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Shahrokhi R, Rahman A, Hubbe MA, Park J. Aminated clay-polymer composite as soil amendment for stabilizing the short- and long-chain per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in contaminated soil. J Hazard Mater 2024; 472:134470. [PMID: 38714051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) require immediate remediation to protect the surrounding environment and human health. A novel animated clay-polymer composite was developed by applying polyethyleneimine (PEI) solution onto a montmorillonite clay-chitosan polymer composite. The resulting product, PEI-modified montmorillonite chitosan beads (MMTCBs) were characterized as an adsorptive soil amendment for immobilizing PFAS contaminants. The MMTCBs exhibited good efficiency to adsorb the PFAS, showing adsorption capacities of 12.2, 16.7, 18.5, and 20.8 mg g-1 for PFBA, PFBS, PFOA, and PFOS, respectively, which were higher than those obtained by granular activated carbon (GAC) (i.e., an adsorbent used as a reference). Column leaching tests demonstrated that amending soil with 10% MMTCBs resulted in a substantial decrease in the leaching of PFOA, PFOS, PFBA, and PFBS by 90%, 100%, 64%, and 68%, respectively. These reductions were comparable to the values obtained for GAC-modified soil, particularly for long-chain PFAS. Incorporating MMTCBs into the soil not only preserved the structural integrity of the soil matrix but also enhanced its shear strength (kPa). Conversely, adding GAC to the soil resulted in a reduction of the soil's mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Shahrokhi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Aneesu Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, NC, United States
| | - Junboum Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Barrios N, Marquez R, McDonald JD, Hubbe MA, Venditti RA, Pal L. Innovation in lignocellulosics dewatering and drying for energy sustainability and enhanced utilization of forestry, agriculture, and marine resources - A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102936. [PMID: 37331091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of forestry, agriculture, and marine resources in various manufacturing sectors requires optimizing fiber transformation, dewatering, and drying energy consumption. These processes play a crucial role in reducing the carbon footprint and boosting sustainability within the circular bioeconomy framework. Despite efforts made in the paper industry to enhance productivity while conserving resources and energy through lower grammage and higher machine speeds, reducing thermal energy consumption during papermaking remains a significant challenge. A key approach to address this challenge lies in increasing dewatering of the fiber web before entering the dryer section of the paper machine. Similarly, the production of high-value-added products derived from alternative lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as nanocellulose and microalgae, requires advanced dewatering techniques for techno-economic viability. This critical and systematic review aims to comprehensively explore the intricate interactions between water and lignocellulosic surfaces, as well as the leading technologies used to enhance dewatering and drying. Recent developments in technologies to reduce water content during papermaking, and advanced dewatering techniques for nanocellulosic and microalgal feedstocks are addressed. Existing research highlights several fundamental and technical challenges spanning from the nano- to macroscopic scales that must be addressed to make lignocellulosics a suitable feedstock option for industry. By identifying alternative strategies to improve water removal, this review intends to accelerate the widespread adoption of lignocellulosics as feasible manufacturing feedstocks. Moreover, this review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of the interactions, associations, and bonding mechanisms between water and cellulose fibers, nanocellulosic materials, and microalgal feedstocks. The findings of this review shed light on critical research directions necessary for advancing the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic resources and accelerating the transition towards sustainable manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Barrios
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Ronald Marquez
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA; Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
| | | | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Richard A Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA.
