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Cai W, Ye C, Ao F, Xu Z, Chu W. Emerging applications of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix with machine learning for water quality monitoring: A systematic review. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 277:123281. [PMID: 39970782 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) spectroscopy is increasingly utilized in water quality monitoring due to its rapid, sensitive, and non-destructive measurement capabilities. The integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with FEEM offers a powerful approach to enhance data interpretation and improve monitoring efficiency. This review systematically examines the application of ML-FEEM in urban water systems across three primary tasks of ML: classification, regression, and pattern recognition. Contributed by the effectiveness of ML in nonlinear and high dimensional data analysis, ML-FEEM achieved superior accuracy and efficiency in pollutant qualification and quantification. The fluorescence features extracted through ML are more representative and hold potential for generating new FEEM samples. Additionally, the rich visualization capabilities of ML-FEEM facilitate the exploration of the migration and transformation of dissolved organic matter in water. This review underscores the importance of leveraging the latest ML advancements to uncover hidden information within FEEM data, and advocates for the use of pattern recognition methods, represented by self-organizing map, to further elucidate the behavior of pollutants in aquatic environments. Despite notable advancements, several issues require careful consideration, including the portable or online setups for FEEM collection, the standardized pretreatment processes for FEEM analysis, and the smart feedback of long-term FEEM governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feiyang Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Janpan P, Schmelzer B, Klamrak A, Tastub P, Upathanpreecha T, Rahman SS, Nabnueangsap J, Saengkun Y, Rungsa P, Mattanovich D, Daduang S. Production of Vespa tropica Hyaluronidase by Pichia pastoris. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:854. [PMID: 39728350 DOI: 10.3390/jof10120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases have been a subject of great interest in medical and cosmeceutical applications. Previously, our group demonstrated that the venom glands of Vespa tropica contain hyaluronidase enzymes (VesT2s), and heterologous expression of the corresponding gene (VesT2a) in E. coli systems results in inclusion bodies, necessitating functional folding using urea. Here, we report the successful heterologous expression of VesT2a in the Pichia pastoris expression system, with gene construction achieved using GoldenPiCS. After confirming gene integration in the yeast genome, methanol-induced cultures yielded an exceptional amount of VesT2a, approximately two-fold higher than that obtained with the constitutive expression vector (PGAP). Upon culturing in a bioreactor, yeast cells harboring pAOX1-αMF-VesT2a produced secreted proteins with a total yield of 96.45 mg/L. The secreted VesT2a has a molecular weight of 59.35 kDa, significantly higher than the expected molecular weight (~40.05 kDa), presumably due to endogenous glycosylation by the yeast cells. It exhibits optimal activity at 37 °C and pH 3, showing a specific activity of 4238.37 U/mg, and remains active across a broad range of pH and temperature. Notably, it exhibits higher hyaluronidase activity than the crude venom and E. coli-expressed protein, likely due to improved folding via endogenous post-translational modifications, such as disulfide bonds and N-glycosylation; this underscores the potential of heterologous systems for producing venomous hyaluronidases from other species. In silico docking-based analyses further support its catalytic activity and provide insights into seeking natural inhibitors from phenolic-rich plant extracts to alleviate symptoms in patients suffering from insect bites and stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapon Janpan
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Bernhard Schmelzer
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anuwatchakij Klamrak
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Patthana Tastub
- Betagro Science Center Co., Ltd., 136 Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tewa Upathanpreecha
- Betagro Science Center Co., Ltd., 136 Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Shaikh Shahinur Rahman
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh
| | - Jaran Nabnueangsap
- Salaya Central Instrument Facility RSPG, Research Management and Development Division, Office of the President, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yutthakan Saengkun
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Prapenpuksiri Rungsa
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Diethard Mattanovich
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
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3
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Wu Y, Zhao S, Wang J, Chen Y, Li H, Li JP, Kan Y, Zhang T. Methods for determining the structure and physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:137603. [PMID: 39542327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear high molecular weight polymer ubiquitously distributed in humans and animals. The D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine repeating disaccharide backbone along with variable secondary and tertiary structures endows HA with unique rheological characteristics as well as diverse biological functions such as maintaining tissue homeostasis and mediating cell functions. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, viscoelasticity and moisturizing properties, natural HA and its chemically modified derivatives are widely used in medical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. For broad application purposes, abundant HA-based biochemical products have been developed, including the methodologies for characterization of these products. This review provides an overview focusing on the methods used for determining HA structure as well as the strategies for constructing its derivatives. Apart from the analytical approaches for defining the physicochemical properties of HA (e.g., molecular weight, rheology and swelling capacity), quantitative methods for assessing the purity of HA-based materials are discussed. In addition, the biological functions and potential applications of HA and its derivatives are briefly embarked and perspectives in methodological development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China
| | - Siran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China.
