Preparation of mosquito repellent, antibacterial and UV protective cotton using a novel, chitosan-based polymeric dye

Boric acid crosslinked chitosan microcapsules loaded with frankincense oil for the development of mosquito-repellent, antibacterial, antioxidant, and flame-retardant cotton

In ancient times, textiles were only used for covering the human body. Nowadays, people are looking for functional textiles to provide additional functional properties. In the present work, an attempt was made to develop chitosan and boric acid-based microcapsules loaded with frankincense oil. Application of these microcapsules was done on cotton using a pad-dry method. The release rate, encapsulation efficiency and microencapsulation yield of microcapsules, and functional properties of finished fabric were studied. The prepared microcapsules were also characterised by different techniques like SEM, FTIR, TGA, and EDX. The finished fabric exhibited mosquito repellency (100 %), antioxidant activity (>66 %), antibacterial activity against E. coli (88.69 %) and S. aureus (94.5 %), and LOI of 24 with a pleasant aroma.

Mosquito repellent fabric: Development and characterization of peppermint and garlic mixture finish on knitted fabric to examine mosquito repellency

Mosquito-repellent textiles are a part of protective textiles which help in protection from the species that are prone to cause diseases like malaria and dengue fever. This study explored the possibility of natural extract (alcoholic) from peppermint leaves, stems, and garlic cloves to use as a mosquito-repellent finish material on knit fabric. Accordingly, different concentration (5%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) of PGE (Peppermint Garlic Extract) solution was prepared and applied to the developed fabric using an exhaust dyeing process to assess the mosquito (Aedes Aegypti L.) repellency performance. Following WHO (World Health Organization) standard (cone bioassay) and a self-modified cage technique from literature survey, mosquito protection and repellency tests have been performed for characterization. The findings revealed that the PGE-treated fabric samples C (25% PGE) and D (35% PGE) had the highest mosquito mortality (50.00% and 76.67%, respectively) and repellency (78.6% and 85.6%, respectively) rates. Moreover, this study evaluated the prepared PGE formulations' shelf-life performance and colorfastness properties of PGE-treated fabrics, including the impact of washing cycles on the treated fabrics. There was no fungal growth, and the fabric showed excellent colorfastness properties. However, the efficacy of treated fabrics decreased with an increasing number of washes.

Synthesis of a Novel Cationic Dye to Impart Mosquito-Repellent and UV Protection to an Acrylic Fabric

The growing demand for innovative routes to develop functional textiles initiated the necessity of new efficient functional molecules. Dyes can provide durable functional protection to textiles due to their ability to generate strong dye-fiber interaction. New dyes to improve a dyed substrate's quality and aesthetic appearance are in huge demand. This research aims to prepare a mosquito-repellent and UV-protective acrylic fabric using a novel cationic (basic) dye. The cationic dye was synthesized and thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and CHN analysis. The dye was further used for the dyeing of the acrylic fabric by using an infrared dyeing machine. To analyze the suitability of dyed fabrics for daily use, washing, rubbing, and light fastness of dyed fabrics were determined. The amount of dye (%) taken up by the acrylic fabric (exhaustion %) was determined, and more than 72% of exhaustion was obtained. The fixation (%) of the dye on acrylic fabrics was also quantified, and more than 80% fixation was obtained. The coloration properties of the dyed fabrics (L*, a*, b*, and K/S) were examined. The dyed fabrics showed a K/S of more than 3. The mosquito-repellent action provided by the dyed fabrics was also analyzed, and 100% repellency was obtained. The dyed fabrics provided an excellent UV-protective property. The multifunctional properties of dyed fabrics were retained significantly even after laundering treatments. The dyed fabrics were characterized using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. A reduction in crystalline peak intensity after dyeing was obtained. The dyed and undyed fabrics were also tested for their tensile strength.

Progress in Research of Chitosan Chemical Modification Technologies and Their Applications

Chitosan, which is derived from chitin, is the only known natural alkaline cationic polymer. Chitosan is a biological material that can significantly improve the living standard of the country. It has excellent properties such as good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cell affinity, and has excellent biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and hemostasis. In recent years, the demand has increased significantly in many fields and has huge application potential. Due to the poor water solubility of chitosan, its wide application is limited. However, chemical modification of the chitosan matrix structure can improve its solubility and biological activity, thereby expanding its application range. The review covers the period from 1996 to 2022 and was elaborated by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, ACS publications, MDPI, Web of Science, Springer, and other databases. The various chemical modification methods of chitosan and its main activities and application research progress were reviewed. In general, the modification of chitosan and the application of its derivatives have had great progress, such as various reactions, optimization of conditions, new synthetic routes, and synthesis of various novel multifunctional chitosan derivatives. The chemical properties of modified chitosan are usually better than those of unmodified chitosan, so chitosan derivatives have been widely used and have more promising prospects. This paper aims to explore the latest progress in chitosan chemical modification technologies and analyze the application of chitosan and its derivatives in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and textiles, thus providing a basis for further development and utilization of chitosan.