI. TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibril Films Incorporating Graphene Oxide Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2646. [PMID: 37376292 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To design a new system of novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs)/graphene oxide (GO) composite, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation was utilized. For the better dispersion of GO into the matrix of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), a unique process combining high-intensity homogenization and ultrasonication was adopted with varying degrees of oxidation and GO percent loadings (0.4 to 2.0 wt%). Despite the presence of carboxylate groups and GO, the X-ray diffraction test showed that the crystallinity of the bio-nanocomposite was not altered. In contrast, scanning electron microscopy showed a significant morphological difference in their layers. The thermal stability of the TOCN/GO composite shifted to a lower temperature upon oxidation, and dynamic mechanical analysis signified strong intermolecular interactions with the improvement in Young's storage modulus and tensile strength. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to observe the hydrogen bonds between GO and the cellulosic polymer matrix. The oxygen permeability of the TOCN/GO composite decreased, while the water vapor permeability was not significantly affected by the reinforcement with GO. Still, oxidation enhanced the barrier properties. Ultimately, the newly fabricated TOCN/GO composite through high-intensity homogenization and ultrasonification can be utilized in a wide range of life science applications, such as the biomaterial, food, packaging, and medical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Kim
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Young-Teck Kim
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Byungjin Min
- Department of Chemistry, College of Agriculture Environment & Nutrition Science, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Su-Il Park
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saechio S, Akanitkul P, Thiyajai P, Jain S, Tangsuphoom N, Suphantharika M, Winuprasith T. Astaxanthin-Loaded Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Nanofibrillated Cellulose: Impact on Emulsion Characteristics, Digestion Behavior, and Bioaccessibility. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850184 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX) is one of the major bioactives that has been found to have strong antioxidant properties. However, AX tends to degrade due to its highly unsaturated structure. To overcome this problem, a Pickering O/W emulsion using nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as an emulsifier was investigated. NFC was used because it is renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic. The 10 wt% O/W emulsions with 0.05 wt% AX were prepared with different concentrations of NFC (0.3-0.7 wt%). After 30 days of storage, droplet size, ζ-potential values, viscosity, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and color were determined. The results show that more stable emulsions are formed with increasing NFC concentrations, which can be attributed to the formulation of the NFC network in the aqueous phase. Notably, the stability of the 0.7 wt% NFC-stabilized emulsion was high, indicating that NFC can improve the emulsion's stability. Moreover, it was found that fat digestibility and AX bioaccessibility decreased with increasing NFC concentrations, which was due to the limitation of lipase accessibility. In contrast, the stability of AX increased with increasing NFC concentrations, which was due to the formation of an NFC layer that acted as a barrier and prevented the degradation of AX during in vitro digestion. Therefore, high concentrations of NFC are useful for functional foods delivering satiety instead of oil-soluble bioactives.
Collapse
|
9
|
Radeke C, Pons R, Mihajlovic M, Knudsen JR, Butdayev S, Kempen PJ, Segeritz CP, Andresen TL, Pehmøller CK, Jensen TE, Lind JU. Transparent and Cell-Guiding Cellulose Nanofiber 3D Printing Bioinks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:2564-2577. [PMID: 36598781 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to fulfill its promise and enable the automated fabrication of complex tissue-mimicking constructs, there is a need for developing bioinks that are not only printable and biocompatible but also have integrated cell-instructive properties. Toward this goal, we here present a scalable technique for generating nanofiber 3D printing inks with unique tissue-guiding capabilities. Our core methodology relies on tailoring the size and dispersibility of cellulose fibrils through a solvent-controlled partial carboxymethylation. This way, we generate partially negatively charged cellulose nanofibers with diameters of ∼250 nm and lengths spanning tens to hundreds of microns. In this range, the fibers structurally match the size and dimensions of natural collagen fibers making them sufficiently large to orient cells. Yet, they are simultaneously sufficiently thin to be optically transparent. By adjusting fiber concentration, 3D printing inks with excellent shear-thinning properties can be established. In addition, as the fibers are readily dispersible, composite inks with both carbohydrates and extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived proteins can easily be generated. We apply such composite inks for 3D printing cell-laden and cross-linkable structures, as well as tissue-guiding gel substrates. Interestingly, we find that the spatial organization of engineered tissues can be defined by the shear-induced alignment of fibers during the printing procedure. Specifically, we show how myotubes derived from human and murine skeletal myoblasts can be programmed into linear and complex nonlinear architectures on soft printed substrates with intermediate fiber contents. Our nanofibrillated cellulose inks can thus serve as a simple and scalable tool for engineering anisotropic human muscle tissues that mimic native structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Radeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Raphaël Pons
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marko Mihajlovic
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
- Heart and Skeletal Muscle Biology, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Sarkhan Butdayev
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul J Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- The National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Heart and Skeletal Muscle Biology, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian K Pehmøller
- Heart and Skeletal Muscle Biology, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan U Lind
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lackner F, Liu H, Štiglic AD, Bračič M, Kargl R, Nidetzky B, Mohan T, Kleinschek KS. 3D Printed Porous Nanocellulose-Based Scaffolds As Carriers for Immobilization of Glycosyltransferases. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:5728-40. [PMID: 36469033 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is increasingly becoming an alternative method for the synthesis of industrially relevant complex molecules. This can be realized by using enzyme immobilized polysaccharide-based 3D scaffolds as compatible carriers, with defined properties. Especially, immobilization of either single or multiple enzymes on a 3D printed polysaccharide scaffold, exhibiting well-organized interconnected porous structure and morphology, is a versatile approach to access the performance of industrially important enzymes. Here, we demonstrated the use of nanocellulose-based 3D porous scaffolds for the immobilization of glycosyltransferases, responsible for glycosylation in natural biosynthesis. The scaffolds were produced using an ink containing nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and citric acid. Direct-ink-writing 3D printing followed by freeze-drying and dehydrothermal treatment at elevated temperature resulted in chemically cross-linked scaffolds, featuring tunable negative charges (2.2-5.0 mmol/g), pore sizes (10-800 μm), fluid uptake capacity, and exceptional dimensional and mechanical stability in the wet state. The negatively charged scaffolds were applied to immobilize two sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases (C-glycosyltransferase, Zbasic2-CGT; sucrose synthase, Zbasic2-SuSy), each harboring a cationic binding module (Zbasic2) to promote charge-based enzyme adsorption. Both enzymes were immobilized at ∼30 mg of protein/g of dry carrier (∼20% yield), independent of the scaffold used. Their specific activities were 0.50 U/mg (Zbasic2-CGT) and 0.19 U/mg (Zbasic2-SuSy), corresponding to an efficacy of 37 and 18%, respectively, compared to the soluble enzymes. The glycosyltransferases were coimmobilized and shown to be active in a cascade reaction to give the natural C-glycoside nothofagin from phloretin (1.0 mM; ∼95% conversion). All enzyme bound scaffolds showed reusability of a maximum of 5 consecutive reactions. These results suggest that the 3D printed and cross-linked NFC/CMC-based scaffolds could present a class of solid carriers for enzyme (co)-immobilization, with promising applications in glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis and other fields of biocatalysis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Merivaara A, Koivunotko E, Manninen K, Kaseva T, Monola J, Salli E, Koivuniemi R, Savolainen S, Valkonen S, Yliperttula M. Stiffness-Controlled Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture Models. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245530. [PMID: 36559897 PMCID: PMC9786583 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogel is a versatile biomaterial suitable, for example, for three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid culturing, drug delivery, and wound treatment. By freeze-drying NFC hydrogel, highly porous NFC structures can be manufactured. We freeze-dried NFC hydrogel and subsequently reconstituted the samples into a variety of concentrations of NFC fibers, which resulted in different stiffness of the material, i.e., different mechanical cues. After the successful freeze-drying and reconstitution, we showed that freeze-dried NFC hydrogel can be used for one-step 3D cell spheroid culturing of primary mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, prostate cancer cells (PC3), and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). No difference was observed in the viability or morphology between the 3D cell spheroids cultured in the freeze-dried and reconstituted NFC hydrogel and fresh NFC hydrogel. Furthermore, the 3D cultured spheroids showed stable metabolic activity and nearly 100% viability. Finally, we applied a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based automatic nuclei segmentation approach to automatically segment individual cells of 3D cultured PC3 and HepG2 spheroids. These results provide an application to culture 3D cell spheroids more readily with the NFC hydrogel and a step towards automatization of 3D cell culturing and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arto Merivaara
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.Y.); Tel.:+358-294-159-577 (A.M.); +358-294-159-141 (M.Y.)
