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Wang S, Tang Y, Kou X, Chen J, Edgar KJ. Dextran Macroinitiator for Synthesis of Polysaccharide- b-Polypeptide Block Copolymers via NCA Ring-Opening Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3122-3130. [PMID: 38696355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis of polysaccharide-b-polypeptide block copolymers represents an attractive goal because of their promising potential in delivery applications. Inspired by recent breakthroughs in N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring-opening polymerization (ROP), we present an efficient approach for preparation of a dextran-based macroinitiator and the subsequent synthesis of dextran-b-polypeptides via NCA ROP. This is an original approach to creating and employing a native polysaccharide macroinitiator for block copolymer synthesis. In this strategy, regioselective (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation of the sole primary alcohol located at the C-6 position of the monosaccharide at the nonreducing end of linear dextran results in a carboxylic acid. This motif is then transformed into a tetraalkylammonium carboxylate, thereby generating the dextran macroinitiator. This macroinitiator initiates a wide range of NCA monomers and produces dextran-b-polypeptides with a degree of polymerization (DP) of the polypeptide up to 70 in a controlled manner (Đ < 1.3). This strategy offers several distinct advantages, including preservation of the original dextran backbone structure, relatively rapid polymerization, and moisture tolerance. The dextran-b-polypeptides exhibit interesting self-assembly behavior. Their nanostructures have been investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and adjustment of the structure of block copolymers allows self-assembly of spherical micelles and worm-like micelles with varied diameters and aspect ratios, revealing a range of diameters from 60 to 160 nm. Moreover, these nanostructures exhibit diverse morphologies, including spherical micelles and worm-like micelles, enabling delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Kou
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, Analyses and Testing Center, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Zhou Y, Yao Y, Zhai Z, Mohamed MA, Mazzini F, Qi Q, Bortner MJ, Taylor LS, Edgar KJ. Reductive amination of oxidized hydroxypropyl cellulose with ω-aminoalkanoic acids as an efficient route to zwitterionic derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121699. [PMID: 38220336 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers, with their equal amounts of cationic and anionic functional groups, have found widespread utility including as non-fouling coatings, hydrogel materials, stabilizers, antifreeze materials, and drug carriers. Polysaccharide-derived zwitterionic polymers are attractive because of their sustainable origin, potential for lower toxicity, and possible biodegradability, but previous methods for synthesis of zwitterionic polysaccharide derivatives have been limited in terms of flexibility and attainable degree of substitution (DS) of charged entities. We report herein successful design and synthesis of zwitterionic polysaccharide derivatives, in this case based on cellulose, by reductive amination of oxidized 2-hydroxypropyl cellulose (Ox-HPC) with ω-aminoalkanoic acids. Reductive amination products could be readily obtained with DS(cation) (= DS(anion)) up to 1.6. Adduct hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance (amphiphilicity) can be influenced by selecting the appropriate chain length of the ω-aminoalkanoic acid. This strategy is shown to produce a range of amphiphilic, water-soluble, moderately high glass transition temperature (Tg) polysaccharide derivatives in just a couple of efficient steps from commercially available building blocks. The adducts were evaluated as crystallization inhibitors. They are strong inhibitors of crystallization even for the challenging, poorly soluble, fast-crystallizing prostate cancer drug enzalutamide, as supported by surface tension and Flory-Huggins interaction parameter results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.