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China.
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Liu Y, Sun M, Chang Y, Mei X, Liu G, Sun Y, Xue C. Carbohydrate-binding module could integrate with ELISA and serve the simple and specific quantification of hyaluronic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 283:137528. [PMID: 39537067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantification is essential in the research and development of polysaccharides. However, achieving simplicity and specificity in polysaccharide quantification remains a challenging task. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on antibodies provides a straightforward and specific quantification strategy. Nevertheless, acquiring antibodies for polysaccharides is complicated. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), which can be efficiently obtained, exhibit the capability to specifically recognize and bind carbohydrates. In this study, we verified the feasibility of a CBM-based ELISA for the quantification of hyaluronic acid (HA) by replacing an antibody with a CBM. The CBM-based ELISA, which employed a HA-specific CBM, exhibited a linear detection range spanning from 10 to 100 μg/mL. Both intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation remained below 15 % and recoveries ranged from 96.26 % to 98.22 %, indicating favorable precision and accuracy. The method exhibited specificity exclusively to HA, suggesting its reliance on CBM binding specificity. The effectiveness of the method in analyzing commercial products was confirmed. Additionally, a comparison with the carbazole assay revealed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.994). By integrating CBMs with ELISA, the study presented a novel and easily implementable solution for simple and specific quantification of HA while also highlighting the potential of this strategy to advance polysaccharide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Menghui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xuanwei Mei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Guanchen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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5
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Klejch T, Buffa R, Šimek M, Nešporová K, Exnerová A, Bednařík J, Brandejsová M, Vágnerová H, Fiala F, Velebný V. Enzymatically stable unsaturated hyaluronan-derived oligosaccharides with selective cytostatic properties. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122129. [PMID: 38670770 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a linear glycosaminoglycan comprising D-N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid, is the main component of the extracellular matrix. Its influence on cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, signalling, and other functions, depends heavily on its molecular weight and chemical modification. Unsaturated HA oligosaccharides are available in defined length and purity. Their potential therapeutic utility can be further improved by chemical modification, e. g., reduction. No synthesis of such modified oligosaccharides, either stepwise or by hyaluronan cleavage, has been reported yet. Here we show a three-step synthesis (esterification, depolymerization and reduction) of unsaturated even numbered hyaluronan oligosaccharides with carboxylates and the reducing terminus reduced to an alcohol. Particular oligosaccharides were synthesised. The modified oligosaccharides are not cleaved by mammalian or bacterial hyaluronidase and do not affect the growth of mouse and human fibroblasts. Further, MTT and NRU viability tests showed that they inhibit the growth of human colon carcinoma cells HT-29 by 20-50 % in concentrations 500-1000 μg/mL. Interestingly, this effect takes place regardless of CD44 receptor expression and was not observed with unmodified HA oligosaccharides. These compounds could serve as enzymatically stable building blocks for biologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Klejch
- Contipro a. s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic.
| | - Radovan Buffa
- Contipro a. s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Šimek
- Contipro a. s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jiří Bednařík
- Contipro a. s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Vágnerová
- Contipro a. s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Czech Republic
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6
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Gély C, Monneau YR, Hologne M, Faure K. Impact of conditioning runs on hydrophilic interaction chromatography repeatability and its application as a second dimension in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300935. [PMID: 38801757 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A common separation approach for polar compounds involves coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) in two-dimensional chromatography. The higher proportion of acetonitrile used in the HILIC mobile phase, which enhances mass spectrometry detection, encourages its use in the second dimension. Previous studies demonstrated that the HILIC column can be partially equilibrated within very short timeframes without compromising retention time stability, rendering it suitable in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) setups. In addition, a specific number of conditioning cycles seems necessary to establish stable retention times. Here, the repeatability of HILIC when employed as second dimension in LC×LC was investigated, with a focus on determining the required number of conditioning cycles to achieve repeatable retention times. Various parameters influenced by the LC×LC online modulation system were studied, such as steep gradient slopes up to 8%, and very short equilibration times, less than or equal to dead time, as well as injection volume and solvent, which depend on the first dimension. Finally, the use of HILIC as a second dimension with tailored conditioning runs was applied to the analysis of hyaluronic acid hydrogel digests. The application of an RPLC×HILIC method using five conditioning runs yielded exceptional stability in second-dimension retention times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gély
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yoan R Monneau
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maggy Hologne
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, ISA, UMR5280, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
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7