| | - Elle Koivunotko
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Manninen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Kaseva
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Monola
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Salli
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raili Koivuniemi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sauli Savolainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Valkonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.Y.); Tel.:+358-294-159-577 (A.M.); +358-294-159-141 (M.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li SC, Hu BC, Shang LM, Ma T, Li C, Liang HW, Yu SH. General Synthesis and Solution Processing of Metal-Organic Framework Nanofibers. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2202504. [PMID: 35580346 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of their extraordinarily high surface areas, ordered pore structures, various compositions, and rich functionality, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of great interest in diverse fields such as gas separation, sensing, catalysis, energy, environment science, and biomedicine. However, the difficulty in processing MOF crystals and controlling the MOF superstructure is emerging as a critical issue in their application. Herein, it is reported that a robust template, i.e., nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), can be used for the synthesis of MOF materials with 1D nanofiber morphology. NFC@MOF core-shell nanofibers with a uniform network structure and high aspect ratios can be prepared by use of this template. The small crystal size, flexibility, and good dispersity of the NFC@MOF nanofibers make it convenient for the macroscale assembly and solution processing of MOF materials. A proof-of-concept study is demonstrated wherein freestanding MOF nanofiber membranes represent good performance in applications of water treatment and heterogeneous catalysis reaction. This general synthesis and solution-processing strategy may herald a new era in promoting the industrial application of MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Li-Mei Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma M, Chu Q, Lin H, Xu L, He H, Shi Y, Chen S, Wang X. Highly anisotropic thermal conductivity and electrical insulation of nanofibrillated cellulose/Al 2O 3@rGO composite films: effect of the particle size. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:135711. [PMID: 34929686 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac44e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) film has received tremendous attention due to its excellent electrical insulation, which shows great application prospects in the field of electronic devices. However, the low efficient heat dissipation of NFC film largely limits its use in advanced applications. In this work, the reduced graphene oxide hybrid fillers loaded alumina (Al2O3) particles with different sizes were synthesized by different drying methods, and then they were mixed with NFC to prepare a series of NFC-based composite films. The effect of Al2O3particle sizes on the thermal conductivity of NFC-based composite films was studied. The results showed that the surface areas of l-Al2O3particles were smaller than that of s-Al2O3particles, resulting in the smaller interface thermal resistance and superior thermal conductivity of the film containing l-Al2O3particles. The NFC-based composite films showed great potential for applications in thermal management by adjusting the particle size of fillers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qindan Chu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bai L, Ma J, Song H, Yang Y, Zhi C, Lee SY, Yu H, Liu S, Li J, Yu M, Chen W. Flexible, Electrically Conductive, Nanostructured, Asymmetric Aerogel Films for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59174-59184. [PMID: 34870409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries are afflicted with capacity fading on account of polysulfide shuttling. A novel cost-effective electrode that can hinder the polysulfide shuttling and realize high active material utilization is highly required. Here, we demonstrate a flexible, electrically conductive, nanostructured, and asymmetric hybrid cathode by integrating a high-aspect-ratio wood nanocellulose and a low-cost commercial carbon nanotube (∼$ 0.2 g-1) into an entangled aerogel film. The vacuum filtration combined with lyophilization enables the aerogel film with quite different nanofiber/nanotube packing densities and pore structures at its two sides. The cooperative effects of the entangled building blocks and the asymmetric porous structure of the aerogel film stimulate the simultaneous increase of active sulfur loading, enhancing the electrolyte penetration, alleviating dissolution and shuttling of polysulfide ions, and promoting the fast electron transportation. The as-generated cathode exhibited a capacity fading of 0.01% per cycle over 1000 discharge/charge cycles at a 0.5 C rate (1 C = 1675 mA g-1). The average Coulombic efficiency reached ∼99.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, Department of Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hongquan Song
- College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
| | - Ya Yang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Mingpeng Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, Department of Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Zhang Y. Flexible Tellurium-Based Electrode for High-Performance Lithium-Tellurium Battery. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2903. [PMID: 34835667 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention for next-generation flexible energy devices owing to their excellent electrochemical properties and superior flexibility. Herein, uniform Tellurium nanotubes (Te NTs) were prepared through a facile hydrothermal method, and then a flexible and freestanding electrode was fabricated with Te NTs as active materials and a small amount of nanofibrillated celluloses (NFCs) as a flexible matrix through a vacuum filtration method without adding extra conductive carbon or a binder. The resulting Te-based electrode exhibits a high volumetric capacity of 1512 mAh cm−3 at 200 mA g−1, and delivers admirable cyclic stability (capacity retention of 104% over 300 cycles) and excellent rate performance (833 mAh cm−3 at 1000 mA g−1), which benefits from the unique structure and intrinsically superior conductivity of Te NTs. After bending 50 times, the Te-based electrode delivers a desirable volumetric capacity of 1117 mAh cm−3, and remains 93% of initial capacity after 100 cycles. The results imply that the Te-based electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties and superior flexibility simultaneously, which can serve as a potential candidate for the flexible lithium batteries.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kamel R, El-Wakil NA, Elkasabgy NA. Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6807-6824. [PMID: 34675509 PMCID: PMC8502541 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s323974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (TONFC) originating from an agricultural waste (sugar cane) was utilized to prepare injectable in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds (IHS) for regenerative medicine. METHODS TONFC was prepared and characterized for its morphology and chemical structure using TEM and FT-IR, respectively. The cold method was applied to prepare hydrogels. Various concentrations of poloxamer 407 were added to the prepared TONFC (0.5%w/w). Different sources of calcium, Fujicalin® (DCP) or hydroxyapatite (TCP), were used to formulate the aimed calcium-enriched raloxifene hydrochloride-loaded IHS. Gelation temperature, drug content, injectability and in-vitro drug release were evaluated along with the morphological characters. Cytocompatibility studies and tissue regeneration properties were assessed on Saos-2 cells. RESULTS TEM photograph of TONFC showed fibrous nanostructure. The selected formulation "Ca-IHS4" composed of TONFC+15% P407+10% TCP showed the most prolonged release pattern for 12 days with the least burst effect (about 25% within 24 h). SEM micro-photographs of the in-situ formed scaffolds showed a highly porous 3D structure. Cytocompatibility studies of formulation "Ca-IHS4" revealed the biocompatibility as well as improved cell adhesion, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and calcium ion deposition. CONCLUSION The outcomes suggest that Ca-IHS4 presents a simple, safe-line and non-invasive strategy for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla A El-Wakil
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang C, Xie Q, Cha R, Ding L, Jia L, Mou L, Cheng S, Wang N, Li Z, Sun Y, Cui C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Jiang X. Anticoagulant Hydrogel Tubes with Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) Sheaths for Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100839. [PMID: 34218526 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter < 6 mm) are useful in treating cardiovascular diseases. The off-the-shelf small-diameter vascular grafts for clinical applications remain a great limitation owing to their thrombogenicity or intimal hyperplasia. Herein, bilayer anticoagulant hydrogel tubes with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) sheaths are prepared by freeze-thawing and electrospinning, which contain nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-heparin/poly-L-lysine nanoparticles tube as an inner layer and PCL sheath as an outer layer. The structure, anticoagulant property, and biocompatibility of the inner layer are studied. The effects of thickness of the outer layer on perfusion performance and mechanical property of hydrogel tubes with PCL sheaths (PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes) are investigated. The effect of compliance of PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes on their blood flow is studied by numerical simulation. The tissue compatibility and the patency of PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes are evaluated by implantation in subcutaneous tissue of rats and carotid artery of rabbits. PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes have prominent anticoagulation, sufficient burst pressure and good compliance similar to native arteries. PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes facilitate infiltration of host cells and achieve active proliferation of recruited cells, which will be a promising candidate for small-diameter vascular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qian Xie
- Division of Nephrology Peking University Third Hospital No. 49 Huayuan Road North, Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Liujun Jia