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Lu Y, Liu C, Mei C, Sun J, Lee J, Wu Q, Hubbe MA, Li MC. Recent advances in metal organic framework and cellulose nanomaterial composites. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tyagi P, Salem KS, Hubbe MA, Pal L. Advances in barrier coatings and film technologies for achieving sustainable packaging of food products – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ma Q, Lu X, Wang W, Hubbe MA, Liu Y, Mu J, Wang J, Sun J, Rojas OJ. Recent developments in colorimetric and optical indicators stimulated by volatile base nitrogen to monitor seafood freshness. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li MC, Wu Q, Moon RJ, Hubbe MA, Bortner MJ. Rheological Aspects of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Governing Factors and Emerging Applications. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2006052. [PMID: 33870553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), mainly including nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), have attained enormous interest due to their sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, facile modification of surface chemistry, as well as unique optical, mechanical, and rheological performance. One of the most fascinating properties of CNMs is their aqueous suspension rheology, i.e., CNMs helping create viscous suspensions with the formation of percolation networks and chemical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, and hydrophobic attraction). Under continuous shearing, CNMs in an aqueous suspension can align along the flow direction, producing shear-thinning behavior. At rest, CNM suspensions regain some of their initial structure immediately, allowing rapid recovery of rheological properties. These unique flow features enable CNMs to serve as rheological modifiers in a wide range of fluid-based applications. Herein, the dependence of the rheology of CNM suspensions on test protocols, CNM inherent properties, suspension environments, and postprocessing is systematically described. A critical overview of the recent progress on fluid applications of CNMs as rheology modifiers in some emerging industrial sectors is presented as well. Future perspectives in the field are outlined to guide further research and development in using CNMs as the next generation rheological modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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Dal AEB, Hubbe MA, Pal L, Gule ME. Crude Wood Rosin and Its Derivatives as Hydrophobic Surface Treatment Additives for Paper and Packaging. ACS Omega 2020; 5:31559-31566. [PMID: 33344808 PMCID: PMC7745214 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to obtain better water resistance properties with additives to starch at the size press. A further goal is to replace petroleum-based additives with environmentally friendly hydrophobic agents obtained by derivatization of wood rosin. A crude wood rosin (CWR) sample was methylated and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methyl abietate, dehydroabietic acid, and abietic acid were the main constituents of the sample. The crude wood rosin samples were fortified with fumaric acid and then esterified with pentaerythritol. Fortified and esterified wood rosin samples were dissolved in ethanol and emulsified with cationic starch to make them suitable as hydrophobic additives for surface treatment formulations in mixtures with starch. These hydrophobic agents (2% on a dry weight basis in a cationic starch solution) were applied to paperboard, bleached kraft paper, and test liner paper using a rod coater with a target pickup of 3-5 gsm. The solution pickup was controlled by varying the rod number. The amounts of hydrophobic material applied in the preparation of the paper samples were 32.2, 48.6, and 35.1 lb/ton pickup compared to three types of base papers. Basic surface features of fortified and fortified and esterified rosin-treated paper were compared with base paper and paper treated with starch alone. Lower Cobb60 values were obtained for fortified and esterified samples than for linerboard samples that had been surface-sized just by starch. Thus, as novel hydrophobic additive agents, derivatives of CWR can be a green way to increase hydrophobicity while reducing starch consumption in papermaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsen Ezel Bildik Dal
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Products Chemistry and Technology, Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Valide Sultan Cad. No:1, 34473 Bahcekoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, NC State University, 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, NC State University, 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - M. Emin Gule
- Chemical Engineering Information Technology Specialist, Edremit Bicakcilar Street No:3, 10300 Edremit, Balikkesir, Turkey
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Horst TH, Smith RD, Potthast A, Hubbe MA. Accelerated Aging of Deacidified and Untreated Book Paper in 1967 Compared with 52 Years of Natural Aging. Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/res-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThree copies of a book that had been optionally deacidified using two different procedures in 1967, and then subjected to accelerated aging, were tested again after 52 years of natural aging. Matched copies of the book Cooking the Greek Way, which had been printed in Czechoslovakia on acidic paper, were evaluated. Nonaqueous treatment of two of the copies with magnesium methoxide dissolved in chlorofluorocarbon solvent had been found in 1967 to have decreased the susceptibility to embrittlement, as evidenced by the results of the accelerated aging, followed by folding endurance tests. Retesting of the same books in 2019, after 52 years of room temperature storage, showed that the deacidification treatments had achieved the following benefits in comparison to the untreated book: (a) higher brightness; (b) higher folding endurance; (c) tensile breaking length higher in the cross-direction of the paper; (d) substantial alkaline reserve content, (e) an alkaline surface pH in the range 7.1–7.4, and (f) higher molecular mass of the cellulose. Remarkably, some of the folding endurance results matched those of unaged samples evaluated in 1967. Scanning electron micrographs showed no differences between the treated and untreated books.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali H. Horst
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Antje Potthast
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, (BOKU), Department of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, 27695-8005 Raleigh, NC, USA
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Zhang H, Sun X, Hubbe MA, Pal L. Highly conductive carbon nanotubes and flexible cellulose nanofibers composite membranes with semi-interpenetrating networks structure. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:115013. [PMID: 31320047 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and flexible cellulose nanofibers (CNF) membranes with semi-interpenetrating networks structure were fabricated using the typical paper-making method, which was simple and cost-effective. The Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to estimate the morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the membranes. The mechanical, optical, and electrical properties of the membranes were characterized with a uniaxial tensile testing machine, ultraviolet visible spectroscope, and digital multimeter, respectively. The results indicated that the membranes containing 10 wt% of MWCNTs showed a high conductivity value of 37.6 S/m, and the sheet resistances of the membranes were stable at different bending states. Furthermore, we demonstrated the electrical features of membrane-based capacitive pressure sensors based on CNF/MWCNTs. The proposed method for fabricating CNF/MWCNTs membranes can simplify the production process and have great practical potential in various electronics applications such as touch screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China; Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Xiaohang Sun
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA.
