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Zhang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Tang X, Lu X. Preparation and properties of hydrogel photonic crystals assembled by biodegradable nanogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:554-565. [PMID: 38428113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Thermally induced physical hydrogels formed through the sol-gel transition of nanogels usually lose structural color above phase transition temperature (Tp). Herein, temperature/pH/redox-responsive nanogels that undergo sol-gel transition still keep structural colors above the Tp have been synthesized and studied. N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) was copolymerized with N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBA) and N-acrylamido-l-phenylalanine (Aphe) to form P(NIPAm/TBA/Aphe) nanogel crosslinked with N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystine (BISS) (referred to as PNTA-BISS). PNTA-BISS nanogel with a broad range of biodegradable crosslinker BISS content can achieve a reversible sol-gel transition above the Tp, surprisingly, while PNTA nanogels with a comparable content of biodegradable N,N'-Bis(acryloyl)cystam (BAC) crosslinker (referred to as PNTA-BAC) didn't form sol-gel transition. Although BISS and BAC possess same disulfide bonds with redox properties, BISS, unlike BAC, is water-soluble and features two carboxyl groups. The mechanism by which PNTA-BISS nanogels form hydrogel photonic crystals has been deeply explored with temperature-variable NMR. The results showed the introduction of Aphe with both steric hindrance and carboxyl groups greatly slowed down the shrinkage of PNTA-BISS nanogels. Therefore, PNTA-BISS nanogels can form sol-gel transition and further structural color of hydrogel photonic crystals due to carboxyl groups above the Tp. Furthermore, the properties of biodegradable hydrogel photonic crystals above the Tp were investigated for the first time, attributed to the presence of the strong reducing agent 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT). When loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), PNTA-BISS exhibited favorable degradation properties under the influence of DTT. In summary, the PNTA-BISS nanogel, in addition to its in-situ gelation capabilities, demonstrated degradability, potentially providing a novel nanoplatform for applications in drug delivery, biotechnology, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xueting Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Fujian Nano-Micro Advanced Materials Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Jinjiang Innovation Entrepreneurship and Creativity Park, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, China; Shanghai Evanston Advanced Materials Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Yangpu, Shanghai 244000, China
| | - Youtong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xihua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Fujian Nano-Micro Advanced Materials Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Jinjiang Innovation Entrepreneurship and Creativity Park, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, China; Shanghai Evanston Advanced Materials Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Yangpu, Shanghai 244000, China.
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Guo A, Zhang S, Yang R, Sui C. Enhancing the mechanical strength of 3D printed GelMA for soft tissue engineering applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100939. [PMID: 38249436 PMCID: PMC10797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels have gained significant traction in diverse tissue engineering applications through the utilization of 3D printing technology. As an artificial hydrogel possessing remarkable processability, GelMA has emerged as a pioneering material in the advancement of tissue engineering due to its exceptional biocompatibility and degradability. The integration of 3D printing technology facilitates the precise arrangement of cells and hydrogel materials, thereby enabling the creation of in vitro models that simulate artificial tissues suitable for transplantation. Consequently, the potential applications of GelMA in tissue engineering are further expanded. In tissue engineering applications, the mechanical properties of GelMA are often modified to overcome the hydrogel material's inherent mechanical strength limitations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in enhancing the mechanical properties of GelMA at the monomer, micron, and nano scales. Additionally, the diverse applications of GelMA in soft tissue engineering via 3D printing are emphasized. Furthermore, the potential opportunities and obstacles that GelMA may encounter in the field of tissue engineering are discussed. It is our contention that through ongoing technological progress, GelMA hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength can be successfully fabricated, leading to the production of superior biological scaffolds with increased efficacy for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
| | - Shengting Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cong Sui
- Department of Trauma and Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 231200, China