- Animal Experimental Center Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Lei Mou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Nuoxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zulan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Chuanjue Cui
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Cheng R, Cheng Z, Duan C, Wang B, Zeng J, Xu J, Tian X, Chen H, Gao W, Chen K. Silver-Nanoparticle-Embedded Hybrid Nanopaper with Significant Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36171-36181. [PMID: 34275277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanopapers derived from nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) are urgently required as attractive substrates for thermal management applications of electronic devices because of their lightweight, easy cutting, cost efficiency, and sustainability. In this paper, we provided a facile fabrication strategy to construct hybrid nanopapers composed of dialdehyde nanofibrillated cellulose (DANFC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which exhibited a favorable thermal conductivity property. AgNPs were in situ proceeded on the surface of DANFC by the silver mirror reaction inspired by the aldehyde groups. Owing to the intermolecular hydrogen bonds inside the hybrid nanopapers, the DANFC enables the uniform dispersion of AgNPs as well as promotes the formation of the hierarchical structure. It was found that the AgNPs-coated DANFC (DANFC/Ag) hybrid nanopapers could easily form an effective thermally conductive pathway for phonon transfer. As a result, the thermal conductivity (TC) of the obtained DANFC/Ag hybrid nanopapers containing only 1.9 vol % of Ag was 5.35 times higher than that of the pure NFC nanopapers along with a significantly TC enhancement per vol % Ag of 230.0%, which was supposed to benefit from the continuous heat transfer pathway constructed by the connection of AgNPs decorated on the cellulose nanofibers. The DANFC/Ag hybrid nanopapers possess potential applications as thermal management materials in the next-generation portable electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chengliang Duan
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., No. 147, Xizhimen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Haoying Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nicu R, Ciolacu F, Ciolacu DE. Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1125. [PMID: 34452086 PMCID: PMC8399340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising "green" materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals-CNC, cellulose nanofibrils-CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose-BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E. Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gregor-Svetec D, Leskovšek M, Leskovar B, Stanković Elesini U, Vrabič-Brodnjak U. Analysis of PLA Composite Filaments Reinforced with Lignin and Polymerised-Lignin-Treated NFC. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2174. [PMID: 34209091 PMCID: PMC8271860 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most suitable materials for 3D printing. Blending with nanoparticles improves some of its properties, broadening its application possibilities. The article presents a study of composite PLA matrix filaments with added unmodified and lignin/polymerised lignin surface-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The influence of untreated and surface-modified NFC on morphological, mechanical, technological, infrared spectroscopic, and dynamic mechanical properties was evaluated for different groups of samples. As determined by the stereo and scanning electron microscopy, the unmodified and surface-modified NFCs with lignin and polymerised lignin were present in the form of plate-shaped agglomerates. The addition of NFC slightly reduced the filaments' tensile strength, stretchability, and ability to absorb energy, while in contrast, the initial modulus slightly improved. By adding NFC to the PLA matrix, the bending storage modulus (E') decreased slightly at lower temperatures, especially in the PLA samples with 3 wt% and 5 wt% NFC. When NFC was modified with lignin and polymerised lignin, an increase in E' was noticed, especially in the glassy state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gregor-Svetec
- Graphic Arts and Design, Department of Textiles, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.G.-S.); (M.L.); (U.S.E.)
| | - Mirjam Leskovšek
- Graphic Arts and Design, Department of Textiles, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.G.-S.); (M.L.); (U.S.E.)
| | - Blaž Leskovar
- Department of Materials and Metallurgy, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Urška Stanković Elesini
- Graphic Arts and Design, Department of Textiles, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.G.-S.); (M.L.); (U.S.E.)
| | - Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak
- Graphic Arts and Design, Department of Textiles, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.G.-S.); (M.L.); (U.S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan M, Pan Y, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Lun Z, Gong L, Gao M, Zhang H. "Robust-Soft" Anisotropic Nanofibrillated Cellulose Aerogels with Superior Mechanical, Flame-Retardant, and Thermal Insulating Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:27458-27470. [PMID: 34081863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advanced thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity and robustness derived from regenerative resources are badly needed for building energy conservation. Among them, nanofibrillated cellulose aerogels have huge application potential in the field of thermal insulation materials, but it is still a challenge to prepare cellulose aerogels of excellent comprehensive properties in a simple way. Herein, we demonstrate a unidirectional freeze-drying strategy to develop a novel "robust-soft" anisotropic nanofibrillated cellulose aerogel (NFC-Si-T) by integrating nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and Si-O-Si bonding networks under the catalytic dehydration of p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH). The anisotropic structure endows the NFC-Si-T with high flexibility that can be easily bent or even tied with a knot, and in addition, it possesses high Young's modulus (1-3.66 MPa) that can resist the compression weight of 10,000 times of its own weight without deformation. Furthermore, the NFC-Si-T aerogels exhibit anisotropic thermal insulation performances with a low average thermal conductivity (0.028-0.049 W m-1 K-1). More importantly, the limited oxygen index of the NFC-Si-T reaches up to 42.6-51%, showing excellent flame-retardant performance. Therefore, the "robust-soft" anisotropic NFC-Si-T aerogels can be used as an advanced thermal insulation material for building thermal insulation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yuelei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yurui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Lunlun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
| | - Heping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li MC, Wu Q, Moon RJ, Hubbe MA, Bortner MJ. Rheological Aspects of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Governing Factors and Emerging Applications. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2006052. [PMID: 33870553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), mainly including nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), have attained enormous interest due to their sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, facile modification of surface chemistry, as well as unique optical, mechanical, and rheological performance. One of the most fascinating properties of CNMs is their aqueous suspension rheology, i.e., CNMs helping create viscous suspensions with the formation of percolation networks and chemical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, and hydrophobic attraction). Under continuous shearing, CNMs in an aqueous suspension can align along the flow direction, producing shear-thinning behavior. At rest, CNM suspensions regain some of their initial structure immediately, allowing rapid recovery of rheological properties. These unique flow features enable CNMs to serve as rheological modifiers in a wide range of fluid-based applications. Herein, the dependence of the rheology of CNM suspensions on test protocols, CNM inherent properties, suspension environments, and postprocessing is systematically described. A critical overview of the recent progress on fluid applications of CNMs as rheology modifiers in some emerging industrial sectors is presented as well. Future perspectives in the field are outlined to guide further research and development in using CNMs as the next generation rheological modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aimonen K, Suhonen S, Hartikainen M, Lopes VR, Norppa H, Ferraz N, Catalán J. Role of Surface Chemistry in the In Vitro Lung Response to Nanofibrillated Cellulose. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:389. [PMID: 33546402 PMCID: PMC7913598 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wood-derived nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has emerged as a sustainable material with a wide range of applications and increasing presence in the market. Surface charges are introduced during the preparation of NFC to facilitate the defibrillation process, which may also alter the toxicological properties of NFC. In the present study, we examined the in vitro toxicity of NFCs with five surface chemistries: nonfunctionalized, carboxymethylated, phosphorylated, sulfoethylated, and hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium-substituted. The NFC samples were characterized for surface functional group density, surface charge, and fiber morphology. Fibril aggregates predominated in the nonfunctionalized NFC, while individual nanofibrils were observed in the functionalized NFCs. Differences in surface group density among the functionalized NFCs were reflected in the fiber thickness of these samples. In human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, all NFCs showed low cytotoxicity (CellTiter-GloVR luminescent cell viability assay) which never exceeded 10% at any exposure time. None of the NFCs induced genotoxic effects, as evaluated by the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The nonfunctionalized and carboxymethylated NFCs were able to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (chloromethyl derivative of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay). However, ROS induction did not result in increased DNA or chromosome damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Satu Suhonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Mira Hartikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Viviana R. Lopes
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (V.R.L.); (N.F.)
