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Tang Z, Lin X, Yu M, Yang J, Li S, Mondal AK, Wu H. A review of cellulose-based catechol-containing functional materials for advanced applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131243. [PMID: 38554917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
With the increment in global energy consumption and severe environmental pollution, it is urgently needed to explore green and sustainable materials. Inspired by nature, catechol groups in mussel adhesion proteins have been successively understood and utilized as novel biomimetic materials. In parallel, cellulose presents a wide class of functional materials rating from macro-scale to nano-scale components. The cross-over among both research fields alters the introduction of impressive materials with potential engineering properties, where catechol-containing materials supply a general stage for the functionalization of cellulose or cellulose derivatives. In this review, the role of catechol groups in the modification of cellulose and cellulose derivatives is discussed. A broad variety of advanced applications of cellulose-based catechol-containing materials, including adhesives, hydrogels, aerogels, membranes, textiles, pulp and papermaking, composites, are presented. Furthermore, some critical remaining challenges and opportunities are studied to mount the way toward the rational purpose and applications of cellulose-based catechol-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwu Tang
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Xinxing Lin
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Yu
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China; College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Jinbei Yang
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Shiqian Li
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
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2
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An Q, Ren J, Jia X, Qu S, Zhang N, Li X, Fan G, Pan S, Zhang Z, Wu K. Anisotropic materials based on carbohydrate polymers: A review of fabrication strategies, properties, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121801. [PMID: 38368095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic structures exist in almost all living organisms to endow them with superior properties and physiological functionalities. However, conventional artificial materials possess unordered isotropic structures, resulting in limited functions and applications. The development of anisotropic structures on carbohydrates is reported to have an impact on their properties and applications. In this review, various alignment strategies for carbohydrates (i.e., cellulose, chitin and alginate) from bottom-up to top-down strategies are discussed, including the rapidly developed innovative technologies such as shear-induced orientation through extrusion-based 3D/4D printing, magnetic-assisted alignment, and electric-induced alignment. The unique properties and wide applications of anisotropic carbohydrate materials across different fields, from biomedical, biosensors, smart actuators, soft conductive materials, to thermal management are also summarized. Finally, recommendations on the selection of fabrication strategies are given. The major challenge lies in the construction of long-range hierarchical alignment with high orientation degree and precise control over complicated architectures. With the future development of hierarchical alignment strategies, alignment control techniques, and alignment mechanism elucidation, the potential of anisotropic carbohydrate materials for scalable manufacture and clinical applications will be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingnan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shasha Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
| | - Kangning Wu
- Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
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3
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Sun L, Zhou J, Lai J, Zheng X, Zhang LM. Multifunctional chitosan-based gel sponge with efficient antibacterial, hemostasis and strong adhesion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128505. [PMID: 38040147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing wound dressings with solid adhesive properties that enable efficient, painless hemostasis and prevent wound infection remain a huge challenge. Herein, the tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl glycine-modified chitosan derivative (CTMG) was prepared and freeze-dried after simply adjusting the concentration of CTMG to obtain the chitosan-based gel sponge with desired multi-hollow structure, special antibacterial and biocompatibility. The adhesion strength on porcine skin was impressive up to 113 KPa, much higher than fibrin glue. It can withstand the pressure that far exceeds blood pressure. CTMG exhibits bacteriostatic abilities as demonstrated in a bacteriostatic assay, and alongside biocompatibility, as shown in cytotoxicity and hemolytic assays. Moreover, CTMG gel sponge showed hemostatic properties in both in vivo and in vitro hemostasis experiments. During an experiment on liver hemorrhage in rats, CTMG gel sponge proved to be more effective in controlling bleeding than other hemostatic sponges available on the market, indicating its promising hemostatic properties. CTMG gel sponge possesses the potential to function as a wound dressing and hemostatic material, making it suitable for various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Sun
