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Brennan MC, McCleese CL, Loftus LM, Lipp J, Febbraro M, Hall HJ, Turner DB, Carter MJ, Stevenson PR, Grusenmeyer TA. Optically Transparent Lead Halide Perovskite Polycrystalline Ceramics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38498384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
We utilize room-temperature uniaxial pressing at applied loads achievable with low-cost, laboratory-scale presses to fabricate freestanding CH3NH3PbX3 (X- = Br-, Cl-) polycrystalline ceramics with millimeter thicknesses and optical transparency up to ∼70% in the infrared. As-fabricated perovskite ceramics can be produced with desirable form factors (i.e., size, shape, and thickness) and high-quality surfaces without any postprocessing (e.g., cutting or polishing). This method should be broadly applicable to a large swath of metal halide perovskites, not just the compositions shown here. In addition to fabrication, we analyze microstructure-optical property relationships through detailed experiments (e.g., transmission measurements, electron microscopy, X-ray tomography, optical profilometry, etc.) as well as modeling based on Mie theory. The optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of perovskite polycrystalline ceramics are benchmarked against those of single-crystalline analogues through spectroscopic ellipsometry, Hall measurements, and nanoindentation. Finally, γ-ray scintillation from a transparent MAPbBr3 ceramic is demonstrated under irradiation from a 137Cs source. From a broader perspective, scalable methods to produce freestanding polycrystalline lead halide perovskites with comparable properties to their single-crystal counterparts could enable key advancements in the commercial production of perovskite-based technologies (e.g., direct X-ray/γ-ray detectors, scintillators, and nonlinear optics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Brennan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Christopher L McCleese
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Lauren M Loftus
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Jeremiah Lipp
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Michael Febbraro
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Harris J Hall
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - David B Turner
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael J Carter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Peter R Stevenson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
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Cook VANO, Groneberg AH, Hoffmann M, Kadobianskyi M, Veith J, Schulze L, Henninger J, Britz R, Judkewitz B. Ultrafast sound production mechanism in one of the smallest vertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314017121. [PMID: 38408231 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314017121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Motion is the basis of nearly all animal behavior. Evolution has led to some extraordinary specializations of propulsion mechanisms among invertebrates, including the mandibles of the dracula ant and the claw of the pistol shrimp. In contrast, vertebrate skeletal movement is considered to be limited by the speed of muscle, saturating around 250 Hz. Here, we describe the unique propulsion mechanism by which Danionella cerebrum, a miniature cyprinid fish of only 12 mm length, produces high amplitude sounds exceeding 140 dB (re. 1 µPa, at a distance of one body length). Using a combination of high-speed video, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), RNA profiling, and finite difference simulations, we found that D. cerebrum employ a unique sound production mechanism that involves a drumming cartilage, a specialized rib, and a dedicated muscle adapted for low fatigue. This apparatus accelerates the drumming cartilage at over 2,000 g, shooting it at the swim bladder to generate a rapid, loud pulse. These pulses are chained together to make calls with either bilaterally alternating or unilateral muscle contractions. D. cerebrum use this remarkable mechanism for acoustic communication with conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity A N O Cook
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Antonia H Groneberg
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Mykola Kadobianskyi
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Johannes Veith
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Lisanne Schulze
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Jörg Henninger
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ralf Britz
- Senckenberg Society Natural History Collections, Dresden 01109, Germany
| | - Benjamin Judkewitz
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Khan I, Marfoua B, Hong J. Optical transparency in 2D ferromagnetic WSe 2/1T-VSe 2/WSe 2multilayer with strain induced large anomalous Nernst conductivity. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:125704. [PMID: 38055964 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad12e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Transparent two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials may bring intriguing features and are indispensable for transparent electronics. However, it is rare to find both optical transparency and room-temperature ferromagnetism simultaneously in a single 2D material. Herein, we explore the possibility of both these features in 2D WSe2/1T-VSe2(1ML)/WSe2and WSe2/1T-VSe2(2ML)/WSe2heterostructures by taking one monolayer (1ML) and two monolayers (2ML) of 1T-VSe2using first-principles calculations. Further, we investigate anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) using a maximally localized Wannier function. The WSe2/1T-VSe2(1ML)/WSe2and WSe2/1T-VSe2(2ML)/WSe2systems show Curie temperatures of 328 and 405 K. Under biaxial compressive strain, the magnetic anisotropy of both systems is switched from in-plane to out-of-plane. We find a large AHC of 1.51 e2/h and 3.10 e2/h in the electron-doped region for strained WSe2/1T-VSe2(1ML)/WSe2and WSe2/1T-VSe2(2ML)/WSe2systems. Furthermore, we obtain a giant ANC of 3.94 AK-1m-1in a hole-doped strained WSe2/1T-VSe2(2ML)/WSe2system at 100 K. Both WSe2/1T-VSe2(1ML)/WSe2and WSe2/1T-VSe2(2ML)/WSe2are optically transparent in the visible ranges with large refractive indices of 3.2-3.4. Our results may suggest that the WSe2/1T-VSe2/WSe2structure possesses multifunctional physical properties and these features can be utilized for spintronics and optoelectronics device applications such as magnetic sensors, memory devices, and transparent magneto-optic devices at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Brahim Marfoua
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Hong
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Hasegawa M, Miyama T, Ishii J, Watanabe D, Uchida A. Colorless Polyimides Derived from 5,5'-bis(2,3-norbornanedicarboxylic anhydride): Strategies to Reduce the Linear Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Improve the Film Toughness. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3838. [PMID: 37765692 PMCID: PMC10535765 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, novel colorless polyimides (PIs) derived from 5,5'-bis(2,3-norbornanedicarboxylic anhydride) (BNBDA) were presented. The results of single-crystal X-ray structural analysis using a BNBDA-based model compound suggested that it had a unique steric structure with high structural linearity. Therefore, BNBDA is expected to afford new colorless PI films with an extremely high glass transition temperature (Tg) and a low linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) when combined with aromatic diamines with rigid and linear structures (typically, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB)). However, the polyaddition of BNBDA and TFMB did not form a PI precursor with a sufficiently high molecular weight; consequently, the formation of a flexible, free-standing PI film via the two-step process was inhibited because of its brittleness. One-pot polycondensation was also unsuccessful in this system because of precipitation during the reaction, probably owing to the poor solubility of the initially yielded BNBDA/TFMB imide oligomers. The combinations of (1) the structural modification of the BNBDA/TFMB system, (2) the application of a modified one-pot process, in which the conditions of the temperature-rising profile, solvents, azeotropic agent, catalysts, and reactor were refined, and (3) the optimization of the film preparation conditions overcame the trade-off between low CTE and high film toughness and afforded unprecedented PI films with well-balanced properties, simultaneously achieving excellent optical transparency, extremely high Tg, sufficiently high thermal stability, low CTE, high toughness, relatively low water uptake, and excellent solution processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichi Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- High Performance Materials Research & Development Department, High Performance Materials Company, ENEOS Corp., Yokohama 231-0815, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Uchida
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan