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (V.R.L.); (N.F.)
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Heise K, Kontturi E, Allahverdiyeva Y, Tammelin T, Linder MB, Ikkala O. Nanocellulose: Recent Fundamental Advances and Emerging Biological and Biomimicking Applications. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2004349. [PMID: 33289188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the effort toward sustainable advanced functional materials, nanocelluloses have attracted extensive recent attention. Nanocelluloses range from rod-like highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to longer and more entangled cellulose nanofibers, earlier denoted also as microfibrillated celluloses and bacterial cellulose. In recent years, they have spurred research toward a wide range of applications, ranging from nanocomposites, viscosity modifiers, films, barrier layers, fibers, structural color, gels, aerogels and foams, and energy applications, until filtering membranes, to name a few. Still, nanocelluloses continue to show surprisingly high challenges to master their interactions and tailorability to allow well-controlled assemblies for functional materials. Rather than trying to review the already extensive nanocellulose literature at large, here selected aspects of the recent progress are the focus. Water interactions, which are central for processing for the functional properties, are discussed first. Then advanced hybrid gels toward (multi)stimuli responses, shape-memory materials, self-healing, adhesion and gluing, biological scaffolding, and forensic applications are discussed. Finally, composite fibers are discussed, as well as nanocellulose as a strategy for improvement of photosynthesis-based chemicals production. In summary, selected perspectives toward new directions for sustainable high-tech functional materials science based on nanocelluloses are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khalilzadeh MA, Hosseini S, Rad AS, Venditti RA. Synthesis of Grafted Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Hydrogel and Study of Its Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Electronic Properties. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8710-8719. [PMID: 32633505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels were synthesized by a copolymerization reaction of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) and N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker and their absorption performance as a function of composition was determined. Hydrogels with 4% by weight CNF had swelling of about 250 g/g and with 7% CNF about 200 g/g for water. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the reaction pathways and the electronic properties of the cellulose and monomers were investigated through density functional theory calculations. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the radical formation of cellulose that initiates the hydrogel process can occur through the breaking of the homolytic covalent bonds C6-OH and C3-OH. The results show that the reaction of CNF with monomers is thermodynamically favorable in the decreasing order of AM, AA, and MBA. The kinetic study also indicates that the reaction kinetics of CNF with AM is faster than with AA which is much faster than with MBA. Overall, this study has elucidated some of the key chemical characteristics that impact the derivatization of nanocellulose structures to produce advanced renewable bioproducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khalilzadeh
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8005, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr 47651-61964, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr 47651-61964, Iran
| | - Ali Shokuhi Rad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr 47651-61964, Iran
| | - Richard A Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8005, North Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pinto RJB, Martins MA, Lucas JMF, Vilela C, Sales AJM, Costa LC, Marques PAAP, Freire CSR. Highly Electroconductive Nanopapers Based on Nanocellulose and Copper Nanowires: A New Generation of Flexible and Sustainable Electrical Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:34208-34216. [PMID: 32588615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the development of sustainable high-performance functional nanomaterials is in the spotlight. In this work, we report the preparation of a new generation of flexible and high electroconductive nanopapers based on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and copper nanowires (CuNWs). Homogeneous red brick color nanopapers (thickness 30.2-36.4 μm) were obtained by mixing different amounts of NFC aqueous suspensions and CuNWs (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 wt %), followed by vacuum filtration and drying. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the incorporation of the different amounts of CuNWs, and their uniform and random distribution. All of the nanomaterials displayed good mechanical properties, viz., Young's modulus = 2.62-4.72 GPa, tensile strength = 30.2-70.6 MPa, and elongation at break = 2.3-4.1% for the nanopapers with 50 and 1 wt % of CuNWs mass fraction, respectively. The electrical conductivity of these materials strongly depends on the CuNW content, attaining a value of 5.43 × 104 S·m-1 for the nanopaper with a higher mass fraction. This is one of the highest values reported so far for nanocellulose-based conductive materials. Therefore, these nanopapers can be seen as an excellent inexpensive and green alternative to the current electroconductive materials for applications in electronic devices, energy storage, or sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J B Pinto
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Martins
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José M F Lucas
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Vilela
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonio J M Sales
- I3N-Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís C Costa
- I3N-Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA-Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wise HG, Takana H, Ohuchi F, Dichiara AB. Field-Assisted Alignment of Cellulose Nanofibrils in a Continuous Flow-Focusing System. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:28568-28575. [PMID: 32453552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The continuous production of macroscale filaments of 17 μm in diameter comprising aligned TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is conducted using a field-assisted flow-focusing process. The effect of an AC external field on the material's structure becomes significant at a certain voltage, beyond which augmentations of the CNF orientation factor up to 16% are obtained. Results indicate that the electric field significantly contributes to improve the CNF ordering in the bulk, while the CNF alignment on the filament surface is only slightly affected by the applied voltage. X-ray diffraction shows that CNFs are densely packed anisotropically in the plane parallel to the filament axis without any preferential out of plane orientation. The improved nanoscale ordering combined with the tight CNF packing yields impressive enhancements in mechanical properties, with stiffness up to 25 GPa and more than 63% (up to 260 MPa), 46% (up to 2.8%), and 120% (up to 4.7 kJ/m3) increase in tensile strength, strain-to-failure, and toughness, respectively. This study demonstrates for the first time the control over the structural ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in a dynamic system using an electric field, which can have important implications for the development of sustainable alternatives to synthetic textiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather G Wise
- School of Environmental & Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, United States
| | - Hidemasa Takana
- Insititue of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Fumio Ohuchi
- Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, United States
| | - Anthony B Dichiara
- School of Environmental & Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lopes VR, Strømme M, Ferraz N. In Vitro Biological Impact of Nanocellulose Fibers on Human Gut Bacteria and Gastrointestinal Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1159. [PMID: 32545575 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wood-derived nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has long been recognized as a valuable nanomaterial for food-related applications. However, the safety of NFC cannot be predicted just from the chemical nature of cellulose, and there is a need to establish the effect of the nanofibers on the gastrointestinal tract, to reassure the safe use of NFC in food-related products. The present work selected the intestinal cells Caco-2 and the gut bacteria Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus reuteri to evaluate the in vitro biological response to NFC. NFC materials with different surface modifications (carboxymethylation, hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium substitution, phosphorylation and sulfoethylation) and unmodified NFC were investigated. The materials were characterized in terms of surface functional group content, fiber morphology, zeta potential and degree of crystallinity. The Caco-2 cell response to the materials was evaluated by assessing metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity. The effects of the NFC materials on the model bacteria were evaluated by measuring bacterial growth (optical density at 600 nm) and by determining colony forming units counts after NFC exposure. Results showed no sign of cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells exposed to the NFC materials, and NFC surface functionalization did not impact the cell response. Interestingly, a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli was observed while the materials did not affect the growth of L. reuteri. The present findings are foreseen to contribute to increase the knowledge about the potential oral toxicity of NFC and, in turn, add to the development of safe NFC-based food products.