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Egorova D, Nomura Y, Miyata S. Impact of hyaluronan size on localization and solubility of the extracellular matrix in the mouse brain. Glycobiology 2023; 33:615-625. [PMID: 36924076 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a central component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the brain and plays a pivotal role in neural development and plasticity. Brain HA exists in 2 distinct forms of the ECM: the diffuse ECM, which is soluble in saline and detergents, and the condensed ECM, which forms aggregates, such as perineuronal nets (PNNs). Although the physiological functions of HA significantly differ depending on its size, size differences in HA have not yet been examined in the 2 ECM types, which is partly because of the lack of methods to rapidly and accurately measure the molecular weight (MW) of HA. In this study, we established a simple method to simultaneously assess the MW of HA in multiple crude biological samples. HA was purified through single-step precipitation from tissue extracts using biotinylated HA-binding protein and streptavidin-coupled magnetic beads, followed by separation on gel electrophoresis. By applying this method to HA in the mouse brain, we revealed that the condensed ECM contained higher MW HA than the diffuse ECM. Higher MW HA and lower MW HA exhibited different spatial distributions: the former was confined to PNNs, whereas the latter was widely present throughout the brain. Furthermore, the limited degradation of HA showed that only higher MW HA was required to form an insoluble HA-aggrecan complex. The present study demonstrated that the MW of HA in the brain strongly correlates with the localization and solubility of the ECM it forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Egorova
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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8
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Šínová R, Pavlík V, Šimek M, Čepa M, Ondrej M, Nešporová K, Velebný V. The hyaluronan metabolism in the UV-irradiated human epidermis and the relevance of in vitro epidermal models. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1694-1705. [PMID: 37443444 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the sun affects the skin and may eventually result in UV-induced skin damage. It is generally known that hyaluronan (HA) is one of the main structural and functional components of the skin. However, UV-related changes in the HA metabolism in the skin have not yet been elucidated. Using qRT-PCR, confocal microscopy and LC-MS/MS we compared the naturally sun-exposed (SE), sun-protected, experimentally repeatedly UVA + UVB-exposed and acutely (once) UVA + UVB irradiated skin of Caucasian women. The epidermis was harvested by means of suction blistering 24 h after the acute irradiation. In addition, the epidermis was compared with a UV-irradiated in vitro reconstituted 3D epidermis (EpiDerm) and an in vitro 2D culture of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK). The amount of HA was found to be statistically significantly enhanced in the acutely irradiated epidermis. The acute UV evinced the upregulation of HA synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL3), Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Cell Migration Inducing Proteins (CEMIP and CEMIP2), while only certain changes were recapitulated in the 3D epidermis. For the first time, we demonstrated the enhanced gene and protein expression of CEMIP and CEMIP2 following UV irradiation in the human epidermis. The data suggest that the HA metabolism is affected by UV in the irradiated epidermis and that the response can be modulated by the underlying dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Šínová
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Martin Ondrej
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
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Chatzigeorgiou S, Jílková J, Korecká L, Janyšková R, Hermannová M, Šimek M, Čožíková D, Slováková M, Bílková Z, Bobek J, Černý Z, Čihák M, Velebný V. Preparation of hyaluronan oligosaccharides by a prokaryotic beta-glucuronidase: Characterization of free and immobilized forms of the enzyme. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121078. [PMID: 37364952 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Popularity of hyaluronan (HA) in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, led to the investigation and development of new HA-based materials, with enzymes playing a key role. Beta-D-glucuronidases catalyze the hydrolysis of a beta-D-glucuronic acid residue from the non-reducing end of various substrates. However, lack of specificity towards HA for most beta-D-glucuronidases, in addition to the high cost and low purity of those active on HA, have prevented their widespread application. In this study, we investigated a recombinant beta-glucuronidase from Bacteroides fragilis (rBfGUS). We demonstrated the rBfGUS's activity on native, modified, and derivatized HA oligosaccharides (oHAs). Using chromogenic beta-glucuronidase substrate and oHAs, we characterized the enzyme's optimal conditions and kinetic parameters. Additionally, we evaluated rBfGUS's activity towards oHAs of various sizes and types. To increase reusability and ensure the preparation of enzyme-free oHA products, rBfGUS was immobilized on two types of magnetic macroporous bead cellulose particles. Both immobilized forms of rBfGUS demonstrated suitable operational and storage stabilities, and their activity parameters were comparable to the free form. Our findings suggest that native and derivatized oHAs can be prepared using this bacterial beta-glucuronidase, and a novel biocatalyst with enhanced operational parameters has been developed with a potential for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Chatzigeorgiou
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jílková
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Korecká
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Janyšková
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | - Matej Šimek
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Čožíková
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Slováková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bílková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bobek
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, České mládeže 8, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná sq. 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Černý
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Čihák
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
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10