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jieying Lai
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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4
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Morozova SM, Gevorkian A, Kumacheva E. Design, characterization and applications of nanocolloidal hydrogels. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37464914 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanocolloidal gels (NCGs) are an emerging class of soft matter, in which nanoparticles act as building blocks of the colloidal network. Chemical or physical crosslinking enables NCG synthesis and assembly from a broad range of nanoparticles, polymers, and low-molecular weight molecules. The synergistic properties of NCGs are governed by nanoparticle composition, dimensions and shape, the mechanism of nanoparticle bonding, and the NCG architecture, as well as the nature of molecular crosslinkers. Nanocolloidal gels find applications in soft robotics, bioengineering, optically active coatings and sensors, optoelectronic devices, and absorbents. This review summarizes currently scattered aspects of NCG formation, properties, characterization, and applications. We describe the diversity of NCG building blocks, discuss the mechanisms of NCG formation, review characterization techniques, outline NCG fabrication and processing methods, and highlight most common NCG applications. The review is concluded with the discussion of perspectives in the design and development of NCGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Morozova
- N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5/1 2-nd Baumanskaya street, 105005, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto, 80 Saint George street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Albert Gevorkian
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto, 80 Saint George street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto, 80 Saint George street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto, 200 College street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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5
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Zhang Z, Ahmed AIS, Malik MZ, Ali N, Khan A, Ali F, Hassan MO, Mohamed BA, Zdarta J, Bilal M. Cellulose/inorganic nanoparticles-based nano-biocomposite for abatement of water and wastewater pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137483. [PMID: 36513201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials offer a significant role in wastewater treatment with diminished capital and operational expense, low dose, and pollutant selectivity. Specifically, the nanocomposites of cellulose with inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn a prodigious interest because of the extraordinary cellulose properties, high specific surface area, and pollutant selectivity of NPs. Integrating inorganic NPs with cellulose biopolymers for wastewater treatment is a promising advantage for inorganic NPs, such as colloidal stability, agglomeration prevention, and easy isolation of magnetic material after use. This article presents a comprehensive overview of water treatment approaches following wastewater remediation by green and environmentally friendly cellulose/inorganic nanoparticles-based bio-nanocomposites. The functionalization of cellulose, functionalization mechanism, and engineered hybrid materials were thoroughly discussed. Moreover, we also highlighted the purification of wastewater through the composites of cellulose/inorganic nanoparticles via adsorption, photocatalytic and antibacterial approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Abdulrazaq Ibrahim Said Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Malik
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, KPK, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Osman Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Badr A Mohamed
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cairo University, El-Gamma Street, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
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Zheng Y, Zhang L, Duan B. Anisotropic chitosan/tunicate cellulose nanocrystals hydrogel with tunable interference color and acid-responsiveness. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119866. [PMID: 35988983 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A robust chitosan/tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs) anisotropic hydrogel with bright interference colors was fabricated via combining the prestretching orientation method and chemically-physically dual cross-linking. The oriented regenerated chitosan nanofibrous network enabled the TCNCs alignment by covalent interaction and hydrogen bonding. The stretching alignment endows the chitosan/TCNCs hydrogel with enhanced tensile strength, from 0.63 MPa (draw ratio 1.0) to 2.06 MPa (draw ratio 3.5). Moreover, the orientation of chitosan nanofibers led to birefringence appearance, which could be regulated with the TCNCs introduction or draw ratios. The hydrogel swelled completely in 2 min in pH = 3 solution and the interference color disappeared. The oriented chitosan/TCNCs hydrogels showed distinct color change under acid stimulation, which could be quantitatively measured or directly observed under crossed polarizers. This work demonstrated a strategy for fabricating the interference color regulatable hydrogels with acid-response property for sensors and environmental monitoring.