Collapse
|
29
|
Faradilla RHF, Lucia L, Hakovirta M. Remarkable Physical and Thermal Properties of Hydrothermal Carbonized Nanoscale Cellulose Observed from Citric Acid Catalysis and Acetone Rinsing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10061049. [PMID: 32486095 PMCID: PMC7352704 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citric acid (CA) was used for the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of cellulose nanofiber and found to exert remarkable effects on the chemistry and physical aspects of the product distribution. More specifically, the morphology, yield, elemental and proximate composition, chemical functional groups, thermal properties and surface properties of the resultant hydrochars were studied extensively. The morphological properties of the final char were the singularly most surprising and unique finding of this study. The cellulose nanofiber hydrochars were contrasted to hydrochars from bleached softwood pulp, having a similar composition with the former, to pinpoint the role of nano-dimensions. Without the presence of CA, the pulp hydrochar lacked several of the spherical dimensions shown in the nanocellulose; however, and unexpectedly, the presence of CA caused a homogenization of the final product distribution for both samples. Finally, thermally stable and high surface area hydrochars were obtained when the hydrochar was rinsed with acetone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RH Fitri Faradilla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara 93232, Indonesia;
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Marko Hakovirta
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-515-5970
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Granda LA, Oliver-Ortega H, Fabra MJ, Tarrés Q, Pèlach MÀ, Lagarón JM, Méndez JA. Improved Process to Obtain Nanofibrillated Cellulose (CNF) Reinforced Starch Films with Upgraded Mechanical Properties and Barrier Character. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051071. [PMID: 32392772 PMCID: PMC7284417 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest on nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) has increased owing to its sustainability and its capacity to improve mechanical and barrier properties of polymeric films. Moreover, this filler shows some drawbacks related with its high capacity to form aggregates, hindering its dispersion in the matrix. In this work, an improved procedure to optimize the dispersability of CNF in a thermoplastic starch was put forward. On the one hand, CNF needs a hydrophilic dispersant to be included in the matrix, and on the other, starch needs a hydrophilic plasticizer to obtain a thermoformable material. Glycerol was used to fulfil both targets at once. CNF was predispersed in the plasticizer before nanofibrillation and later on was included into starch, obtaining thin films. The tensile strength of these CNF–starch composite films was 60% higher than the plain thermoplastic starch at a very low 0.36% w/w percentage of CNF. The films showed a noticeable correlation between water uptake, and temperature and humidity. Regarding permeability, a ca. 55% oxygen and water vapor permeability drop was found by nanofiller loading. The hydrolytic susceptibility of the composite was confirmed, being similar to that of the thermoplastic starch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Granda
- LEPAMAP Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona EPS, PI, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (L.A.G.); (H.O.-O.); (M.À.P.)
| | - Helena Oliver-Ortega
- LEPAMAP Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona EPS, PI, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (L.A.G.); (H.O.-O.); (M.À.P.)
| | - Maria José Fabra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona EPS, PI, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (L.A.G.); (H.O.-O.); (M.À.P.)
- Correspondence: (Q.T.); (J.A.M.); Tel.: +34-690754563 (Q.T.); +34-682126750 (J.A.M.)
| | - Maria Àngels Pèlach
- LEPAMAP Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona EPS, PI, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (L.A.G.); (H.O.-O.); (M.À.P.)
| | - José Maria Lagarón
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, IATA, CSIC. Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Alberto Méndez
- LEPAMAP Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona EPS, PI, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (L.A.G.); (H.O.-O.); (M.À.P.)
- Correspondence: (Q.T.); (J.A.M.); Tel.: +34-690754563 (Q.T.); +34-682126750 (J.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tian D, Zhong N, Leung J, Shen F, Hu J, Saddler JN. Potential of Xylanases to Reduce the Viscosity of Micro/Nanofibrillated Bleached Kraft Pulp. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:2201-2208. [PMID: 35025272 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The generally high viscosity of micro/nanofibrillated cellulose limits its applications in cream and fluid products. A bleached softwood Kraft (BSK) pulp was refined with increasing energy (500-2500 kWh t-1) to produce micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (MNBSK). Subsequent xylanase treatment was shown to influence the viscosity, gel point, aspect ratio, and fiber surface morphology of the MNBSK. It was apparent that the accessibility to xylanases was increased even at low refining energies (500 kWh t-1). Depending on the initial degree of cellulose fibrillation, xylanase treatment decreased the viscosity of the MNBSK from 4190-2030 to 681-243 Pa·s at a shear rate of 0.01 s-1, corresponding to the reduction in the aspect ratio from 183-296 to 163-194. It was likely that the xylanases were predominantly acting on the xylan present on the fiber surfaces, reducing the cross-linking points on the cellulose fibers and consequently resulting in the reduction in MNBSK viscosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.,Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhong
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zidarič T, Milojević M, Gradišnik L, Stana Kleinschek K, Maver U, Maver T. Polysaccharide-Based Bioink Formulation for 3D Bioprinting of an In Vitro Model of the Human Dermis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E733. [PMID: 32290484 PMCID: PMC7221685 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Limitations in wound management have prompted scientists to introduce bioprinting techniques for creating constructs that can address clinical problems. The bioprinting approach is renowned for its ability to spatially control the three-dimensional (3D) placement of cells, molecules, and biomaterials. These features provide new possibilities to enhance homology to native skin and improve functional outcomes. However, for the clinical value, the development of hydrogel bioink with refined printability and bioactive properties is needed. In this study, we combined the outstanding viscoelastic behavior of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with the fast cross-linking ability of alginate (ALG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and encapsulated human-derived skin fibroblasts (hSF) to create a bioink for the 3D bioprinting of a dermis layer. The shear thinning behavior of hSF-laden bioink enables construction of 3D scaffolds with high cell density and homogeneous cell distribution. The obtained results demonstrated that hSF-laden bioink supports cellular activity of hSF (up to 29 days) while offering proper printability in a biologically relevant 3D environment, making it a promising tool for skin tissue engineering and drug testing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zidarič
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Marko Milojević
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering and Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.M.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tina Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.M.); (L.G.)