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Shi Z, Liu L, Chen H, Tang C, Yu J, Fan Y. Preparation of Janus film for fog water collection via layer-by-layer assembling of nanocellulose and nanochitin on PLA. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121369. [PMID: 37940268 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the possibility of natural carbohydrate polymers as a biodegradable and sustainable fog water harvesting material, this work proposed an efficient substrate (hydrophobic)-transition layer (amphoteric)-coating (hydrophilic) sandwich spin-coating strategy to form all biomass-based Janus film. The oxalic acid hydrolyzed nanochitin (OAChN) was applied as a transition layer that enabled successful spin-coating of the hydrophilic nanocellulose (TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber, TOCN) and nanochitin (partially deacetylated chitin nanofibers, DEChN) on the hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) film substrate. In which a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembling of TOCN (carboxyl-rich negative surface charge) and DEChN (amino-rich positive surface charge) was designed to form a thickness and surface property controllable polysaccharide coating on PLA. The finally formed PLA-OAChN-TOCN/DEChN (LBL) film showed hydrophilic and hydrophobic heteromeric faces at the opposite sides and thus had improved fog water collection capacity of 90.85 mg·cm-2·h-1 (30 layers of TOCN/DEChN spin-coated on PLA), which was 276 % higher than the pure PLA film. The transition layer engaged sandwich spin-coating strategy, together with LBL assembling method proposed in this study provided a feasible fabrication of all biomass-based fog water collectors (FWC) that could contribute to alleviating water shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huangjingyi Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chong Tang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Nayak BP, Kim HJ, Nayak S, Wang W, Bu W, Mallapragada SK, Vaknin D. Assembling PNIPAM-Capped Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1659-1664. [PMID: 37991797 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Employing small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we explore the conditions under which assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) grafted with the thermosensitive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) emerges. We find that short-range order assembly emerges by combining the addition of electrolytes or polyelectrolytes with raising the temperature of the suspensions above the lower-critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. Our results show that the longer the PNIPAM chain is, the better organization in the assembled clusters. Interestingly, without added electrolytes, there is no evidence of AuNPs assembly as a function of temperature, although untethered PNIPAM is known to undergo a coil-to-globule transition above its LCST. This study demonstrates another approach to assembling potential thermosensitive nanostructures for devices by leveraging the unique properties of PNIPAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binay P Nayak
- Ames National Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hyeong Jin Kim
- Ames National Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Srikanth Nayak
- Ames National Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, U.S. DOE, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wei Bu
- NSFs ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Ames National Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - David Vaknin
- Ames National Laboratory, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Fang K, Wan Y, Wei J, Chen T. Hydrogel-Based Sensors for Human-Machine Interaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16975-16985. [PMID: 37994525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in the field of human-machine interaction. The need for accurate sensing devices with satisfactory user experiences has propelled the development of flexible, stretchable, biocompatible, and imperceptible hydrogel-based interfaces. These innovative interfaces facilitate direct interactions between humans and machines while receiving detected input signals from sensors and giving output commands to controllers, thus motivating accurate real-time responsiveness. This Perspective discusses the sensing mechanisms for the two categories of hydrogel-based sensors and summarizes the recent progress in the development of different representations of human-machine interactions, including intelligent identification, information secrecy, interactive control, and virtual reality and augmented reality technologies. The advantages of hydrogel-based systems over conventionally used rigid electrical components are explicitly discussed. The conclusion provides a perspective on current challenges and outlines a future roadmap for the realization of state-of-the-art hydrogel-based smart systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Junjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
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Seo SW, Song Y, Mustakim N. Hydrogel Micropillar Array for Temperature Sensing in Fluid. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023; 23:19021-19027. [PMID: 37664783 PMCID: PMC10471143 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3293433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized temperature sensing and control on a micron-scale have diverse applications in biological systems. We present a micron-sized hydrogel pillar array as potential temperature probes and actuators by exploiting sensitive temperature dependence of their volume change. Soft lithography-based molding processes were presented to fabricate poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (p-NIPAAm)-based hydrogel pillar array on a glass substrate. Au nanorods as light-induced heating elements were embedded within the hydrogel pillars, and near-infrared (NIR) light was used to modulate temperature in a local area. First, static responses of the micro-pillar array were characterized as a function of its temperature. It was shown that the hydrogel had a sensitive volume transition near its low critical solution temperature (LCST). Furthermore, we showed that LCST could be readily adjusted by utilizing copolymerizing with acrylamide (AAM). To demonstrate the feasibility of spatiotemporal temperature mapping and modulation using the presented pillar array, pulsed NIR light was illuminated on a local area of the hydrogel pillar array, and its responses were recorded. Dynamic temperature change in water was mapped based on the abrupt volume change characteristics of the hydrogel pillar, and its potential actuation using NIR light was successfully demonstrated. Considering that the structure can be arrayed in a two-dimensional pixel format with high spatial resolution and high sensitive temperature characteristics, the presented method and the device structure can have diverse applications to change and sense local temperatures in liquid. This is particularly useful in biological systems, where their physiological temperature can be modulated and mapped with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Seo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Youngsik Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Nafis Mustakim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
