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Cortes Ruiz MF, Garemark J, Ritter M, Brusentsev Y, Larsson PT, Olsén P, Wågberg L. Structure-properties relationships of defined CNF single-networks crosslinked by telechelic PEGs. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122245. [PMID: 38823913 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The high structural anisotropy and colloidal stability of cellulose nanofibrils' enable the creation of self-standing fibrillar hydrogel networks at very low solid contents. Adding methacrylate moieties on the surface of TEMPO oxidized CNFs allows the formation of more robust covalently crosslinked networks by free radical polymerization of acrylic monomers, exploiting the mechanical properties of these networks more efficiently. This technique yields strong and elastic networks but with an undefined network structure. In this work, we use acrylate-capped telechelic polymers derived from the step-growth polymerization of PEG diacrylate and dithiothreitol to crosslink methacrylated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (MATO CNF). This combination resulted in flexible and strong hydrogels, as observed through rheological studies, compression and tensile loading. The structure and mechanical properties of these hydrogel networks were found to depend on the dimensions of the CNFs and polymer crosslinkers. The structure of the networks and the role of individual components were evaluated with SAXS (Small-Angle X-ray Scattering) and photo-rheology. A thorough understanding of hybrid CNF/polymer networks and how to best exploit the capacity of these networks enable further advancement of cellulose-based materials for applications in packaging, soft robotics, and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Cortes Ruiz
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Fiber Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Garemark
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Ritter
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yury Brusentsev
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi, Åbo, Finland
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Fiber Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Institutes of Sweden RISE, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biocomposites, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Fiber Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rosén T, He H, Wang R, Gordeyeva K, Motezakker AR, Fluerasu A, Söderberg LD, Hsiao BS. Exploring nanofibrous networks with x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy through a digital twin. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:014607. [PMID: 37583188 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.014607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a framework of interpreting data from x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments with the aid of numerical simulations to describe nanoscale dynamics in soft matter. This is exemplified with the transport of passive tracer gold nanoparticles in networks of charge-stabilized cellulose nanofibers. The main structure of dynamic modes in reciprocal space could be replicated with a simulated system of confined Brownian motion, a digital twin, allowing for a direct measurement of important effective material properties describing the local environment of the tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rosén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - HongRui He
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Ruifu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Korneliya Gordeyeva
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmad Reza Motezakker
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11793, USA
| | - L Daniel Söderberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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Al-Shamery N, Benselfelt T, Lee PS. Melanin and Polypyrrole-Coated Nanocellulose Hydrogel Networks for Environmental Sensing and Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37205839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are black-brown pigments of a specific class of poly indolequinones found in nature and in the human body. They are responsible for photoprotection, radical scavenging, and metal ion chelation. Recently, there has been significant interest in eumelanin as a functional material due to its macromolecular structure and the exploitation of the quinone-hydroquinone redox equilibrium. While eumelanin can be used in many promising applications, it is insoluble in most solvents, limiting its processing into homogeneous materials and coatings. A promising approach is to use a carrier system to stabilize eumelanin by incorporating cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), a nanoscopic material that originates from plant biomass. In this work, a flexible network consisting of CNFs coupled with vapor-phase polymerized conductive polypyrrole (PPy) is utilized to form a functional eumelanin hydrogel composite (MelaGel) for environmental sensing and battery applications. Flexible sensors for detecting pH or metal ions made from MelaGel can detect both pH values in a range from 4 to 10 and metal ions like zinc(II), copper(II), and iron(III), paving the way for environmental and biomedical sensor applications. The reduced internal resistance in the MelaGel leads to improved charge storage ability compared to synthetic eumelanin composite electrodes. Other noteworthy advantages of the MelaGel are the amphiphilic nature of PPy and the additionally offered redox centers. Lastly, this material was tested in aqueous electrolyte zinc coin cells, where it was shown to have charge/discharge stability for over 1200 cycles, showcasing this MelaGel composite as a promising eumelanin-based composite hybrid sensor/energy storage material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Al-Shamery
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
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Benselfelt T, Kummer N, Nordenström M, Fall AB, Nyström G, Wågberg L. The Colloidal Properties of Nanocellulose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201955. [PMID: 36650954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses are anisotropic nanoparticles of semicrystalline assemblies of glucan polymers. They have great potential as renewable building blocks in the materials platform of a more sustainable society. As a result, the research on nanocellulose has grown exponentially over the last decades. To fully utilize the properties of nanocelluloses, a fundamental understanding of their colloidal behavior is necessary. As elongated particles with dimensions in a critical nanosize range, their colloidal properties are complex, with several behaviors not covered by classical theories. In this comprehensive Review, we describe the most prominent colloidal behaviors of nanocellulose by combining experimental data and theoretical descriptions. We discuss the preparation and characterization of nanocellulose dispersions, how they form networks at low concentrations, how classical theories cannot describe their behavior, and how they interact with other colloids. We then show examples of how scientists can use this fundamental knowledge to control the assembly of nanocellulose into new materials with exceptional properties. We hope aspiring and established researchers will use this Review as a guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Malin Nordenström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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