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Du X, Qiu J, Deng S, Du Z, Cheng X, Wang H. Alkylated Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Carbon Nanotubes Aerogels Supported Form-Stable Phase Change Composites with Improved n-Alkanes Loading Capacity and Thermal Conductivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5695-5703. [PMID: 31920067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of phase change materials (PCMs) with excellent shape stability, considerable latent heat storage capacity, and superior thermal conductivity is essential for their applications in heat storage and thermal regulation. Here, form-stable composite PCMs based on n-octacosane, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully obtained by impregnating n-octacosane into the alkylated NFC/CNTs hybrid aerogels. The three-dimensional interconnected porous aerogels could adequately support the melted n-octacosane and prevent the leakage problem due to strong capillary force and surface tension. After treatment with alkylated modification, the affinity between NFC/CNTs aerogels and n-alkanes was significantly improved, resulting in excellent shape stability, improved thermal reliability, and high n-alkanes loading capacity for the as-prepared composite PCMs. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that composite PCMs based on the alkylated NFC/CNTs aerogels exhibited an extremely high phase change enthalpy ranging from 250.9 to 252.9 J/g. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion and storage efficiency of the synthesized PCMs were effectively enhanced by the introduction of CNTs. Thus, the synthesized composite PCMs exhibit considerable potential for practical application in heat storage and thermal regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Jinghong Qiu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Sha Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bacakova L, Pajorova J, Tomkova M, Matejka R, Broz A, Stepanovska J, Prazak S, Skogberg A, Siljander S, Kallio P. Applications of Nanocellulose/Nanocarbon Composites: Focus on Biotechnology and Medicine. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E196. [PMID: 31979245 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites are newly emerging smart hybrid materials containing cellulose nanoparticles, such as nanofibrils and nanocrystals, and carbon nanoparticles, such as "classical" carbon allotropes (fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes and nanodiamonds), or other carbon nanostructures (carbon nanofibers, carbon quantum dots, activated carbon and carbon black). The nanocellulose component acts as a dispersing agent and homogeneously distributes the carbon nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites can be prepared with many advantageous properties, such as high mechanical strength, flexibility, stretchability, tunable thermal and electrical conductivity, tunable optical transparency, photodynamic and photothermal activity, nanoporous character and high adsorption capacity. They are therefore promising for a wide range of industrial applications, such as energy generation, storage and conversion, water purification, food packaging, construction of fire retardants and shape memory devices. They also hold great promise for biomedical applications, such as radical scavenging, photodynamic and photothermal therapy of tumors and microbial infections, drug delivery, biosensorics, isolation of various biomolecules, electrical stimulation of damaged tissues (e.g., cardiac, neural), neural and bone tissue engineering, engineering of blood vessels and advanced wound dressing, e.g., with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. However, the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of the composites and their components must also be taken into account.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lenhart V, Quodbach J, Kleinebudde P. Fibrillated Cellulose via High Pressure Homogenization: Analysis and Application for Orodispersible Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:33. [PMID: 31863201 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdered cellulose (PC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are common excipients in pharmaceuticals. Recent investigations imply that particle size is the most critical parameter for the different performance in many processes. High-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to reduce fiber size of both grades. The effect of the homogenization parameters on suspension viscosity, particle size, and mechanical properties of casted films was investigated. PC suspensions showed higher apparent viscosities and yield stresses under the same process conditions than MCC. SLS reduced shear viscosity and thixotropic behavior of both cellulose grades probably due to increased electrostatic repulsion. Homogenization reduced cellulose particle sizes, but re-agglomeration was too strong to analyze the particle size correctly. MCC films showed a tensile strength of up to 16.0 MPa and PC films up to 4.1 MPa. PC films disintegrated within 30 s whereas MCC films did not. Mixtures of MCC and PC led to more stable films than PC alone, but these films did not disintegrate anymore. Diclofenac sodium was incorporated in therapeutic dose with drug load of 47% into orodispersible PC films. The content uniformity of these films fulfilled requirements of Ph.Eur and the films disintegrated in 12 s. In summary, PC and MCC showed comparable results after HPH and most differences could be explained by the smaller particle size of MCC suspensions. These results confirm the hypothesis that mainly the fiber size during processing is responsible for the existing differences of MCC and PC in pharmaceutical process, e.g., wet-extrusion/spheronization.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mitbumrung W, Suphantharika M, McClements DJ, Winuprasith T. Encapsulation of Vitamin D 3 in Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Nanofibrillated Mangosteen Cellulose: Effect of Environmental Stresses. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3213-3221. [PMID: 31589344 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 was encapsulated in 10% wt soybean oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions stabilized by either nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) or whey protein isolate (WPI) at 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7% w/w. The vitamin D3 -enriched emulsions were tested for their stability against temperature (30 °C to 90 °C), pH (2 to 8), and ionic strength (0 to 500 mM NaCl). The mean particle diameter (d32 ), ζ-potential, and creaming stability of the oil droplets in the emulsions were measured, as well as their vitamin D3 encapsulation efficiency (EE). After preparation, the oil droplet size (d32 ) of the emulsions stabilized by NFC increased with increasing emulsifier concentration, whereas the droplet size of emulsions stabilized by WPI decreased. NFC provided good stability to the emulsions through a combination of steric and electrostatic repulsion. The EE of vitamin D3 increased with increasing emulsifier concentration. Heating or ionic strength did not significantly (P < 0.05) affect the emulsions properties and EE. On the other hand, the NFC-stabilized emulsions were sensitive to highly acidic conditions (pH 2), with an increase in particle size and decrease in EE. The WPI-stabilized emulsions aggregated around the isoelectric point of the adsorbed proteins (pI ≈ 4.8). Increasing NFC or WPI concentration improved the stability and EE of the emulsions against environmental stresses. NFC-stabilized emulsions had good long-term stability. The results show that NFC can be used as an effective emulsifier for creating vitamin-enriched emulsions with good stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study can be used to develop more effective encapsulation technologies for fat-soluble vitamins in emulsion-based food products. Encapsulation using nanofibrillated cellulose effectively protected the encapsulated vitamins against environmental stresses which occur in industrial food production (such as pH changes, salt addition, and thermal processing). Moreover, nanofibrillated cellulose extracted from mangosteen rind is a nature-derived emulsifier that is environmental friendly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manop Suphantharika
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol Univ., Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang X, Wu P. 3D Vertically Aligned BNNS Network with Long-Range Continuous Channels for Achieving a Highly Thermally Conductive Composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:28943-28952. [PMID: 31361947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Construction of a three-dimensional (3D) vertically aligned filler network in a polymer matrix has been believed to be an effective method to attain a large through-plane thermal conductivity enhancement at relatively low filler loading. However, it is still a challenge to construct a vertically aligned filler network composed of many long-range continuous pore channels in a polymer matrix for the high-flux heat-conduction. To address this problem, herein, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFCs) assisted unidirectional freeze-drying of a boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) slurry was used to prepare a novel epoxy composite containing a 3D vertically aligned BNNS network with long-range continuous pore channels. The vertically aligned and nacre-mimetic channels make the composite possess a high through-plane thermal conductivity of 1.56 W m-1 K-1 at an extremely low BNNSs loading of 4.4 vol %, and a significant thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency of 167.3 per 1 vol % filler. Therefore, we think this work is expected to give a significant insight into the preparation of polymer composite with high heat-conduction efficiency to address the heat dissipation of modern electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu H, Fang D, Dirican M, Wang R, Tian Y, Chen L, Liu H, Wang J, Tang F, Asiri AM, Zhang X, Tao J. Binding Conductive Ink Initiatively and Strongly: Transparent and Thermally Stable Cellulose Nanopaper as a Promising Substrate for Flexible Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:20281-20290. [PMID: 31083900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For flexible electronics, the substrates play key roles in ensuring their performance. However, most substrates suffer from weak bonding with the conductive ink and need additional aids. Here, inspired by the Ag-S bond theory, a novel cellulose nanopaper substrate is presented to improve the bond strength with the Ag nanoparticle ink through a facile printing method. The substrate is fabricated using thiol-modified nanofibrillated cellulose and exhibits excellent optical properties (∼85%@550 nm), ultra-small surface roughness (3.47 nm), and high thermal dimensional stability (up to at least 90 °C). Most importantly, it can attract Ag nanoparticles initiatively and bind them firmly, which enable the conductive ink to be printed without using the ink binder and form a strong substrate-ink bonding and maintain a stable conductivity of 2 × 10-4 Ω cm even after extensive peeling and bending. This work may lead to exploring new opportunities to fabricate high-performance flexible electronics using the newly developed nanopaper substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Yu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Dongjun Fang
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Mahmut Dirican
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Ruiping Wang
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yan Tian
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Linlin Chen
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Guangzhou Lushan New Materials Co., Ltd , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Fangcheng Tang
- Guangzhou Lushan New Materials Co., Ltd , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | | | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Jinsong Tao