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Ren X, Wang Z, He Z, Yang C, Qi Y, Han S, Chen S, Yu H, Liu J. Synthesis and Characterization of Organo-Soluble Polyimides Based on Polycondensation Chemistry of Fluorene-Containing Dianhydride and Amide-Bridged Diamines with Good Optical Transparency and Glass Transition Temperatures over 400 °C. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3549. [PMID: 37688175 PMCID: PMC10490053 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric optical films with light colors, good optical transparency and high thermal resistance have gained increasing attention in advanced optoelectronic areas in recent years. However, it is somewhat inter-conflicting for achieving the good optical properties to the conventional thermal resistant polymers, such as the standard aromatic polyimide (PI) films, which are well known for the excellent combined properties and also the deep colors. In this work, a series of wholly aromatic PI films were prepared via the polycondensation chemistry of one fluorene-containing dianhydride, 9,9-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydride (FDAn) and several aromatic diamines with amide linkages in the main chain, including 9,9-bis [4-(4-aminobenzamide)phenyl]fluorene (FDAADA), 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-bis[4-(4-aminobenzamide)] biphenyl (ABTFMB), and 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-bis[4-(4-amino-3-methyl)benzamide] biphenyl (MABTFMB). The derived FLPI-1 (FDAn-FDAADA), FLPI-2 (FDAn-ABTFMB) and FLPI-3 (FDAn-MABTFMB) resins showed good solubility in the polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The solution-processing FDAn-PI films exhibited good optical transmittance over 80.0% at a wavelength of 500 nm (T500), yellow indices (b*) in the range of 1.01-5.20, and haze values lower than 1.0%. In addition, the FDAn-PI films showed low optical retardance with optical retardation (Rth) values in the range of 31.7-390.6 nm. At the same time, the FDAn-PI films exhibited extremely high glass transition temperatures (Tg) over 420 °C according to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. The FDAn-PI films showed good dimensional stability at elevated temperatures with linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) in the range of (31.8-45.8) × 10-6/K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Changxu Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuexin Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Shujun Han
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Shujing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jingang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.Q.); (S.H.); (S.C.)
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Liu WJ, Chang YH, Chiang CC, Lai JX, Chen YT, Chen HL, Lin SH. Investigation of Sm Addition on Microstructural and Optical Properties of CoFe Thin Films. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5380. [PMID: 37570084 PMCID: PMC10420287 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
CoFe-based alloys and rare earth (RE) elements are among the most studied materials in applying magnetic devices to improve soft magnetic characteristics. A series of Co40Fe40Sm20 films are deposited on a glass substrate via the sputtering technique, followed by an annealing process to investigate their effect on microstructural and optical properties of Co40Fe40Sm20 films. In this study, the increase in the thickness of Co40Fe40Sm20 films and annealing temperatures resulted in a smoother surface morphology. The 40 nm Co40Fe40Sm20 films annealed 300 °C are expected to have good wear resistance and adhesive properties due to their high values of H/E ratio and surface energy. Optical transparency also increased due to the smoother surface of the Co40Fe40Sm20 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Huang Chang
- Bachelor Program in Industrial Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chin Chiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Xin Lai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan; (J.-X.L.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Yuan-Tsung Chen
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan; (J.-X.L.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hsiung-Liang Chen
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan; (J.-X.L.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Shih-Hung Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan;
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He Z, Ren X, Wang Z, Pan Z, Qi Y, Han S, Yu H, Liu J. Preparation and Characterization of Light-Colored Polyimide Nanocomposite Films Derived from a Fluoro-Containing Semi-Alicyclic Polyimide Matrix and Colloidal Silica with Enhanced High-Temperature Dimensionally Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3015. [PMID: 37514405 PMCID: PMC10385249 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-colored and transparent polyimide (PI) films with good high-temperature dimensional stability are highly desired for advanced optoelectronic applications. However, in practice, the simultaneous achievement of good optical and thermal properties in one PI film is usually difficult due to the inter-conflicting molecular design of the polymers. In the present work, a series of PI-SiO2 nanocomposite films (ABTFCPI) were developed based on the PI matrix derived from hydrogenated pyromellitic anhydride (HPMDA) and an aromatic diamine containing benzanilide and trifluoromethyl substituents in the structure, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-bis [4-(4-aminobenzamide)]biphenyl (ABTFMB). The inorganic SiO2 fillers were incorporated into the nanocomposite films in the form of colloidal nanoparticles dispersed in the good solvent of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) for the PI matrix. The derived ABTFCPI nanocomposite films showed good film-forming ability, flexible and tough nature, good optical transparency, and good thermal properties with loading amounts of SiO2 up to 30 wt% in the system. The ABTFCPI-30 film with a SiO2 content of 30 wt% in the film showed an optical transmittance of 79.6% at the wavelength of 400 nm (T400) with a thickness of 25 μm, yellow index (b*) of 2.15, and 5% weight loss temperatures (T5%) of 491 °C, which are all comparable to those the pristine ABTFCPI-0 matrix without filler (T400 = 81.8%; b* = 1.77; T5% = 492 °C). Meanwhile, the ABTFCPI-30 film exhibited obviously enhanced high-temperature dimensional stability with linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of 25.4 × 10-6/K in the temperature range of 50 to 250 °C, which is much lower than that of the AMTFCPI-0 film (CTE = 32.7 × 10-6/K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuexin Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shujun Han
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Lu Z, Xia C, Zhang Y, Tan J. Metasurface with Electrically Tunable Microwave Transmission Amplitude and Broadband High Optical Transparency. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37284791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces with tunable microwave transmission amplitude and broadband high optical transparency hold great promise for the next generation of optically transparent and smart electromagnetic transmission devices. In this study, a novel and electrically tunable metasurface with high optical transparency in the visible-infrared broadband is proposed and fabricated by integrating meshed electric-LC resonators and patterned VO2. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the designed metasurface has a normalized transmittance greater than 88% over a wide wavelength range of 380-5000 nm, and the transmission amplitude can be continuously tuned from -1.27 to -15.38 dB at 10 GHz under current excitation, indicating significantly limited passband loss and strong electromagnetic shielding capability in the on and off cases, respectively. This study provides a simple, practical, and feasible method for optically transparent metasurfaces with electrically tunable microwave amplitude, paving the way for the application of VO2 in multiple fields such as intelligent optical windows, smart radomes, microwave communications, and optically transparent electromagnetic stealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Lu
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Lab of Ultra-precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chao Xia
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Lab of Ultra-precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Lab of Ultra-precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiubin Tan