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Key Words
- Acid-response
- Ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (NH(4)OH, AR, PubChem CID: 14923)
- Anisotropic hydrogel
- Chitosan
- Epichlorohydrin (ECH, AR, PubChem CID: 7835)
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl, AR, PubChem CID: 313)
- Hydrogen peroxide 30 % aqueous solution (H(2)O(2), AR, PubChem CID: 784)
- Interference color
- Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H(2)O, AR, PubChem CID: 168937)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH, AR, PubChem CID: 14797)
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, AR, PubChem CID: 14798)
- Sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4), GR, PubChem CID: 1118)
- TCNCs
- Urea (AR, PubChem CID: 1176)
- tert-Butanol (AR, PubChem CID: 6386)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bo Duan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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7
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Chai F, Zhang R, Min X, Yang Z, Chai L, Zhao F. Highly efficient removal of arsenic (III/V) from groundwater using nZVI functionalized cellulose nanocrystals fabricated via a bioinspired strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156937. [PMID: 35753491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) to purify groundwater contaminated by arsenic species [As(III/V)] is an efficient technology, but the fast and severe aggregation of nZVI limits its practical applications. Herein, nZVI was anchored onto the mussel-inspired polydopamine-coated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs-PDA-nZVI) as an efficient material for As groundwater remediation. In this set, the introduction of nZVI was expected to significantly enhance the arsenic removal property, while cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) endowed nZVI with ultrahigh dispersibility. The batch results showed that the maximum As adsorption capacities of CNCs-PDA-nZVI (i.e., 333.3 mg g-1 and 250.0 mg g-1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively) were ten times higher compared with those of pristine CNCs. The kinetics results revealed that chemical adsorption was dominant for As adsorption. The isotherms indicated that a homogeneous adsorption for As(III) and heterogenous adsorption for As(V) on the surface of CNCs-PDA-nZVI. The removal mechanisms for As by CNCs-PDA-nZVI included adsorption-oxidation, coprecipitation and inner-sphere complexation. Overall, the excellent arsenic removal efficiency makes CNCs-PDA-nZVI a promising material for the remediation of As polluted groundwater, and this in-situ anchoring strategy can be extended to overcome the aggregation bottleneck of other nanoparticles for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chai
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP), School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP), School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaobo Min
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP), School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP), School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP), School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Feiping Zhao
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP), School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
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Huang J, Wu D, Xiong X. Preparation of a composite hydrogel of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fiber with anisotropic properties for sustained drug release. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Danpin Wu
- Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co., Ltd. Xiamen China
| | - Xiaopeng Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
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9
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Idumah CI. Recently Emerging Trends in Magnetic Polymer Hydrogel Nanoarchitectures. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2033769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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Yan G, He S, Chen G, Ma S, Zeng A, Chen B, Yang S, Tang X, Sun Y, Xu F, Lin L, Zeng X. Highly Flexible and Broad-Range Mechanically Tunable All-Wood Hydrogels with Nanoscale Channels via the Hofmeister Effect for Human Motion Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:84. [PMID: 35348885 PMCID: PMC8964865 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wood-based hydrogel with a unique anisotropic structure is an attractive soft material, but the presence of rigid crystalline cellulose in natural wood makes the hydrogel less flexible. In this study, an all-wood hydrogel was constructed by cross-linking cellulose fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains, and lignin molecules through the Hofmeister effect. The all-wood hydrogel shows a high tensile strength of 36.5 MPa and a strain up to ~ 438% in the longitudinal direction, which is much higher than its tensile strength (~ 2.6 MPa) and strain (~ 198%) in the radial direction, respectively. The high mechanical strength of all-wood hydrogels is mainly attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding, physical entanglement, and van der Waals forces between lignin molecules, cellulose nanofibers, and PVA chains. Thanks to its excellent flexibility, good conductivity, and sensitivity, the all-wood hydrogel can accurately distinguish diverse macroscale or subtle human movements, including finger flexion, pulse, and swallowing behavior. In particular, when "An Qi" was called four times within 15 s, two variations of the pronunciation could be identified. With recyclable, biodegradable, and adjustable mechanical properties, the all-wood hydrogel is a multifunctional soft material with promising applications, such as human motion monitoring, tissue engineering, and robotics materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Yan
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiming He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper-Making Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglin Chen
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuliang Yang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Tang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
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