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bacakova L, Pajorova J, Bacakova M, Skogberg A, Kallio P, Kolarova K, Svorcik V. Versatile Application of Nanocellulose: From Industry to Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9020164. [PMID: 30699947 PMCID: PMC6410160 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is cellulose in the form of nanostructures, i.e., features not exceeding 100 nm at least in one dimension. These nanostructures include nanofibrils, found in bacterial cellulose; nanofibers, present particularly in electrospun matrices; and nanowhiskers, nanocrystals, nanorods, and nanoballs. These structures can be further assembled into bigger two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nano-, micro-, and macro-structures, such as nanoplatelets, membranes, films, microparticles, and porous macroscopic matrices. There are four main sources of nanocellulose: bacteria (Gluconacetobacter), plants (trees, shrubs, herbs), algae (Cladophora), and animals (Tunicata). Nanocellulose has emerged for a wide range of industrial, technology, and biomedical applications, namely for adsorption, ultrafiltration, packaging, conservation of historical artifacts, thermal insulation and fire retardation, energy extraction and storage, acoustics, sensorics, controlled drug delivery, and particularly for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose is promising for use in scaffolds for engineering of blood vessels, neural tissue, bone, cartilage, liver, adipose tissue, urethra and dura mater, for repairing connective tissue and congenital heart defects, and for constructing contact lenses and protective barriers. This review is focused on applications of nanocellulose in skin tissue engineering and wound healing as a scaffold for cell growth, for delivering cells into wounds, and as a material for advanced wound dressings coupled with drug delivery, transparency and sensorics. Potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of nanocellulose are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Julia Pajorova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Anne Skogberg
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pasi Kallio
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Katerina Kolarova
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li J, Cha R, Mou K, Zhao X, Long K, Luo H, Zhou F, Jiang X. Nanocellulose-Based Antibacterial Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800334. [PMID: 29923342 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their unique and potentially useful features. In this review, several representative types of nanocellulose and modification methods for antimicrobial applications are mainly focused on. Recent literature related with the preparation and applications of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials is reviewed. The fabrication of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials for wound dressings, drug carriers, and packaging materials is the focus of the research. The most important additives employed in the preparation of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials are presented, such as antibiotics, metal, and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as chitosan. These nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials can benefit many applications including wound dressings, drug carriers, and packaging materials. Finally, the challenges of industrial production and potentials for development of nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes; National Laboratory of Mineral Materials; School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences (Beijing); Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kaiwen Mou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Keying Long
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huize Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes; National Laboratory of Mineral Materials; School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences (Beijing); Beijing 100083 China
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes; National Laboratory of Mineral Materials; School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences (Beijing); Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shao C, Zhu Z, Su C, Yang S, Yuan Q. Thin Electric Heating Membrane Constructed with a Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillated Cellulose⁻Graphene⁻Graphene Oxide System. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11091727. [PMID: 30223474 PMCID: PMC6163438 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and graphene oxide (GO) with reinforcing and film-forming properties were employed with graphene to develop a novel and thin electric heating membrane with heat dissipation controllability. A negative charge was found on the surface of GO and NFC in aqueous dispersions, which contributed to the homogeneous distribution of the graphene sheets. The membrane had a good laminated structure with three-dimensional interaction between GO and NFC, with embedded graphene sheets. Conductivity was characterized as a function of the amount of graphene, thus giving control over to the heating power by adjusting the ratio of graphene. Subsequent electric heating tests can remove irregularities on the GO and graphene sheet, improving the laminated structure further. The temperature on the surface of the membrane presented an exponential increasing regularity with time. Under the same power density and time, the stabilized temperature rise of membranes was higher when grammage was higher, which was characterized by the linear function of the power density. Low-grammage membranes (1 and 4 g·m−2) also exhibited regular and even stabilized temperature rises. The indicated structure and heating performance of the membrane, as well as the variation induced by Joule heating, would drive its applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Shao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Chuwang Su
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Sheng Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Quanping Yuan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Basu A, Strømme M, Ferraz N. Towards Tunable Protein-Carrier Wound Dressings Based on Nanocellulose Hydrogels Crosslinked with Calcium Ions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8070550. [PMID: 30036970 PMCID: PMC6070963 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A Ca2+-crosslinked wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogel was investigated to build knowledge toward the use of nanocellulose for topical drug delivery applications in a chronic wound healing context. Proteins of varying size and isoelectric point were loaded into the hydrogel in a simple soaking procedure. The release of the proteins from the hydrogel was monitored and kinetics determining parameters of the release processes were assessed. The integrity of the hydrogel and proteins were also studied. The results showed that electrostatic interactions between the proteins and the negatively-charged NFC hydrogel structure played a central role in the loading process. The release of the proteins were governed by Fickian diffusion. An increased protein size, as well as a positive protein charge facilitated a slower and more sustained release process from the hydrogel matrix. At the same time, the positively-charged protein was shown to increase the post-loading hydrogel strength. Released proteins maintained structural stability and activity, thus indicating that the Ca2+-crosslinked NFC hydrogel could function as a carrier of therapeutic proteins without compromising protein function. It is foreseen that, by utilizing tunable charge properties of the NFC hydrogel, release profiles can be tailored to meet very specific treatment needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Basu
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shen Z, Feng J. Highly Thermally Conductive Composite Films Based on Nanofibrillated Cellulose in Situ Coated with a Small Amount of Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:24193-24200. [PMID: 29939007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a freestanding flexible nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/silver (Ag) composite film with high thermal conductivity (TC) was prepared using the NFC that was in situ coated with a small amount of Ag nanoparticles through mussel-inspired chemistry of dopamine. The results demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles were homogeneously coated on the surface of NFC nanofibers and their incorporation had little influence on the film-forming ability of NFC. The NFC decorated with Ag nanoparticles could easily form thermally conductive pathways in the composite films, and the resultant films containing only 2.0 vol % of Ag showed a high in-plane TC value of 6.0 W/(m·K), which was 4 times that of pure NFC film. Moreover, the composite films exhibited relatively high strength and flexibility. The highly thermally conductive NFC/Ag composite films possess potential applications as lateral heat spreaders in flexible electronic equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kontturi E, Laaksonen P, Linder MB, Gröschel AH, Rojas OJ, Ikkala O. Advanced Materials through Assembly of Nanocelluloses. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1703779. [PMID: 29504161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form the basis of the future bioeconomy for energy and material efficiency. Cellulose has long been recognized as an abundant polymer. Modified celluloses were, in fact, among the first polymers used in technical applications; however, they were later replaced by petroleum-based synthetic polymers. Currently, there is a resurgence of interest to utilize renewable resources, where cellulose is foreseen to make again a major impact, this time in the development of advanced materials. This is because of its availability and properties, as well as economic and sustainable production. Among cellulose-based structures, cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals display nanoscale lateral dimensions and lengths ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Their excellent mechanical properties are, in part, due to their crystalline assembly via hydrogen bonds. Owing to their abundant surface hydroxyl groups, they can be easily modified with nanoparticles, (bio)polymers, inorganics, or nanocarbons to form functional fibers, films, bulk matter, and porous aerogels and foams. Here, some of the recent progress in the development of advanced materials within this rapidly growing field is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - André H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, DE-45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang L, Lyu S, Chen Z, Wang S. Fabrication Flexible and Luminescent Nanofibrillated Cellulose Films with Modified SrAl₂O₄: Eu, Dy Phosphors via Nanoscale Silica and Aminosilane. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E352. [PMID: 29786673 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Flexible 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (ONFC) films with long afterglow luminescence containing modified SrAl₂O₄: Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAOED) phosphors were fabricated by a template method. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxy-silane (APTMS) were employed cooperatively to improve the water resistance and compatibility of the SAOED particles in the ONFC suspension. The structure and morphology after modification evidenced the formation of a superior SiO₂ layer and coarse amino-compounds on the surface of the phosphors. Homogeneous dispersions containing ONFC and the modified phosphors were prepared and the interface of composite films containing the amino-modified particles showed a more closely packed structure and had less voids at the interface between the cellulose and luminescent particles than that of silica-modified phosphors. The emission spectra for luminescent films showed a slight blue shift (3.2 nm) at around 512 nm. Such flexible films with good luminescence, thermal resistance, and mechanical properties can find applications in fields like luminous flexible equipment, night indication, and portable logo or labels.