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Tyagi P, Lucia LA, Hubbe MA, Pal L. Nanocellulose-based multilayer barrier coatings for gas, oil, and grease resistance. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:281-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rudi H, Ghorbannazhad P, Hubbe MA. Optimizing the mechanical properties of papers reinforced with refining and layer-by-layer treated recycled fibers using response surface methodology. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:391-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yin Y, Lou C, Hubbe MA, Tian X, Jiang X, Wang H, Gao W. Synergy of Silane and Polyacrylate Treatments to Prepare Thermally Stable and Hydrophobic Cellulose Nanocrystals. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yin
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqian Lou
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- North Carolina State University, Department of Forest Biomaterials, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Xiuzhi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Gao
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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Rahmaninia M, Rohi M, Hubbe MA, Zabihzadeh SM, Ramezani O. The performance of chitosan with bentonite microparticles as wet-end additive system for paper reinforcement. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:328-332. [PMID: 29111058 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the effect of bentonite micro-particles on the performance of chitosan as a new additive system for improving the dry strengths of acidic papermaking was studied. Chitosan, an abundant carbohydrate biopolymer, in 4 dosages (0, 0.75, 1.25 and 2% based on dry weight of pulp) was applied with bentonite in 4 dosages (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% based on oven-dry weight of pulp). Although the addition of chitosan up to 0.75% (without bentonite) improved tensile index and burst index, but the addition of more chitosan decreased all mechanical properties in comparison with the control sample. The application of bentonite in combination with chitosan had a significant impact on chitosan performance in mechanical properties. The best results were obtained with 0.3% bentonite consumption. Visual formation ranking had a proper correlation with this obtained results. The micro-kjeldahl indirectly confirmed chitosan retention in the treated paper with chitosan/bentonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rahmaninia
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rohi
- Department of Biorefinery, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab Campus, Zirab, Iran
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Seyed Majid Zabihzadeh
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
| | - Omid Ramezani
- Department of Biorefinery, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab Campus, Zirab, Iran
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Abstract
We studied the interactions of lipid molecules (linoleic acid, glycerol trilinoleate and a complex mixture of wood extractives) with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), respectively). The effect of lipoxygenase treatment to minimize the affinity of the lipids with the given surface was considered. Application of an electroacoustic sensing technique (QCM) allowed the monitoring of the kinetics of oxidation as well as dynamics of lipid deposition on CNF and PET. The effect of the lipoxygenase enzymes (LOX) was elucidated with regards to their ability to reduce the formation of soiling lipid layers. The results pointed to the fact that the rate of colloidal oxidation depended on the type of lipid substrate. The pretreatment of the lipids with LOX reduced substantially their affinity to the surfaces, especially PET. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensograms confirmed the effect of oxidation in decreasing the extent of deposition on the hydrophilic CNF. QCM energy dissipation analyses revealed the possible presence of a loosely adsorbed lipid layer on the PET surface. The morphology of the deposits accumulated on the solids was determined by atomic force microscopy and indicated important changes upon lipid treatment with LOX. The results highlighted the benefit of enzyme as a biobased treatment to reduce hydrophobic interactions, thus providing a viable solution to the control of lipid deposition from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Tayeb
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science of Soochow University , #708 Ren Ming Road, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27513, United States
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University , Espoo 00076, Finland
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Hubbe MA, Sanchez MA, Baosupee D, Nazhad M. Breakup of Agglomerated Clusters of Cellulosic Fines and CaCO 3Particles Exposed to Hydrodynamic Stress. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1065504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang W, Liu W, Li H, Hubbe MA, Yu D, Li G, Wang H. Improving Stability and Sizing Performance of Alkenylsuccinic Anhydride (ASA) Emulsion by Using Melamine-Modified Laponite Particles as Emulsion Stabilizer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
| | - Dehai Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology (Qilu University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
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Baosupee D, Massey AJ, Nazhad M, Hubbe MA. Heteroagglomeration as a mechanism of retaining CaCO3 particles on the fibrils of cellulosic fines: A study by laser light diffraction and microscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Salas C, Genzer J, Lucia LA, Hubbe MA, Rojas OJ. Water-wettable polypropylene fibers by facile surface treatment based on soy proteins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:6541-6548. [PMID: 23789986 DOI: 10.1021/am401065t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the wetting behavior of hydrophobic surfaces is essential in a variety of materials, including textiles and membranes that require control of fluid interactions, adhesion, transport processes, sensing, etc. This investigation examines the enhancement of wettability of an important class of textile materials, viz., polypropylene (PP) fibers, by surface adsorption of different proteins from soybeans, including soy flour, isolate,glycinin, and β-conglycinin. Detailed investigations of soy adsorption from aqueous solution (pH 7.4, 25 °C) on polypropylene thin films is carried out