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Lab of Ultra-precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Chai Q, Zhang F, Zhou Q, Peng Z, Wu D, Liang P, Wei L, Chao X, Yang Z. Superior Energy Storage Properties and Optical Transparency in K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 -Based Dielectric Ceramics via Multiple Synergistic Strategies. Small 2023; 19:e2207464. [PMID: 36748859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly transparent dielectric ceramics with superior energy storage properties are highly desirable in various transparent energy-storage electronic devices, ranging from advanced transparent pulse capacitors to electro-optical multifunctional devices. However, the collaborative improvement of energy storage properties and optical transparency in KNN-based ceramics still remains challenging. To address this issue, multiple synergistic strategies are proposed, such as refining the grain size, introducing polar nanoregions, and inducing a high-symmetry phase structure. Accordingly, outstanding energy storage density (Wtotal ≈7.5 J cm-3 , Wrec ≈5.3 J cm-3 ) and optical transmittance (≈76% at 1600 nm, ≈62% at 780 nm) are simultaneously realized in the 0.94(K0.5 Na0.5 )NbO3 -0.06Sr0.7 La0.2 ZrO3 ceramic, together with satisfactory charge-discharge performances (discharge energy density: ≈2.7 J cm-3 , power density: ≈243 MW cm-3 , discharge rate: ≈76 ns), surpassing previously reported KNN-based transparent ceramics. Piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that this excellent performance can be attributed to the nanoscale domain and submicron-scale grain size. The significant improvement in the optical transparency and energy storage properties of the materials resulted in the widening of the application prospects of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Chai
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Fudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Zhanhui Peng
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Xiaolian Chao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Zupei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
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10
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Silva HF, Martins IS, Bogdanov AA, Tuchin VV, Oliveira LM. Characterization of optical clearing mechanisms in muscle during treatment with glycerol and gadobutrol solutions. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200205. [PMID: 36101493 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent increasing interest in the application of radiology contrasting agents to create transparency in biological tissues implies that the diffusion properties of those agents need evaluation. The comparison of those properties with the ones obtained for other optical clearing agents allows to perform an optimized agent selection to create optimized transparency in clinical applications. In this study, the evaluation and comparison of the diffusion properties of gadobutrol and glycerol in skeletal muscle was made, showing that although gadobutrol has a higher molar mass than glycerol, its low viscosity allows for a faster diffusion in the muscle. The characterization of the tissue dehydration and refractive index matching mechanisms of optical clearing was made in skeletal muscle, namely by the estimation of the diffusion coefficients for water, glycerol and gadobutrol. The estimated tortuosity values of glycerol (2.2) and of gadobutrol (1.7) showed a longer path-length for glycerol in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Silva
- Centre of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês S Martins
- Centre of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexei A Bogdanov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Radiology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC "Saratov Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences,", Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - Luís M Oliveira
- Centre of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Physics Department, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Fredi G, Favaro M, Da Ros D, Pegoretti A, Dorigato A. Thermotropic Optical Response of Silicone-Paraffin Flexible Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235117. [PMID: 36501509 PMCID: PMC9739761 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic phase change materials, e.g., paraffins, are attracting increasing attention in thermal energy storage (TES) and thermal management applications. However, they also manifest interesting optical properties such as thermotropism, as they can switch from optically opaque to transparent reversibly and promptly at the melting temperature. This work aims at exploiting this feature to produce flexible silicone-based blends with thermotropic properties for applications in glazed windows or thermal sensors. Blends are produced by adding paraffin (Tm = 44 °C, up to 10 phr) to a silicone bicomponent mixture, and, for the first time, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is also added to promote paraffin dispersion and avoid its exudation. CTAB is proven effective in preventing paraffin exudation both in the solid and in the liquid state when added in a fraction above 3 phr with respect to paraffin. Rheological results show that paraffin decreases the complex viscosity, but neither paraffin nor CTAB modifies the curing behavior of silicone, which indicates uniform processability across the investigated compositions. On the other hand, paraffin causes a decrease in the stress and strain at break at 60 °C, and this effect is amplified by CTAB, which acts as a defect and stress concentrator. Conversely, at room temperature, solid paraffin only slightly impairs the mechanical properties, while CTAB increases both the elastic modulus and tensile strength, as also highlighted with ANOVA. Finally, optical transmittance results suggest that the maximum transmittance difference below and above the melting temperature (65-70 percentage points) is reached for paraffin amounts of 3 to 5 phr and a CTAB amount of max. 0.15 phr.
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12
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Zhang J, Shao L, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhu W. Graphene-Based Optically Transparent Metasurface Capable of Dual-Polarized Modulation for Electromagnetic Stealth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:31075-31084. [PMID: 35770880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microwave stealth technology with optical transparency is of great significance for solar-powered aircrafts (e.g., satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles) in increasingly complex electromagnetic environments. By coating them with optically transparent absorbing materials or devices, these large-sized solar panels could avoid detection by radar while maintaining highly efficient collection of solar energy. However, conventional microwave-absorbing materials/devices for solar panels suffer from bulky volume and fixed stealth performance that significantly hinders their practicality or multifunctionality. Particularly, dynamic modulation of microwave absorption for dual polarization remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose the design, fabrication, and characterization of an optically transparent and dynamically tunable microwave-absorbing metasurface that enables dual modulations (amplitude and frequency) independently for two orthogonal linearly polarized excitations. The tunability of the proposed metasurface is guaranteed by an elaborately designed anisotropic meta-atom composed of a patterned graphene structure whose electromagnetic responses for different polarizations can be dynamically and independently controlled via bias voltages. The dual tunability in such a graphene-based absorbing metasurface is experimentally measured, which agrees well with those numerical results. We further build an equivalent lumped circuit model to analyze the physical relation between the tunable sheet resistance of graphene and the polarization-independent modulations of the metasurface. Taking into account the advantages of optical transparency and flexibility, the proposed microwave-absorbing metasurface significantly enhances the multitasking stealth performance in complex scenarios and has the potential for advanced solar energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linda Shao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chiben Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Weiren Zhu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Ma L, Xu H, Lu Z, Tan J. Optically Transparent Broadband Microwave Absorber by Graphene and Metallic Rings. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:17727-17738. [PMID: 35389630 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand for optically transparent microwave absorbers has attracted increasing interest among researchers in recent years. However, integrating broadband microwave absorption and high optical transparency remains a challenge. This report demonstrates a scheme for broadband microwave absorbers, featuring a 90% absorption bandwidth of 10 GHz covering a frequency range of 25.2-35.2 GHz and high compatibility with good optical transparency in a wide band from the visible to infrared. The absorber is based on a Jaumann structure composed of two graphene sheets sandwiched by dielectric and backed by an arrayed-metallic-rings sheet. Guided by derived formulas, this absorber exhibits complete absorption if the sheet resistance of graphene is close to 500 Ω sq-1. The bandwidth and center frequency of the absorption spectra can be readily tuned simply via changes in the thickness of the dielectric between the graphene films and arrayed-metallic-rings sheet. Moreover, the absorber is insensitive to the incident angle of radiation and can achieve broadband and near-unity absorption even at oblique incidence. The graphene-based absorber proposed herein provides a viable solution for effectively integrating broadband and near-unity microwave absorption with high optical transparency, thereby enabling widespread applications in optics, communications, and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