Collapse
|
46
|
Li SC, Hu BC, Ding YW, Liang HW, Li C, Yu ZY, Wu ZY, Chen WS, Yu SH. Wood-Derived Ultrathin Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7085-7090. [PMID: 29687551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon aerogels with 3D networks of interconnected nanometer-sized particles exhibit fascinating physical properties and show great application potential. Efficient and sustainable methods are required to produce high-performance carbon aerogels on a large scale to boost their practical applications. An economical and sustainable method is now developed for the synthesis of ultrathin carbon nanofiber (CNF) aerogels from the wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) aerogels via a catalytic pyrolysis process, which guarantees high carbon residual and well maintenance of the nanofibrous morphology during thermal decomposition of the NFC aerogels. The wood-derived CNF aerogels exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, a large surface area, and potential as a binder-free electrode material for supercapacitors. The results suggest great promise in developing new families of carbon aerogels based on the controlled pyrolysis of economical and sustainable nanostructured precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Li
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Cheng Hu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Wei Ding
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zi-You Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Shuai Chen
- Key laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jin S, Li K, Li J. Nature-Inspired Green Procedure for Improving Performance of Protein-Based Nanocomposites via Introduction of Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Stablized Graphene/Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E270. [PMID: 30966305 PMCID: PMC6415091 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy protein isolate (SPI) provides a potential alternative biopolymer source to fossil fuels, but improving the mechanical properties and water resistance of SPI composites remains a huge challenge. Inspired by the synergistic effect of natural nacre, we developed a novel approach to fabricate high-performance SPI nanocomposite films based on 2D graphene (G) nanosheets and 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) using a casting method. The introduction of web-like NFC promoted the uniform dispersion of graphene/CNTs in the biopolymer matrix, as well as a high extent of cross-linkage combination between the fillers and SPI matrix. The laminated and cross-linked structures of the different nanocomposite films were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images. Due to the synergistic interactions of π⁻π stacking and hydrogen bonding between the nanofillers and SPI chains, the tensile strength of SPI/G/CNT/NFC film significantly increased by 78.9% and the water vapor permeability decreased by 31.76% in comparison to neat SPI film. In addition, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light barrier performance, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity of the films were significantly improved as well. This bioinspired synergistic reinforcing strategy opens a new path for constructing high-performance nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Utilization, Beijing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Utilization, Beijing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Utilization, Beijing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Song N, Cui S, Hou X, Ding P, Shi L. Significant Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity in Nanofibrillated Cellulose Films with Low Mass Fraction of Nanodiamond. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:40766-40773. [PMID: 29125740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High thermal conductive nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hybrid films based on nanodiamond (ND) were fabricated by a facile vacuum filtration technique. In this issue, the thermal conductivity (TC) on the in-plane direction of the NFC/ND hybrid film had a significant enhancement of 775.2% at a comparatively low ND content (0.5 wt %). The NFC not only helps ND to disperse in the aqueous medium stably but also plays a positive role in the formation of the hierarchical structure. ND could form a thermal conductive pathway in the hierarchical structures under the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the hybrid films composed of zero-dimensional ND and one-dimensional NFC exhibit remarkable mechanical properties and optical transparency. The NFC/ND hybrid films possessing superior TC, mechanical properties, and optical transparency can open applications for portable electronic equipment as a lateral heat spreader.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Siqi Cui
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xingshuang Hou
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Peng Ding
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Liyi Shi
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ghafar A, Parikka K, Haberthür D, Tenkanen M, Mikkonen KS, Suuronen JP. Synchrotron Microtomography Reveals the Fine Three-Dimensional Porosity of Composite Polysaccharide Aerogels. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10080871. [PMID: 28773235 PMCID: PMC5578237 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of ice-templating conditions on the morphological features of composite polysaccharide aerogels in relation to their mechanical behavior and aims to get a better insight into the parameters governing these properties. We have prepared polysaccharide aerogels of guar galactomannan (GM) and tamarind seed xyloglucan (XG) by enzymatic oxidation with galactose oxidase (GaO) to form hydrogels, followed by conventional and unidirectional ice-templating (freezing) methods and lyophilization to form aerogels. Composite polysaccharide aerogels were prepared by incorporating nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) into polysaccharide solutions prior to enzymatic oxidation and gel formation; such a cross linking technique enabled the homogeneous distribution of the NFC reinforcement into the gel matrix. We conducted phase-enhanced synchrotron X-ray microtomography (XMT) scans and visualized the internal microstructure of the aerogels in three-dimensional (3D) space. Volume-weighted pore-size and pore-wall thickness distributions were quantitatively measured and correlated to the aerogels’ mechanical properties regarding ice-templating conditions. Pore-size distribution and orientation depended on the ice-templating methods and the NFC reinforcement that significantly determined the mechanical and shape-recovery behavior of the aerogels. The results obtained will guide the design of the microporous structure of polysaccharide aerogels with optimal morphology and mechanical behavior for life-sciences applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ghafar
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), University of Helsinki, FI-0014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kirsti Parikka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), University of Helsinki, FI-0014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - David Haberthür
- X-ray Tomography Group, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), University of Helsinki, FI-0014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), University of Helsinki, FI-0014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhao Q, Ning L, Liang Y, Zhang Z, Ren L. Effect of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Content on the Temperature and Near Infrared Responses of Polyvinyl Butyral Nanofibers-Containing Bilayer Hydrogel System. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E270. [PMID: 30970947 DOI: 10.3390/polym9070270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel kind of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) reinforced polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofibers-containing bilayer hydrogel system was successfully fabricated via the combination of a one-step, in-situ, free radical polymerization and electrospinning. The hydrogel owned high mechanical strength, thermoresponsive, and near infrared bending/unbending properties. The cross-linking density of hydrogels enhanced along with the increase of NFC content. The addition of NFC and PVB nanofibers presented tiny influence on the variation of chemical bond and volume phase transition temperature. The combination between NFC and PVB nanofibers enhanced the mechanical strength and decreased the strain value, which built the base for high bonding strength of two layers and efficient thermoresponsive and near infrared responses. With the increase of NFC content, the bending degree became smaller. The bilayer hydrogel dimensions affected the deformation degree. Bilayer hydrogels with different NFC content own different deformation abilities, which can be designed as different parts of soft actuators and provide superior performance to satisfy various practical application demands.
Collapse
|