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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Charoenwongphaibun C, Wangpaiboon K, Panpetch P, Wanichacheva N, Pichyangkura R. Endo- and exo-levanases from Bacillus subtilis HM7: Catalytic components, synergistic cooperation, and application in fructooligosaccharide synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132508. [PMID: 38782321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Levan-type fructooligosaccharides (LFOS) exhibit significant biological activities and selectively promote the growth of certain beneficial bacteria. Levanase is an important enzyme for LFOS production. In this study, two isoforms of levanases, exo- and endo-type depolymerizing enzymes, from Bacillus subtilis HM7 isolated from Dynastes hercules larvae excrement were cloned, expressed, and characterized. The synergistic effect on the levan hydrolysis and kinetic properties of both isoforms were evaluated, indicating their cooperation in levan metabolism, where the endo-levanase catalyzes a rate-limiting step. In addition, homology models and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the key amino residues of the enzymes for levan binding and catalysis. It was found that both isoforms possessed distinct binding residues in the active sites, suggesting the importance of the specificity of the enzymes. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of endo-type levanase in LFOS synthesis using a one-pot reaction with levansucrase. Overall, this study fills the knowledge gap in understanding levanase's mechanism, making an important contribution to the fields of food science and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chonnipha Charoenwongphaibun
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Sean, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nantanit Wanichacheva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Domżał-Kędzia M, Ostrowska M, Lewińska A, Łukaszewicz M. Recent Developments and Applications of Microbial Levan, A Versatile Polysaccharide-Based Biopolymer. Molecules 2023; 28:5407. [PMID: 37513279 PMCID: PMC10384002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential components with diverse functions in living organisms and find widespread applications in various industries. They serve as food additives, stabilizers, thickeners, and fat substitutes in the food industry, while also contributing to dietary fiber for improved digestion and gut health. Plant-based polysaccharides are utilized in paper, textiles, wound dressings, biodegradable packaging, and tissue regeneration. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology, as well as in the production of biofuels and biomaterials. Among microbial biopolymers, microbial levan, a fructose polysaccharide, holds significant promise due to its high productivity and chemical diversity. Levan exhibits a wide range of properties, including film-forming ability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, self-aggregation, encapsulation, controlled release capacity, water retention, immunomodulatory and prebiotic activity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity, as well as high biocompatibility. These exceptional properties position levan as an attractive candidate for nature-based materials in food production, modern cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacy. Advancing the understanding of microbial polymers and reducing production costs is crucial to the future development of these fields. By further exploring the potential of microbial biopolymers, particularly levan, we can unlock new opportunities for sustainable materials and innovative applications that benefit various industries and contribute to advancements in healthcare, environmental conservation, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Ostrowska
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- OnlyBio Life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Chen L, Hill A, Petit JL, Mariage A, de Berardinis V, Karboune S. Discovery and Enzymatic Screening of Genome-Mined Microbial Levanases to Produce Second-Generation β-(2,6)-Fructooligosaccharides: Catalytic Properties. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:465-475. [PMID: 36826427 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that β-(2,6)-levan-type fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) possess higher prebiotic potential and selectivity than their β-(2,1)-inulin-type counterparts. The focus of the present work was to develop an enzymatic approach for the synthesis of levan-type FOSs, employing levanases (EC 3.2.1.65), specifically those performing endo-hydrolysis on levans. To identify new levanases, a selection of candidates was obtained via in silico exploration of the levanase family biodiversity through a sequence-driven approach. A collection of 113 candidates was screened according to their specific activities on low- and high-molecular-weight (MW) levan as well as thermal stability. The most active levanases were able to hydrolyze both types of levan with similar efficiency. This ultimately revealed 10 active, highly evolutionary distant and diverse candidate levanases, which demonstrated preferential hydrolysis of levan over inulin. The end-product profile differed significantly depending on levanase with levanbiose, levantriose, and levantetraose being the major FOSs. Among them, the catalytic properties of 5 selected potential new levanases (LEV9 from Belliella Baltica, LEV36 from Dyadobacter fermentans, LEV37 from Capnocytophaga ochracea, LEV79 from Vibrio natriegens, LEV91 from Paenarthrobacter aurescens) were characterized, especially in terms of pH and temperature profiles, thermal stability, and kinetic parameters. The identification of these novel levanases is expected to contribute to the production of levan-type FOSs with properties surpassing those of commercial preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Andrea Hill
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Petit
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, Evry 91057, France
| | - Aline Mariage
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, Evry 91057, France
| | - Véronique de Berardinis
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, Evry 91057, France
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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Growth behavior of probiotic microorganisms on levan- and inulin-based fructans. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Lekakarn H, Bunterngsook B, Jaikaew P, Kuantum T, Wansuksri R, Champreda V. Functional Characterization of Recombinant Endo-Levanase (LevBk) from Bacillus koreensis HL12 on Short-Chain Levan-Type Fructooligosaccharides Production. Protein J 2022; 41:477-488. [PMID: 35931938 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOSs) are a prominent class of non-digestible oligosaccharides with potential as nutritional prebiotics. Endo-levanase, which randomly hydrolyzes β-(2,6)-linkages in fructans, is a promising enzyme for short-chain FOS production. In this work, a recombinant levanase (LevBk) from Bacillus koreensis strain HL12 was characterized. Soluble LevBk protein was produced in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) system at 40 mg/L of culture medium. Based on sequence and structural analysis, LevBk was classified as a member of endo-levanase in GH32 family containing N-terminal substrate binding pocket and C-terminal β-sandwich domains. LevBk optimally worked at 45 °C, pH 6.0 with the specific activity of 2.43 U/mg. Based on enzymatic hydrolysis, short-chain L-FOSs with degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-4 were produced from hydrolysis of timothy grass levan under optimal conditions for 9-24 h. With its ability to produce L-FOSs with specific chain lengths, LevBk could be attractively applied for converting of levan containing material to high value-added sweetener in the biorefinery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataikarn Lekakarn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rangsit Campus, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Phuphiphat Jaikaew
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rangsit Campus, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thanyanun Kuantum
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rangsit Campus, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rungtiva Wansuksri
- Cassava and Starch Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Levan-type fructooligosaccharides synthesis by novel levansucrase-inulosucrase fusion enzyme. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Efficient substrate accessibility of cross-linked levanase aggregates using dialdehyde starch as a macromolecular cross-linker. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118159. [PMID: 34119133 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are influenced by mass diffusion limitations such as the degree of molecular cross-linking attained, which affects substrate accessibility. Thus, this study seeks to improve substrate accessibility using macromolecular cross-linkers in cross-linked levanase aggregates (CLLAs) formation for levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOS) production. Dialdehyde starch-tapioca (DAST) was successfully developed and used to cross-link levanase to form CLLAs-D and with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form CLLAs-DB which showed activity recoveries of 65.6% and 81.6%, respectively. After cross-linking, the pH (6-10) and thermal stability (30-40 °C) increased, and organic solvent tolerance resulted in the activation of CLLAs. Likewise, CLLAs-DB had higher substrate affinity and accessibility and a higher effectiveness factors than CLLAs-D. The total L-FOS yield of CLLAs-DB (78.9% (w/v)) was higher than that of CLLAs-D (62.4% (w/v)). Therefore, as a cross-linker, DAST may have application prospects as a promising and green biocatalyst for product formation.
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