- Nondestructive Detection and Monitoring Technology for High Speed Transportation Facilities, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xu
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengang Lu
- Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Ultra-Precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiubin Tan
- Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Ultra-Precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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14
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El-Nachef WN, Hu C, Bronner ME. Whole gut imaging allows quantification of all enteric neurons in the adult zebrafish intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14292. [PMID: 34865280 PMCID: PMC8799505 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fundamental understanding of the enteric nervous system in normal and diseased states is limited by the lack of standard measures of total enteric neuron number. The adult zebrafish is a useful model in this context as it is amenable to in toto imaging of the intestine. We leveraged this to develop a technique to image and quantify all enteric neurons within the adult zebrafish intestine and applied this method to assess the relationship between intestinal length and total enteric neuron number. METHODS Dissected adult zebrafish intestines were immunostained in wholemount, optically cleared with refractive index-matched solution, and then imaged in tiles using light-sheet microscopy. Imaging software was used to stitch the tiles, and the full image underwent automated cell counting. Total enteric neuron number was assessed in relation to intestinal length using linear regression modeling. KEY RESULTS Whole gut imaging of the adult zebrafish intestine permits the visualization of endogenous and immunohistochemistry-derived fluorescence throughout the intestine. While enteric neuron distribution is heterogeneous between intestinal segments, total enteric neuron number positively correlates with intestinal length. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Imaging of all enteric neurons within the adult vertebrate intestine is possible in models such as the zebrafish. In this study, we apply this to demonstrate a positive correlation between enteric neuron number and intestinal length. Quantifying total enteric numbers will facilitate future studies of enteric neuropathies and ENS structure in animal models and potentially in biopsied tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael N. El-Nachef
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Claire Hu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Marianne E. Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology
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15
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Mohamed Nafis NB, Himdi M, A Rahim MK, Ayop O, Dewan R. Optically Transparent Tri-Wideband Mosaic Frequency Selective Surface with Low Cross-Polarisation. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15020622. [PMID: 35057336 PMCID: PMC8779098 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring an optically transparent feature on the wideband frequency selective surface (FSS), particularly for smart city applications (building window and transportation services) and vehicle windows, is a challenging task. Hence, this study assessed the performance of optically transparent mosaic frequency selective surfaces (MFSS) with a conductive metallic element unit cell that integrated Koch fractal and double hexagonal loop fabricated on a polycarbonate substrate. The opaque and transparent features of the MFSS were studied. While the study on opaque MFSS revealed the advantage of having wideband responses, the study on transparent MFSS was performed to determine the optical transparency application with wideband feature. To comprehend the MFSS design, the evolutionary influence of the unit cell on the performance of MFSS was investigated and discussed thoroughly in this paper. Both the opaque and transparent MFSS yielded wideband bandstop and bandpass responses with low cross-polarisation (−37 dB), whereas the angular stability was limited to only 25°. The transparent MFSS displayed high-level transparency exceeding 70%. Both the simulated and measured performance comparison exhibited good correlation for both opaque and transparent MFSS. The proposed transparent MFSS with wideband frequency response and low cross-polarisation features signified a promising filtering potential in multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Biha Mohamed Nafis
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (N.B.M.N.); (M.K.A.R.); (O.A.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Himdi
- Institut d’Electronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamad Kamal A Rahim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (N.B.M.N.); (M.K.A.R.); (O.A.)
| | - Osman Ayop
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (N.B.M.N.); (M.K.A.R.); (O.A.)
| | - Raimi Dewan
- Advanced Diagnostics and Progressive Human Care, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
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16
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Díez-Pascual AM. Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)/SnO 2 Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2445. [PMID: 34372048 PMCID: PMC8348352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used for practical applications such as energy conversion and storage devices owing to its good flexibility, processability, high electrical conductivity, and superior optical transparency, among others. However, its hygroscopic character, short durability, and poor thermoelectric performance compared to inorganic counterparts has greatly limited its high-tech applications. In this work, PEDOT:PSS/SnO2 nanocomposites have been prepared via a simple, low cost, environmentally friendly method without the use of organic solvents or compatibilizing agents. Their morphology, thermal, thermoelectrical, optical, and mechanical properties have been characterized. Electron microscopy analysis revealed a uniform dispersion of the SnO2 nanoparticles, and the Raman spectra revealed the existence of very strong SnO2-PEDOT:PSS interactions. The stiffness and strength of the matrix gradually increased with increasing SnO2 content, up to 120% and 65%, respectively. Moreover, the nanocomposites showed superior thermal stability (as far as 70 °C), improved electrical conductivity (up to 140%), and higher Seebeck coefficient (about 80% increase) than neat PEDOT:PSS. On the other hand, hardly any change in optical transparency was observed. These sustainable nanocomposites show considerably improved performance compared to commercial PEDOT:PSS, and can be highly useful for applications in energy storage, flexible electronics, thermoelectric devices, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)
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17
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Park Y, Byun H, Lee JH. Highly Stretchable and Transparent Optical Adhesive Films Using Hierarchically Structured Rigid-Flexible Dual-Stiffness Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1493-1502. [PMID: 33382572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for new forms of flexible electronic devices has led to the evolution of individual components comprising optical adhesive films that provide excellent optical transparency and high bonding strength while offering remarkable elasticity with high strain and recovery properties. Herein, a new type of highly elastic and transparent adhesive film is proposed using tailored rigid-flexible dual-stiffness nanoparticles (DSNs) composed of a rigid inorganic core and an elastic reactive coil shell. The hierarchically structured nanoparticles were prepared from SiO2 nanoparticles via the sequential surface modification with photoreactive flexible chains. The fabricated elastic adhesive film containing DSNs with an average diameter of 20 nm showed a high optical transmittance of 92% and adhesion strength of 19.9 N/25 mm. Increasing the content of the tailored nanoparticles in the adhesive film improved the elastic properties of the film such as elastic modulus (7.0 kPa), stress relaxation ratio (18.4%), and strain recovery rate (73.6%) due to the efficient elastic motion of the embedded DSNs. In addition, as the surface grafting density of elastic coil groups in the nanoparticle increased, a stronger bonding network was formed between the nanoparticles and the acrylic polymer matrix, thereby further improving the stress relaxation ratio (18.0%) and strain recovery rate (77.1%) of the optical film. Thus, the utilization of novel dual-stiffness nanoparticles produces optical adhesive films with high elasticity and optical transparency that are capable of withstanding external forces such as folding and stretching, which is essential for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoongook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyun Byun