using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). A significant amount of protein adsorbs onto the PP surfaces primarily due to hydrophobic interactions. We establish that adsorption of a cationic surfactant, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODA) onto PP surfaces prior to the protein deposition dramatically enhances its adsorption. The adsorption of proteins from native (PBS buffer, pH 7.4, 25 °C) and denatured conditions (PBS buffer, pH 7.4, 95 °C) onto DODA-treated PP leads to a high coverage of the proteins on the PP surface as confirmed by a significant improvement in water wettability. A shift in the contact angle from 128° to completely wettable surfaces (≈0°) is observed and confirmed by imaging experiments conducted with fluorescence tags. Furthermore, the results from wicking tests indicate that hydrophobic PP nonwovens absorb a significant amount of water after protein treatment, i.e., the PP-modified surfaces become completely hydrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Abstract
Lignins are used often in formulations involving proteins but little is known about the surface interactions between these important biomacromolecules. In this work, we investigate the interactions at the solid-liquid interface of lignin with the two main proteins in soy, glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S). The extent of adsorption of 11S and 7S onto lignin films and the degree of hydration of the interfacial layers is quantified via Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Solution ionic strength and protein denaturation (2-mercaptoethanol and urea) critically affect the adsorption process as protein molecules undergo conformational changes and their hydrophobic or hydrophilic amino acid residues interact with the surrounding medium. In general, the adsorption of the undenatured proteins onto lignin is more extensive compared to that of the denatured biomolecules and a large amount of water is coupled to the adsorbed molecules. The reduction in water contact angle after protein adsorption (by ~40° and 35° for undenatured 11S and 7S, respectively) is explained by strong nonspecific interactions between soy proteins and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Jin H, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ, Hubbe MA, Pawlak JJ. Survey of soy protein flour as a novel dry strength agent for papermaking furnishes. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:9828-9833. [PMID: 22967130 DOI: 10.1021/jf303023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted on recycled pulp samples for the novel purpose of determining the efficacy of employing soy protein flour to increase the strength of dry paper. Values of short span compression and tensile strength were the prime criteria for comparison based on industrial considerations. Various conditions were considered to uncover effective schemes for applying the soy proteins under industrial-like papermaking conditions including alkaline versus acidic as well as high or low ionic content papermaking conditions. A hybrid system of starch, a dry strength additive currently used in paper furnishes, and soy protein was considered to study the possible existence of any synergistic chemical effects. Results indicated that a 1 part (by mass) soy protein to 3 parts cationic starch hybrid system resulted in the highest strength increase in comparison to solely either the soy protein or the cationic starch as dry strength additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jin
- Department of Forest Biomaterials (Wood & Paper Science), Laboratory of Soft Materials & Green Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, USA
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Payne KC, Jackson CD, Aizpurua CE, Rojas OJ, Hubbe MA. Oil spills abatement: factors affecting oil uptake by cellulosic fibers. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:7725-7730. [PMID: 22724888 DOI: 10.1021/es3015524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood-derived cellulosic fibers prepared in different ways were successfully employed to absorb simulated crude oil, demonstrating their possible use as absorbents in the case of oil spills. When dry fibers were used, the highest sorption capacity (six parts of oil per unit mass of fiber) was shown by bleached softwood kraft fibers, compared to hardwood bleached kraft and softwood chemithermomechanical pulp(CTMP) fibers. Increased refining of CTMP fibers decreased their oil uptake capacity. When the fibers were soaked in water before exposure to the oil, the ability of the unmodified kraft fibers to sorb oil was markedly reduced, whereas the wet CTMP fibers were generally more effective than the wet kraft fibers. Predeposition of lignin onto the surfaces of the bleached kraft fibers improved their ability to take up oil when wet. Superior ability to sorb oil in the wet state was achieved by pretreating the kraft fibers with a hydrophobic sizing agent, alkenylsuccinic anhydride (ASA). Contact angle tests on a model cellulose surface showed that some of the sorption results onto wetted fibers could be attributed to the more hydrophobic nature of the fibers after treatment with either lignin or ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine C Payne
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Carrillo CA, Saloni D, Lucia LA, Hubbe MA, Rojas OJ. Capillary flooding of wood with microemulsions from Winsor I systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 381:171-9. [PMID: 22721790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new approach based on microemulsions formulated with at least 85% water and minority components consisting of oil (limonene) and surfactant (anionic and nonionic) is demonstrated for the first time to be effective for flooding wood's complex capillary structure. The formulation of the microemulsion was based on phase behavior scans of Surfactant-Oil-Water systems (SOWs) and the construction of pseudo-ternary diagrams to localize thermodynamically stable one-phase emulsion systems with different composition, salinity and water-to-oil ratios. Wicking and fluid penetration isotherms followed different kinetic regimes and indicated enhanced performance relative to that of the base fluids (water, oil or surfactant solutions). The key properties of microemulsions to effectively penetrate the solid structure are discussed; microemulsion formulation and resultant viscosity are found to have a determining effect in the extent of fluid uptake. The solubilization of cell wall components is observed after microemulsion impregnation. Thus, the microemulsion can be tuned not only to effectively penetrate the void spaces but also to solubilize hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. The concept proposed in this research is expected to open opportunities in fluid sorption in fiber systems for biomass pretreatment, and delivery of hydrophilic or lipophilic moieties in porous, lignocellulosics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Carrillo
