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Li Y, Li S, Du X, Qu H, Wang J, Bian P, Zhang H, Chen S. A novel semi-flexible coaxial nozzle based on fluid dynamics effects and its self-centering performance study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15606. [PMID: 38971868 PMCID: PMC11227544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Coaxial nozzles are widely used to produce fibers with core-shell structures. However, conventional coaxial nozzles cannot adjust the coaxiality of the inner and outer needles in real-time during the fiber production process, resulting in uneven fiber wall thickness and poor quality. Therefore, we proposed an innovative semi-flexible coaxial nozzle with a dynamic self-centering function. This new design addresses the challenge of ensuring the coaxiality of the inner and outer needles of the coaxial nozzle. First, based on the principles of fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction, a self-centering model for a coaxial nozzle is established. Second, the influence of external fluid velocity and inner needle elastic modulus on the centering time and coaxiality error is analyzed by finite element simulation. Finally, the self-centering performance of the coaxial nozzle is verified by observing the coaxial extrusion process online and measuring the wall thickness of the formed hollow fiber. The results showed that the coaxiality error increased with the increase of Young's modulus E and decreased with the increase of flow velocity. The centering time required for the inner needle to achieve force balance decreases with the increase of Young's modulus ( E ) and fluid velocity ( v f ). The nozzle exhibits significant self-centering performance, dynamically reducing the initial coaxiality error from 380 to 60 μm within 26 s. Additionally, it can mitigate the coaxiality error caused by manufacturing and assembly precision, effectively controlling them within 8 μm. Our research provides valuable references and solutions for addressing issues such as uneven fiber wall thickness caused by coaxiality errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Shilei Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobo Du
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Haijun Qu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Pingyan Bian
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuisheng Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
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Yang J, Chen Y, Zhao L, Zhang J, Luo H. Constructions and Properties of Physically Cross-Linked Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2137525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jueying Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Luo
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Enggi CK, Mahardika F, Devara DM, Saputra MD, Wafiah N, Raihan M, Permana AD. HPLC-UV method validation for quantification of β-carotene in the development of sustained release supplement formulation containing solid dispersion-floating gel in situ. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115041. [PMID: 36152490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the health benefits of β-carotene, its activity has been hampered by poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a new approach to overcome these problems. In this study, we developed a dry powder supplement comprising a combination approach of solid dispersion and floating gel in situ of β-carotene to enhance the solubility and achieve sustained release behavior. Here, we validated an HPLC method to quantify β-carotene as per the guidelines from ICH. The analytical method was validated in methanol and Fasted-State Simulated Gastric Fluid (FaSSGF) to determine β-carotene in recovery and in vitro release studies, respectively. A simple HPLC method using Xselect CSH™ C18 column (Waters, 3.0 × 150 mm) with the particle size of 3.5 µm was validated with 100% acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The calibration curves were found to be linear with LLOQ values < 3 ng/mL. Importantly, the method was accurate and precise without a carry over effect and successfully applied to determine the β-carotene concentration in the content analysis of the compound and in vitro drug release from floating gel in situ laden with solid dispersion formulations. The sensitivity of the method obtained here offers a wide potential use in various applications in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fitrah Mahardika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nurfadilla Wafiah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Raihan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092784. [PMID: 35566146 PMCID: PMC9100145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and particularly 3D printing (3DP) have achieved a decade of success in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Highly innovative personalized therapeutical solutions may be designed and manufactured through a layer-by-layer approach starting from a digital model realized according to the needs of a specific patient or a patient group. The combination of patient-tailored drug dose, dosage, or diagnostic form (shape and size) and drug release adjustment has the potential to ensure the optimal patient therapy. Among the different 3D printing techniques, extrusion-based technologies, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and semi solid extrusion (SSE), are the most investigated for their high versatility, precision, feasibility, and cheapness. This review provides an overview on different 3DP techniques to produce personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices, highlighting, for each method, the critical printing process parameters, the main starting materials, as well as advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the recent developments of fused filament fabrication and semi solid extrusion 3DP are discussed. In this regard, the current state of the art, based on a detailed literature survey of the different 3D products printed via extrusion-based techniques, envisioning future directions in the clinical applications and diffusion of such systems, is summarized.