- Module Research Team, Samsung Display, Yongin 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
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18
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Foo RQ, Ahmad S, Lai KS, Idrus Z, Yusoff K, Liang JB. Palm Kernel Cake Oligosaccharides Acute Toxicity and Effects on Nitric Oxide Levels Using a Zebrafish Larvae Model. Front Physiol 2020; 11:555122. [PMID: 33071816 PMCID: PMC7541901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.555122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the beneficial effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) is their anti-inflammatory effects on host animals. While conventional animal studies require that analysis be done after samples have been taken from the host, zebrafish larvae are optically transparent upon hatching and this provides an opportunity for observations to be made within the living zebrafish larvae. This study aimed to take advantage of the optical transparency of zebrafish larvae to study the nitric oxide (NO) reducing effects of NDOs through the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella enterica serovar (ser.) Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) to induce cardiac NO production. Prior to running the above experiment, an acute toxicity assay was conducted in order to determine the appropriate concentration of oligosaccharides to be used. The oligosaccharides tested consisted of oligosaccharides which were extracted from palm kernel cake with a degree of polymerization (DP) equal to or less than six (OligoPKC), commercial mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and commercial fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Acute toxicity test results revealed that the OligoPKC has a LC50 of 488.1 μg/ml while both MOS and FOS were non-toxic up to 1,000 μg/ml. Results of the in vivo NO measurements revealed that all three NDOs were capable of significantly reducing NO levels in LPS stimulated zebrafish embryos. In summary, at 250 μg/ml, OligoPKC was comparable to MOS and better than FOS at lowering NO in LPS induced zebrafish larvae. However, at higher doses, OligoPKC appears toxic to zebrafish larvae. This implies that the therapeutic potential of OligoPKC is limited by its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qing Foo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Sano K, Kuttassery F, Shimada T, Ishida T, Takagi S, Ohtani B, Yamakata A, Honma T, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Optically Transparent Colloidal Dispersion of Titania Nanoparticles Storable for Longer than One Year Prepared by Sol/Gel Progressive Hydrolysis/Condensation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:44743-44753. [PMID: 32915534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The molecular catalyst sensitized system (MCSS), where an excited molecular catalyst adsorbed on a semiconductor such as TiO2 injects electrons to the conduction band of the semiconductor leading to hydrogen evolution/CO2 reduction coupled with an oxidation of water on the molecular catalyst, has been one of the most probable candidates in the approach to artificial photosynthesis. For a full utilization of visible light, however, a serious light scattering of the aqueous suspension of TiO2 in the visible region, which is generally experienced, should be avoided. Here, we report a preparation of optically transparent colloidal dispersion of TiO2 by the sol/gel reaction of TiCl4 through progressive hydrolysis/condensation under the basic condition without any calcination processes. The TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2(NPs)) obtained were characterized as an amorphous particle (∼10-15 nm) having a microcrystal domain of anatase within several nm by XRD, Raman spectroscopies, XRF, XAFS, TG/DTA, and HRTEM, respectively. The energy-resolved distribution of carrier electron traps in TiO2(NPs) as a fingerprint of TiO2 was characterized through reversed double-beam photo-acoustic spectroscopy to have a close similarity to that of TiO2(ST-01) as well as the observation of carrier traps by transient absorption spectroscopy. Though the powder TiO2(NP) itself was not dispersed well in aqueous solution, the wet TiO2(NPs) as prepared before being dried up provided a completely transparent aqueous dispersion under the acidic condition (1 M HCl). Addition of methanol enabled the colloidal dispersion (TiO2(NPs, MeOH/H2O, 0.1 M HCl)) to keep the optical transparency for longer than 1 year (550 days), which is the first example of TiO2 dispersion storable for such a long period. TiO2(NPs, MeOH/H2O) exhibited a moderate photocatalytic reactivity of H2 evolution with a quantum yield of ∼2.6% upon 365 nm light irradiation. An optically transparent thin film of TiO2(NPs, MeOH/H2O) was also successfully prepared on a glass plate to exhibit an enhanced hydrophilicity upon UV light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keito Sano
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimada
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tamao Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Takagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Bunsho Ohtani
- Institute for catalysis Hokkaido University, North 21, West 10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1, Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Honma
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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20
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Vivod SL, Meador MAB, Pugh C, Wilkosz M, Calomino K, McCorkle L. Toward Improved Optical Transparency of Polyimide Aerogels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:8622-8633. [PMID: 31984724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly translucent polyimide aerogels were prepared by combining equimolar amounts of pyromellitic dianhydride, 4,4'-hexafluoroisopropylidene di(phthalic anhydride) (6FDA), and 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine and cross-linking with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride. A multivariable statistical design of experiments was used to perform a comparison study between three variables used to fabricate the aerogels: formulated repeat unit (n) of polyimide oligomers, 6FDA fraction of total dianhydride (0-50 mol %), and total polymer concentration in solution (7-10 wt %). Polymers with 25 mol % 6FDA in the backbone structure were found to produce polyimide aerogels with high optical transmission and low haze. These aerogels also possessed higher surface areas and very narrow nanoscale pore size distribution. Because of the decreased thermal conductivity with increasing amount of 6FDA in the backbone, these aerogels may find use where the combination of high optical transparency and thermal impedance is desired, such as insulated window panes. To this end, future efforts will focus on reducing the yellow color of the polyimide aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Vivod
- NASA Glenn Research Center , 21000 Brookpark Road , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
| | - Mary Ann B Meador
- NASA Glenn Research Center , 21000 Brookpark Road , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
| | - Coleen Pugh
- Department of Polymer Science, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325-3909 , United States
| | - Melissa Wilkosz
- NASA Glenn Research Center , 21000 Brookpark Road , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
| | - Kerah Calomino
- NASA Glenn Research Center , 21000 Brookpark Road , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
| | - Linda McCorkle
- Ohio Aerospace Institute , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
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Shin HI, Chang JH. Transparent Polyimide/Organoclay Nanocomposite Films Containing Different Diamine Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010135. [PMID: 31935847 PMCID: PMC7022304 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (amic acid) s (PAAs) were synthesized using 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropyl-idene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and two types of diamines—bis(3-aminophenyl) sulfone (BAS) and bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (BAS-OH). Two series of transparent polyimide (PI) hybrid films were synthesized by solution intercalation polymerization and thermal imidization using various concentrations (from 0 to 1 wt%) of organically modified clay Cloisite 30B in PAA solution. The thermo-mechanical properties, morphology, and optical transparency of the hybrid films were observed. The transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) results showed that some of the clays were agglomerated, but most of them showed dispersed nanoscale clay. The effects of -OH groups on the properties of the two PI hybrids synthesized using BAS and BAS-OH monomers were compared. The BAS PI hybrids were superior to the BAS-OH PI hybrids in terms of thermal stability and optical transparency, but the BAS-OH PI hybrids exhibited higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) and mechanical properties. Analysis of the thermal properties and tensile strength showed that the highest critical concentration of organoclay was 0.50 wt%.