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Lu KH, Lu PWA, Lin CW, Lu EWH, Yang SF. Different molecular weights of hyaluronan research in knee osteoarthritis: A state-of-the-art review. Matrix Biol 2023; 117:46-71. [PMID: 36849081 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, concomitant adaptive osteogenesis, and loss of joint function. The progression of OA with aging is associated with a decrease in native hyaluronan (HA, hyaluronate or hyaluronic acid) with a high molecular weight (HMW) in synovial fluid and a subsequent increase in lower MW HA and fragments. As HMW HA possesses numerous biochemical and biological properties, we review new molecular insights into the potential of HA to modify OA processes. Different MWs in the formulation of products appear to have varying effects on knee OA (KOA) pain relief, improved function, and postponing surgery. In addition to the safety profile, more evidence indicates that intraarticular (IA) HA administration may be an effective option to treat KOA, with a particular emphasis on the use of HA with fewer injections of higher MW, including potential applications of HA of very HMW. We also analyzed published systemic reviews and meta-analyses of IA HA in treating KOA in order to discuss their conclusions and consensus statements. According to its MW, HA may offer a simple way to refine therapeutic information in selective KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eric Wun-Hao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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12
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Sindelar M, Jilkova J, Kubala L, Velebny V, Turkova K. Hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases: From humans to bacteriophages. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112095. [PMID: 34507069 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a non-sulfated negatively-charged linear polymer distributed in most parts of the human body, where it is located around cells in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues and plays an essential role in the organization of tissue architecture. Moreover, hyaluronan is involved in many biological processes and used in many clinical, cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and biotechnological applications worldwide. As interest in hyaluronan applications increases, so does interest in hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases, as these enzymes play a major part in hyaluronan degradation. Many hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases produced by eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and bacteriophages have so far been described and annotated, and their ability to cleave hyaluronan has been experimentally proven. These enzymes belong to several carbohydrate-active enzyme families, share very low sequence identity, and differ in their cleaving mechanisms and in their structural and functional properties. This review presents a summary of annotated and characterized hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases isolated from different sources belonging to distinct protein families, with a main focus on the binding and catalytic residues of the discussed enzymes in the context of their biochemical properties. In addition, the application potential of individual groups of hyaluronidases and hyaluronate lyases is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sindelar
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jilkova
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Turkova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Schiller J, Lemmnitzer K, Dürig JN, Rademann J. Insights into structure, affinity, specificity, and function of GAG-protein interactions through the chemoenzymatic preparation of defined sulfated oligohyaluronans. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1375-1384. [PMID: 34291624 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) such as hyaluronan (HA) occur in connective tissues. There is nowadays increasing evidence that a "sulfation code" exists which mediates numerous GAG functions. High molecular weight and inhomogeneity of GAG, however, aggravated detailed studies. Thus, synthetic oligosaccharides were urgently required. We will review here chemoenzymatic and analytic strategies to provide defined sulfated and anomerically modified GAG oligosaccharides of the HA type. Representative studies of protein/GAG interactions by (bio)chemical and biophysical methods are reported yielding novel insights into GAG-protein binding. Finally, the biological conclusions and in vivo applications of defined sulfated GAG oligosaccharides will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Schiller
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Lemmnitzer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Dürig
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195Berlin, Germany
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14
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Šimek M, Nešporová K, Kocurková A, Foglová T, Ambrožová G, Velebný V, Kubala L, Hermannová M. How the molecular weight affects the in vivo fate of exogenous hyaluronan delivered intravenously: A stable-isotope labelling strategy. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117927. [PMID: 33858586 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is inconsistent information regarding the size effects of exogenously given hyaluronan on its in vivo fate. The data are often biased by the poor quality of hyaluronan and non-ideal labelling strategies used for resolving exogenous/endogenous hyaluronan, which only monitor the label and not hyaluronan itself. To overcome these drawbacks and establish the pharmacokinetics of intravenous hyaluronan in relation to its Mw, 13C-labelled HA of five Mws from 13.6-1562 kDa was prepared and administered to mice at doses 25-50 mg kg-1. The elimination efficiency increased with decreasing Mw. Low Mw hyaluronan was rapidly eliminated as small hyaluronan fragments in urine, while high Mw hyaluronan exhibited saturable kinetics and complete metabolization within 48 h. All tested Mws exhibited a similar uptake by liver cells and metabolization into activated sugars. 13C-labelling combined with LC-MS provides an excellent approach to elucidating in vivo fate and biological activities of hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Šimek
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Anna Kocurková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Foglová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ambrožová
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102, Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Huerta Ángeles G, Nešporová K. Hyaluronan and its derivatives for ophthalmology: Recent advances and future perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117697. [PMID: 33673986 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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