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Kulinowski P, Malczewski P, Łaszcz M, Baran E, Milanowski B, Kuprianowicz M, Dorożyński P. Development of Composite, Reinforced, Highly Drug-Loaded Pharmaceutical Printlets Manufactured by Selective Laser Sintering-In Search of Relevant Excipients for Pharmaceutical 3D Printing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062142. [PMID: 35329594 PMCID: PMC8950795 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing by selective laser sintering (SLS) of high-dose drug delivery systems using pure brittle crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is possible but impractical. Currently used pharmaceutical grade excipients, including polymers, are primarily designed for powder compression, ensuring good mechanical properties. Using these excipients for SLS usually leads to poor mechanical properties of printed tablets (printlets). Composite printlets consisting of sintered carbon-stained polyamide (PA12) and metronidazole (Met) were manufactured by SLS to overcome the issue. The printlets were characterized using DSC and IR spectroscopy together with an assessment of mechanical properties. Functional properties of the printlets, i.e., drug release in USP3 and USP4 apparatus together with flotation assessment, were evaluated. The printlets contained 80 to 90% of Met (therapeutic dose ca. 600 mg), had hardness above 40 N (comparable with compressed tablets) and were of good quality with internal porous structure, which assured flotation. The thermal stability of the composite material and the identity of its constituents were confirmed. Elastic PA12 mesh maintained the shape and structure of the printlets during drug dissolution and flotation. Laser speed and the addition of an osmotic agent in low content influenced drug release virtually not changing composition of the printlet; time to release 80% of Met varied from 0.5 to 5 h. Composite printlets consisting of elastic insoluble PA12 mesh filled with high content of crystalline Met were manufactured by 3D SLS printing. Dissolution modification by the addition of an osmotic agent was demonstrated. The study shows the need to define the requirements for excipients dedicated to 3D printing and to search for appropriate materials for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kulinowski
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland; (P.K.); (P.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Piotr Malczewski
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland; (P.K.); (P.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Marta Łaszcz
- Department of Falsified Medicines and Medical Devices, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Baran
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland; (P.K.); (P.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Bartłomiej Milanowski
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
- GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o.o., Na Kępie 3, 64-360 Zbąszyń, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kuprianowicz
- GENERICA Pharmaceutical Lab, Regionalne Centrum Zdrowia Sp. z o.o., Na Kępie 3, 64-360 Zbąszyń, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Dorożyński
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Spectroscopic Methods, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Floating Ricobendazole Delivery Systems: A 3D Printing Method by Co-Extrusion of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031280. [PMID: 35163203 PMCID: PMC8835811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the use of benzimidazole drugs in veterinary medicine is strongly limited by both pharmacokinetics and formulative issues. In this research, the possibility of applying an innovative semi-solid extrusion 3D printing process in a co-axial configuration was speculated, with the aim of producing a new gastro-retentive dosage form loaded with ricobendazole. To obtain the drug delivery system (DDS), the ionotropic gelation of alginate in combination with a divalent cation during the extrusion was exploited. Two feeds were optimized in accordance with the printing requirements and the drug chemical properties: the crosslinking ink, i.e., a water ethanol mixture containing CaCl2 at two different ratios 0.05 M and 0.1 M, hydroxyethyl cellulose 2% w/v, Tween 85 0.1% v/v and Ricobendazole 5% w/v; and alginate ink, i.e., a sodium alginate solution at 6% w/v. The characterization of the dried DDS obtained from the extrusion of gels containing different amounts of calcium chloride showed a limited effect on the ink extrudability of the crosslinking agent, which on the contrary strongly influenced the final properties of the DDS, with a difference in the polymeric matrix toughness and resulting effects on floating time and drug release.
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Falcone G, Mazzei P, Piccolo A, Esposito T, Mencherini T, Aquino RP, Del Gaudio P, Russo P. Advanced printable hydrogels from pre-crosslinked alginate as a new tool in semi solid extrusion 3D printing process. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118746. [PMID: 34823778 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to overcome alginate shape fidelity issue during the semisolid extrusion 3D printing and matrix collapsing after drying, we speculated that a pre-crosslinking step of the alginate ink-gel with low amount of Ca+2 could improve the hydrogel performance. To verify this, the influence of pre-crosslinker concentration (10-25 mM) on the ink gel rheological properties were studied and flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties were determined. The developed ink gels were fully characterised by DSC and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Moreover, extrudability and the shape retention of extruded forms after printing and after drying were studied. The rheological and MRI data, combined with the morphological analysis of printed forms allowed us to identify the relationship between printability, shape retention and shear thinning behaviour of gels, showing good extrudability for all the pre-crosslinked gels with a calcium concentration between 0.15 and 0.25, corresponding to both egg-box dimers and multimers interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Falcone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno (SA), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Interdepartmental Research Center on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agro-food and New Materials (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy; Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Rita P Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Paola Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Zamboulis A, Michailidou G, Koumentakou I, Bikiaris DN. Polysaccharide 3D Printing for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:145. [PMID: 35057041 PMCID: PMC8778081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has gained considerable interest due to its versatility regarding design as well as in the large choice of materials. It is a powerful tool in the field of personalized pharmaceutical treatment, particularly crucial for pediatric and geriatric patients. Polysaccharides are abundant and inexpensive natural polymers, that are already widely used in the food industry and as excipients in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Due to their intrinsic properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, etc., polysaccharides are largely investigated as matrices for drug delivery. Although an increasing number of interesting reviews on additive manufacturing and drug delivery are being published, there is a gap concerning the printing of polysaccharides. In this article, we will review recent advances in the 3D printing of polysaccharides focused on drug delivery applications. Among the large family of polysaccharides, the present review will particularly focus on cellulose and cellulose derivatives, chitosan and sodium alginate, printed by fused deposition modeling and extrusion-based printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (I.K.)
| | | | | | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (I.K.)
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3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091524. [PMID: 34575600 PMCID: PMC8468559 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.
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