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Abstract
Materials for biodevices and bioimplants commonly suffer from unwanted but unavoidable biofouling problems due to the nonspecific adhesion of proteins, cells, or bacteria. Chemical coating or physical strategies for reducing biofouling have been pursued, yet highly robust antibiofouling surfaces that can persistently resist contamination in biological environments are still lacking. In this study, we developed a facile method to fabricate a highly robust slippery and antibiofouling surface by conjugating a liquid-like polymer layer to a substrate. This slippery liquid-attached (SLA) surface was created via a one-step equilibration reaction by tethering methoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OCH3) polymer brushes onto a substrate to form a transparent "liquid-like" layer. The SLA surface exhibited excellent sliding behaviors toward a wide range of liquids and small particles and antibiofouling properties against the long-term adhesion of small biomolecules, proteins, cells, and bacteria. Moreover, in contrast to superomniphobic surfaces and liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) requiring micro/nanostructures, the SLA layer could be obtained on smooth surfaces and maintain its biofouling resistance under abrasion with persistent stability. Our study offers a simple method to functionalize surfaces with robust slippery and antibiofouling properties, which is promising for potential applications including medical implants and biodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chengduan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Linxian Li
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Lan Z, Li C, Yu Y, Wei J. Colorless Semi-Alicyclic Copolyimides with High Thermal Stability and Solubility. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081319. [PMID: 31394813 PMCID: PMC6723692 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of colorless copolyimide films with high thermal stability and good solubility are synthesized from (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (TFMB) with different 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA) to 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane (6FDA) dianhydride mole ratios through one-pot solution polycondensation. These copolyimide films exhibit excellent optical transparency (T400 > 90% and λ0 ~305–333 nm) with a thickness of 15 μm and good solubility in most organic solvents. The excellent optical properties are mainly attributed to the low inter- and intra-molecular charge transfer interactions due to the alicyclic structure and the strong electronegative CF3 groups. The glass transition temperature increases from 332 to 352 °C with increasing HPMDA content in the copolymers, while the thermal decomposition temperature is improved with increasing 6FDA content. These results indicate that the copolyimide films can be successfully utilized in the development of novel heat-resistant plastic substrates for the optoelectronic engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Lan
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Lan Z, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhu C, Yu Y, Wei J. Transparent, High Glass-Transition Temperature, Shape Memory Hybrid Polyimides Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1058. [PMID: 31216710 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically transparent polyimides with excellent thermal stability and shape memory effect have potential applications in optoelectronic devices and aerospace industries. A series of optically transparent shape memory polyimide hybrid films are synthesized from 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2′-bis-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TFMB) with various polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) contents and then subjected to thermal imidization. The hybrid films show good optical transparency (>80% at 400 nm and >95% at 500 nm) with cutoff wavelengths ranging from 318 to 336 nm. Following the incorporation of the inorganic POSS structure, the hybrid films exhibit excellent thermal stability with glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from 351 to 372 °C. The hybrid films possess the highest Tg compared with the previously-reported shape memory polymers. These findings show that POSS is successfully utilized to develop transparent polyimides with excellent thermal stability and shape memory effect.
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Deng R, Li M, Muneer B, Zhu Q, Shi Z, Song L, Zhang T. Theoretical Analysis and Design of Ultrathin Broadband Optically Transparent Microwave Metamaterial Absorbers. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11010107. [PMID: 29324686 PMCID: PMC5793605 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optically Transparent Microwave Metamaterial Absorber (OTMMA) is of significant use in both civil and military field. In this paper, equivalent circuit model is adopted as springboard to navigate the design of OTMMA. The physical model and absorption mechanisms of ideal lightweight ultrathin OTMMA are comprehensively researched. Both the theoretical value of equivalent resistance and the quantitative relation between the equivalent inductance and equivalent capacitance are derived for design. Frequency-dependent characteristics of theoretical equivalent resistance are also investigated. Based on these theoretical works, an effective and controllable design approach is proposed. To validate the approach, a wideband OTMMA is designed, fabricated, analyzed and tested. The results reveal that high absorption more than 90% can be achieved in the whole 6~18 GHz band. The fabricated OTMMA also has an optical transparency up to 78% at 600 nm and is much thinner and lighter than its counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), Shanghai 200050, China.
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Badar Muneer
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
- Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 72062, Pakistan.
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Zaiying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), Shanghai 200050, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), Shanghai 200050, China.
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Song N, Cui S, Hou X, Ding P, Shi L. Significant Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity in Nanofibrillated Cellulose Films with Low Mass Fraction of Nanodiamond. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:40766-40773. [PMID: 29125740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High thermal conductive nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hybrid films based on nanodiamond (ND) were fabricated by a facile vacuum filtration technique. In this issue, the thermal conductivity (TC) on the in-plane direction of the NFC/ND hybrid film had a significant enhancement of 775.2% at a comparatively low ND content (0.5 wt %). The NFC not only helps ND to disperse in the aqueous medium stably but also plays a positive role in the formation of the hierarchical structure. ND could form a thermal conductive pathway in the hierarchical structures under the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the hybrid films composed of zero-dimensional ND and one-dimensional NFC exhibit remarkable mechanical properties and optical transparency. The NFC/ND hybrid films possessing superior TC, mechanical properties, and optical transparency can open applications for portable electronic equipment as a lateral heat spreader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Siqi Cui
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xingshuang Hou
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Peng Ding
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Liyi Shi
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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Hasegawa M. Development of Solution-Processable, Optically Transparent Polyimides with Ultra-Low Linear Coefficients of Thermal Expansion. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E520. [PMID: 30965827 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the development of new high-temperature polymeric materials applicable to plastic substrates in image display devices with a focus on our previous results. Novel solution-processable colorless polyimides (PIs) with ultra-low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) are proposed in this paper. First, the principles of the coloration of PI films are briefly discussed, including the influence of the processing conditions on the film coloration, as well as the chemical and physical factors dominating the low CTE characteristics of the resultant PI films to clarify the challenges in simultaneously achieving excellent optical transparency, a very high Tg, a very low CTE, and excellent film toughness. A possible approach of achieving these target properties is to use semi-cycloaliphatic PI systems consisting of linear chain structures. However, semi-cycloaliphatic PIs obtained using cycloaliphatic diamines suffer various problems during precursor polymerization, cyclodehydration (imidization), and film preparation. In particular, when using trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine (t-CHDA) as the cycloaliphatic diamine, a serious problem emerges: salt formation in the initial stages of the precursor polymerization, which terminates the polymerization in some cases or significantly extends the reaction period. The system derived from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA) and t-CHDA can be polymerized by a controlled heating method and leads to a PI film with relatively good properties, i.e., excellent light transmittance at 400 nm (T400 = ~80%), a high Tg (>300 °C), and a very low CTE (10 ppm·K−1). However, this PI film is somewhat brittle (the maximum elongation at break, εb max is about 10%). On the other hand, the combination of cycloaliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and aromatic diamines does not result in salt formation. The steric structures of cycloaliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides significantly influence the polymerizability with aromatic diamines and the CTE values of the resultant PI films. For three isomers of hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride, the steric structure effect on the polymerizability and the properties of the PI films is discussed. 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) is a very unusual cycloaliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride that is suitable for reducing the CTE. For example, the PI system derived from CBDA and 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) yields a colorless PI film with a relatively low CTE (21 ppm·K−1). However, this PI is insoluble in common organic solvents, which means that it is neither solution-processable nor compatible with the chemical imidization process; furthermore, the film is somewhat brittle (εb < 10%). In addition, the effect of the film preparation route on the film properties is shown to be significant. Films prepared via chemical imidization always have higher optical transparency and lower CTE values than those prepared via the conventional two-step process (i.e., precursor casting and successive thermal imidization). These results suggest that compatibility with the chemical imidization process is the key for achieving our goal. To dramatically improve the solubility in the CBDA-based PI systems, a novel amide-containing aromatic diamine (AB-TFMB), which possesses the structural features of TFMB and 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide (DABA), is proposed. The CBDA(70);6FDA(30)/AB-TFMB copolymer has an ultra-low CTE (7.3 ppm·K−1), excellent optical transparency (T400 = 80.6%, yellowness index (YI) = 2.5, and haze = 1.5%), a very high Tg (329 °C), sufficient ductility (εb max > 30%), and good solution-processability. Therefore, this copolymer is a promising candidate for use as a novel coating-type plastic substrate material. This paper also discusses how the target properties can be achieved without the help of cycloaliphatic monomers. Thus, elaborate molecular design allows the preparation of highly transparent and low-CTE aromatic poly(amide imide) and poly(ester imide) systems.