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
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Salas C, Rojas OJ, Lucia LA, Hubbe MA, Genzer J. Adsorption of Glycinin and β-Conglycinin on Silica and Cellulose: Surface Interactions as a Function of Denaturation, pH, and Electrolytes. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:387-96. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2014153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salas
- Department of Forest
Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest
Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry and Materials
Sciences, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076,
Aalto, Finland
| | - Lucian A. Lucia
- Department of Forest
Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Forest
Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical
and Bimolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905,
United States
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Kim GY, Hubbe MA, Kim CH. Engineering of a Wet-End Additives Program Relative to Process Parameters and to the Physical and Optical Properties of Filled Paper. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100434u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Yun Kim
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8005, and Division of Environmental Forest Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8005, and Division of Environmental Forest Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Chul-Hwan Kim
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8005, and Division of Environmental Forest Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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Song J, Yamagushi T, Silva DJ, Hubbe MA, Rojas OJ. Effect of Charge Asymmetry on Adsorption and Phase Separation of Polyampholytes on Silica and Cellulose Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:719-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909047t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Song
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 1-2-2, Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0003, Japan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of São Paulo University, SP, Brazil, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Takashi Yamagushi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 1-2-2, Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0003, Japan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of São Paulo University, SP, Brazil, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Deusanilde J. Silva
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 1-2-2, Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0003, Japan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of São Paulo University, SP, Brazil, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 1-2-2, Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0003, Japan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of São Paulo University, SP, Brazil, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 1-2-2, Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0003, Japan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of São Paulo University, SP, Brazil, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Andrew Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - John A. Heitmann
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
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Lee SY, Hubbe MA. Morphologies of synthetic mineral microparticles for papermaking as a function of synthetic conditions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee SY, Hubbe MA. Polyelectrolyte titrations of synthetic mineral microparticle suspensions to evaluate charge characteristics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hamzeh Y, Ekhtera MH, Hubbe MA, Izadyar S, Pourtahmasi K. Effects of Process Variables on Poly-Aluminum Chloride (PAC)-Rosin Sizing Performance under Neutral Papermaking Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800107x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Hamzeh
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4313, Karaj-Iran, and Department of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ekhtera
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4313, Karaj-Iran, and Department of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4313, Karaj-Iran, and Department of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Soheila Izadyar
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4313, Karaj-Iran, and Department of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Kambiz Pourtahmasi
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4313, Karaj-Iran, and Department of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
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Hubbe MA, Rojas OJ, Argyropoulos DS, Wang Y, Song J, Sulić N, Sezaki T. Charge and the dry-strength performance of polyampholytes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hubbe MA, Rojas OJ, Lee SY, Park S, Wang Y. Distinctive electrokinetic behavior of nanoporous silica particles treated with cationic polyelectrolyte. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hubbe MA, Moore SM, Lee SY. Effects of Charge Ratios and Cationic Polymer Nature on Polyelectrolyte Complex Deposition onto Cellulose. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie048902m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Hubbe
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Stephanie M. Moore
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
| | - Sa Yong Lee
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005
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Chen J, Hubbe MA, Heitmann JA, Argyropoulos DS, Rojas OJ. Dependency of polyelectrolyte complex stoichiometry on the order of addition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen J, Heitmann JA, Hubbe MA. Dependency of polyelectrolyte complex stoichiometry on the order of addition. 1. Effect of salt concentration during streaming current titrations with strong poly-acid and poly-base. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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