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Liao J, Wang Y, Hou B, Zhang J, Huang H. Nano-chitin reinforced agarose hydrogels: Effects of nano-chitin addition and acidic gas-phase coagulation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120902. [PMID: 37182930 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural polymers such as agarose usually show low applicability due to their weak mechanical properties. In this work, we developed a dual cross-linked agarose hydrogel by adding different amounts of TEMPO-oxidized nano-chitin (0-0.2 %) to agarose hydrogel matrices and then physically cross-linked under acidic gas-phase coagulation. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM. The effects of nano-chitin addition and acidic gas-phase coagulation on the properties of agarose hydrogels, such as gel strength, swelling degree, rheological properties, and methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity, were also studied. Structural characterizations confirmed that nano-chitin was successfully introduced into agarose hydrogels. The gel strength, storage modulus, and MB adsorption capacity of agarose hydrogels gradually increased with the increasing nano-chitin addition, whereas the swelling degree decreased. After acidic gas-phase coagulation, agarose/nano-chitin nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited improved gel strength and storage modulus, while the swelling degree and MB adsorption capacity were slightly reduced. The combination of oxidized nano-chitin and acidic gas-phase coagulation is expected to be an effective way to improve the properties of natural polymer hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China.
| | - Yijin Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Bo Hou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Huihua Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Li X, Tang X, Chen M, Wang P, Liu L, Zhang J, Fan Y. Implantable and in-vivo shape-recoverable nanocellulose-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120540. [PMID: 36737192 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been used as a filling material in medical cosmetology, but current injection hydrogels have poor shaping ability due to its fluidity, while the hydrogels with fixed shape are easy to cause large wound size, resulting in rarely used in clinical practice. An implantable and in-vivo shape-recoverable hyaluronic acid (HA) based hydrogel is developed for tissue filling. In this work, complexes were made by hydrogen bonding between two natural polysaccharides: HA and TEMPO-oxidation cellulose nano-fiber. The elastic modulus of the HA/TOCN physical crosslinking hydrogel was maintained at 2500 G' in Pa, while, when ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was introduced in the hydrogel, the elastic modulus could reach 60,000 G' in Pa. The volume of shrunk hydrogel reduced 80 ± 6 % of initial state, importantly, it can recover the shape in vivo inducing by extracellular moisture environment. Facts have proved that these shape recovery hydrogels were non-toxic to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueyu Tang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Jiangsu Opera Medical Supplies Co, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Curry F, Lim T, Fontaine NS, Adkins MD, Zhang H. Highly conductive thermoresponsive silver nanowire PNIPAM nanocomposite for reversible electrical switch. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7171-7180. [PMID: 36098069 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive nanocomposite hydrogels have been challenging to produce due to their high water volumes inhibiting the incorporation of an essential amount of conductive nanofillers. Furthermore, the most common fillers used, typically for easy integration, display small aspect ratios. Thus, the formation of interparticle pathways for electronic travel is limited, resulting in low conductivities. Here, we introduce ultralong silver nanowires (ULAgNWs) into a thermoresponsive, volume changing PNIPAM gel to form a nanocomposite that shows switchable electronic performance. The produced nanocomposite surpasses other PNIPAM nanocomposites by expressing the largest electrical switch ratio and the highest peak conductivity. The PNIPAM matrix possesses an interconnected microporous structure that offers a spacious network for the dispersion of nanowires while still maintaining a high volume switch ratio and excellent elastic behavior under extreme compression cycles (98% compression). The ULAgNWs significantly enhance the probability of more numerous connections forming during shrinking cycles. The high swellability displayed by the PNIPAM gel provides the ability to separate the embedded nanowires by many lengths. Together, they form a nanocomposite that can thermo-modulate its electrical properties. Moreover, the conductive PNIPAM maintains the electrical switch of 4.3-4.4 orders of magnitude with thermo-responsive cycles. Because of their high electrical conductivity and outstanding elastic behavior, these stimuli-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels may expand the prospects for conductive hydrogel applications and provide greater performance in their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franky Curry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
| | - Taehwan Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Nicholas S Fontaine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
| | - Michael D Adkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
| | - Huanan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
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Contemporary nanocellulose-composites: A new paradigm for sensing applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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