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Ma L, Lu Z, Tan J, Liu J, Ding X, Black N, Li T, Gallop J, Hao L. Transparent Conducting Graphene Hybrid Films To Improve Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding Performance of Graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:34221-34229. [PMID: 28892351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting graphene-based hybrids have attracted considerable attention in recent years for their scientific and technological significance in many applications. In this work, conductive graphene hybrid films, consisting of a metallic network fully encapsulated between monolayer graphene and quartz-glass substrate, were fabricated and characterized for their electromagnetic interference shielding capabilities. Experimental results show that by integration with a metallic network the sheet resistance of graphene was significantly suppressed from 813.27 to 5.53 Ω/sq with an optical transmittance at 91%. Consequently, the microwave shielding effectiveness (SE) exceeded 23.60 dB at the Ku-band and 13.48 dB at the Ka-band. The maximum SE value was 28.91 dB at 12 GHz. Compared with the SE of pristine monolayer graphene (3.46 dB), the SE of graphene hybrid film was enhanced by 25.45 dB (99.7% energy attenuation). At 94% optical transmittance, the sheet resistance was 20.67 Ω/sq and the maximum SE value was 20.86 dB at 12 GHz. Our results show that hybrid graphene films incorporate both high conductivity and superior electromagnetic shielding comparable to existing ITO shielding modalities. The combination of high conductivity and shielding along with the materials' earth-abundant nature, and facile large-scale fabrication, make these graphene hybrid films highly attractive for transparent EMI shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- Ultra-Precision Optical and Electronic Instrument Engineering Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengang Lu
- Ultra-Precision Optical and Electronic Instrument Engineering Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiubin Tan
- Ultra-Precision Optical and Electronic Instrument Engineering Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Ultra-Precision Optical and Electronic Instrument Engineering Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Ultra-Precision Optical and Electronic Instrument Engineering Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicola Black
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Tianyi Li
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - John Gallop
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Hao
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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Yao J, Wang C, Tian C, Zhao X, Zhou H, Wang D, Chen C. Highly optical transparency and thermally stable polyimides containing pyridine and phenyl pendant. Des Monomers Polym 2017; 20:449-457. [PMID: 29491816 PMCID: PMC5784878 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2017.1351766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain highly optical transparency polyimides, two novel aromatic diamine monomers containing pyridine and kinky structures, 1,1-bis[4-(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]diphenylmethane (BAPDBP) and 1,1-bis[4-(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]-1-phenylethane (BAPDAP), were designed and synthesized. Polyimides based on BAPDBP, BAPDAP, 2,2-bis[4-(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPDP) with various commercial dianhydrides were prepared for comparison and structure-property relationships study. The structures of the polyimides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, wide-angle X-ray diffractograms (XRD) and elemental analysis. Film properties including solubility, optical transparency, water uptake, thermal and mechanical properties were also evaluated. The introduction of pyridine and kinky structure into the backbones that polyimides presented good optical properties with 91-97% transparent at 500 nm and a low cut-off wavelength at 353-398 nm. Moreover, phenyl pendant groups of the polyimides showed high glass transition temperatures (Tg ) in the range of 257-281 °C. These results suggest that the incorporating pyridine, kinky and bulky substituents to polymer backbone can improve the optical transparency effectively without sacrificing the thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Yao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chengshuo Tian
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Daming Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Morteza Najarian A, Szeto B, Tefashe UM, McCreery RL. Robust All-Carbon Molecular Junctions on Flexible or Semi-Transparent Substrates Using "Process-Friendly" Fabrication. ACS Nano 2016; 10:8918-8928. [PMID: 27529117 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Large area molecular junctions were fabricated on electron-beam deposited carbon (eC) surfaces with molecular layers in the range of 2-5.5 nm between conducting, amorphous carbon contacts. Incorporating eC as an interconnect between Au and the molecular layer improves substrate roughness, prevents electromigration and uses well-known electrochemistry to form a covalent C-C bond to the molecular layer. Au/eC/anthraquinone/eC/Au junctions were fabricated on Si/SiOx with high yield and reproducibility and were unchanged by 10(7) current-voltage cycles and temperatures between 80 and 450 K. Au/eC/AQ/eC/Au devices fabricated on plastic films were unchanged by 10(7) current density vs bias voltage (J-V) cycles and repeated bending of the entire assembled junction. The low sheet resistance of Au/eC substrates permitted junctions with sufficiently transparent electrodes to conduct Raman or UV-vis absorption spectroscopy in either reflection or transmission geometries. Lithographic patterning of Au/eC substrates permitted wafer-scale integration yielding 500 devices on 20 chips on a 100 mm diameter wafer. Collectively, eC on Au provides a platform for fabrication and operation of chemically stable, optically and electrically functional molecules on rigid or flexible materials. The relative ease of processing and the robustness of molecular junctions incorporating eC layers should help address the challenge of economic fabrication of practical, flexible molecular junctions for a potentially wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Morteza Najarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bryan Szeto
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ushula M Tefashe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Richard L McCreery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Kang MH, Prieto López LO, Chen B, Teo K, Williams JA, Milne WI, Cole MT. Mechanical Robustness of Graphene on Flexible Transparent Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:22506-22515. [PMID: 27482734 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a facile and widely applicable method of transferring chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene uniformly onto optically transparent and mechanically flexible substrates using commercially available, low-cost ultraviolet adhesive (UVA) and hot-press lamination (HPL). We report on the adhesion potential between the graphene and the substrate, and we compare these findings with those of the more commonly used cast polymer handler transfer processes. Graphene transferred with the two proposed methods showed lower surface energy and displayed a higher degree of adhesion (UVA: 4.40 ± 1.09 N/m, HPL: 0.60 ± 0.26 N/m) compared to equivalent CVD-graphene transferred using conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA: 0.44 ± 0.06 N/m). The mechanical robustness of the transferred graphene was investigated by measuring the differential resistance as a function of bend angle and repeated bend-relax cycles across a range of bend radii. At a bend angle of 100° and a 2.5 mm bend radius, for both transfer techniques, the normalized resistance of graphene transferred on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was around 80 times less than that of indium-tin oxide on PET. After 10(4) bend cycles, the resistance of the transferred graphene on PET using UVA and HPL was found to be, on average, around 25.5 and 8.1% higher than that of PMMA-transferred graphene, indicating that UVA- and HPL-transferred graphene are more strongly adhered compared to PMMA-transferred graphene. The robustness, in terms of maintained electrical performance upon mechanical fatigue, of the transferred graphene was around 60 times improved over ITO/PET upon many thousands of repeated bending stress cycles. On the basis of present production methods, the development of the next-generation of highly conformal, diverse form factor electronics, exploiting the emerging family of two-dimensional materials, necessitates the development of simple, low-cost, and mechanically robust transfer processes; the developed UVA and HPL approaches show significant potential and allow for large-area-compatible, near-room temperature transfer of graphene onto a diverse range of polymeric supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon H Kang