| | - Yimin Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Zhenghao Zhai
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Mennatallah A Mohamed
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Fiorella Mazzini
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Qingqing Qi
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
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Ma Y, Morozova SM, Kumacheva E. From Nature-Sourced Polysaccharide Particles to Advanced Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312707. [PMID: 38391153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides constitute over 90% of the carbohydrate mass in nature, which makes them a promising feedstock for manufacturing sustainable materials. Polysaccharide particles (PSPs) are used as effective scavengers, carriers of chemical and biological cargos, and building blocks for the fabrication of macroscopic materials. The biocompatibility and degradability of PSPs are advantageous for their uses as biomaterials with more environmental friendliness. This review highlights the progresses in PSP applications as advanced functional materials, by describing PSP extraction, preparation, and surface functionalization with a variety of functional groups, polymers, nanoparticles, and biologically active species. This review also outlines the fabrication of PSP-derived macroscopic materials, as well as their applications in soft robotics, sensing, scavenging, water harvesting, drug delivery, and bioengineering. The paper is concluded with an outlook providing perspectives in the development and applications of PSP-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sofia M Morozova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Center of Fluid Physics and Soft Matter, N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5/1 2-nd Baumanskaya street, Moscow, 105005, Russia
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
- The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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Gao B, Zhang C, Dong R, Chen Y, Zhang S. Facile fabrication of reusable starch sponge with adjustable crosslinked networks for efficient nest-trap and in situ photodegrade methylene blue. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121342. [PMID: 37839847 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of reusable natural polysaccharide sponges with nanoscale dispersed photocatalysts to achieve robust photocatalytic efficiency is desirable yet challenging. Herein, inspired by the nesting behavior when fishing, we designed reusable starch sponge with chemically anchored nano-ZnO into carboxylated starch matrix by thermoplastic interfacial reactions and solvent replacement for absorbing and photodegrading methylene blue (MB) in situ. The plasticization and interfacial reactions promoted a simultaneous increase in the reactivity of the starch hydroxyl/carboxyl groups and the specific surface area of ZnO. Meanwhile, the crosslinked networks of starch sponge could be adjusted by varying the ZnO and carboxylic groups contents. The results of photodegradation experiments revealed the recyclable closed-loop process of attraction-trapping-photodegradation of MB was successfully realized, achieving the effect of killing three birds with one stone. The reusable starch sponge with homogeneous dispersion of nano-ZnO by constructing three-dimensional porous channels possessed the high enrichment capacity and the remarkable photocatalysis efficiency with 150 mg/L ZnO. Under UV irradiation, the starch sponge degraded 97 % of MB with 1.67 × 10-3 min-1 photodegradation rate constant even after five cycles, which exceeded most existing photocatalytic systems. Overall, the reusable starch sponge with adjustable structure provided new insights for multifunctional bio-based photocatalyst loading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Gao
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Congyun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ran Dong
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuidong Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Zhai Z, Zhou Y, Korovich AG, Hall BA, Yoon HY, Yao Y, Zhang J, Bortner MJ, Roman M, Madsen LA, Edgar KJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Reducing-End Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37262428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific modification is a great challenge for polysaccharide scientists. Chemo- and regioselective modification of polysaccharide chains can provide many useful natural-based materials and help us illuminate fundamental structure-property relationships of polysaccharide derivatives. The hemiacetal reducing end of a polysaccharide is in equilibrium with its ring-opened aldehyde form, making it the most uniquely reactive site on the polysaccharide molecule, ideal for regioselective decoration such as imine formation. However, all natural polysaccharides, whether they are branched or not, have only one reducing end per chain, which means that only one aldehyde-reactive substituent can be added. We introduce a new approach to selective functionalization of polysaccharides as an entrée to useful materials, appending multiple reducing ends to each polysaccharide molecule. Herein, we reduce the approach to practice using amide formation. Amine groups on monosaccharides such as glucosamine or galactosamine can react with carboxyl groups of polysaccharides, whether natural uronic acids like alginates, or derivatives with carboxyl-containing substituents such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or carboxymethyl dextran (CMD). Amide formation is assisted using the coupling agent 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM). By linking the C2 amines of monosaccharides to polysaccharides in this way, a new class of polysaccharide derivatives possessing many reducing ends can be obtained. We refer to this class of derivatives as multi-reducing-end polysaccharides (MREPs). This new family of derivatives creates the potential for designing polysaccharide-based materials with many potential applications, including in hydrogels, block copolymers, prodrugs, and as reactive intermediates for other derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Zhai
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrew G Korovich
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Brady A Hall
- GlycoMIP, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Hu Young Yoon
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yimin Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Junchen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Maren Roman
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Oxidized hydroxypropyl cellulose/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels permit pH-responsive, targeted drug release. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 300:120213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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