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 9 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Lizbeth O Prieto López
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
- Mechanics, Materials & Design Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bingan Chen
- Aixtron , Buckingham Business Park, Swavesey CB24 4FQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Teo
- Aixtron , Buckingham Business Park, Swavesey CB24 4FQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Williams
- Mechanics, Materials & Design Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - William I Milne
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 9 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- Aixtron , Buckingham Business Park, Swavesey CB24 4FQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T Cole
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 9 J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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Oh JK, Lu X, Min Y, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Akbulut M. Bacterially Antiadhesive, Optically Transparent Surfaces Inspired from Rice Leaves. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:19274-19281. [PMID: 26237234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Because of the growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance strains, there is an increasing need to develop material surfaces that prevent bacterial attachment and contamination in the absence of antibiotic agents. Herein, we present bacterial antiadhesive materials inspired from rice leaves. "Rice leaf-like surfaces" (RLLS) were fabricated by a templateless, self-masking reactive-ion etching approach. Bacterial attachment on RLLS was characterized under both static and dynamic conditions using Gram-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. RLLS surfaces showed exceptional bacterial antiadhesion properties with a >99.9% adhesion inhibition efficiency. Furthermore, the optical properties of RLLS were investigated using UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometry. In contrast to most other bacterial antiadhesive surfaces, RLLS demonstrated optical-grade transparency (i.e., ≥92% transmission). We anticipate that the combination of bacterial antiadhesion efficiency, optical grade transparency, and the convenient single-step method of preparation makes RLLS a very attractive candidate for the surfaces of biosensors; endoscopes; and microfluidic, bio-optical, lab-on-a-chip, and touchscreen devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyun Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Younjin Min
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mustafa Akbulut
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Kim TH, Ha SH, Jang NS, Kim J, Kim JH, Park JK, Lee DW, Lee J, Kim SH, Kim JM. Simple and cost-effective fabrication of highly flexible, transparent superhydrophobic films with hierarchical surface design. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:5289-5295. [PMID: 25688451 DOI: 10.1021/am5086066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical transparency and mechanical flexibility are both of great importance for significantly expanding the applicability of superhydrophobic surfaces. Such features make it possible for functional surfaces to be applied to various glass-based products with different curvatures. In this work, we report on the simple and potentially cost-effective fabrication of highly flexible and transparent superhydrophobic films based on hierarchical surface design. The hierarchical surface morphology was easily fabricated by the simple transfer of a porous alumina membrane to the top surface of UV-imprinted polymeric micropillar arrays and subsequent chemical treatments. Through optimization of the hierarchical surface design, the resultant superhydrophobic films showed superior surface wetting properties (with a static contact angle of >170° and contact angle hysteresis of <3.5°) in the Cassie-Baxter wetting regime, considerable dynamic water repellency (with perfect bouncing of a water droplet dropped from an impact height of 30 mm), and good optical transparency (>82% at 550 nm wavelength). The superhydrophobic films were also experimentally found to be robust without significant degradation in the superhydrophobicity, even under repetitive bending and pressing for up to 2000 cycles. Finally, the practical usability of the proposed superhydorphobic films was clearly demonstrated by examining the antiwetting performance in real time while pouring water on the film and submerging the film in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division, and ‡Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Raji ARO, Salters S, Samuel ELG, Zhu Y, Volman V, Tour JM. Functionalized graphene nanoribbon films as a radiofrequency and optically transparent material. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:16661-16668. [PMID: 25188912 DOI: 10.1021/am503478w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report that conductive films made from hexadecylated graphene nanoribbons (HD-GNRs) can have high transparency to radiofrequency (RF) waves even at very high incident power density. Nanoscale-thick HD-GNR films with an area of several square centimeters were found to transmit up to 390 W (2 × 10(5) W/m(2)) of RF power with negligible loss, at an RF transmittance of ∼99%. The HD-GNR films conformed to electromagnetic skin depth theory, which effectively accounts for the RF transmission. The HD-GNR films also exhibited sufficient optical transparency for tinted glass applications, with efficient voltage-induced deicing of surfaces. The dispersion of the HD-GNRs afforded by their edge functionalization enables spray-, spin-, or blade-coating on almost any substrate, thus facilitating flexible, conformal, and large-scale film production. In addition to use in antennas and radomes where RF transparency is crucial, these capabilities bode well for the use of the HD-GNR films in automotive and general glass applications where both optical and RF transparencies are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rahman O Raji
- Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, #Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Ramesh S, Sivasamy A, Kim JH. Synthesis and characterization of maleimide-functionalized polystyrene-SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites by sol-gel process. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:350. [PMID: 22738226 PMCID: PMC3507763 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Maleimide-functionalized polystyrene (PSMA-SiO2/TiO2) hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by sol-gel reaction starting from tratraethoxysilane (TEOS) and titanium isopropoxide in the solution of polystyrene maleimide in 1,4-dioxane. The hybrid films were obtained by the hydrolysis and polycondensation of TEOS and titanium isopropoxide in maleimide-functionalized polystyrene solution followed by the Michael addition reaction. The transparency of polymer (PSMA-SiO2/TiO2) hybrid was prepared from polystyrene titanium isopropoxide using the γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane as crosslinking agent by in situ sol-gel process via covalent bonding between the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites. The maleimide-functionalized polystyrene was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction from N-choloromethyl maleimide. The FTIR spectroscopy data conformed the occurrence of Michael addition reaction between the pendant maleimide moieties of the styrene and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The chemical structure and morphology of PSMA-SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, SEM, XRD, and TEM analyses. The results also indicate that the inorganic particles are much smaller in the ternary systems than in the binary systems; the shape of the inorganic particles and compatibility for maleimide-functionalized polystrene and inorganic moieties are varied with the ratio of the inorganic moieties in the hybrids. Furthermore, TGA and DSC results indicate that the thermal stability of maleimide-functionalized polystyrene was enhanced through the incorporation of the inorganic moieties in the hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivalingam Ramesh
- Lab of Nano-micro Device, Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
| | - Arumugam Sivasamy
- Chemical Engineering Area, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Joo-Hyung Kim
- Lab of Nano-micro Device, Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
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