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Lv X, Huang Y, Hu M, Wang Y, Dai D, Ma L, Zhang Y, Dai H. Recent advances in nanocellulose based hydrogels: Preparation strategy, typical properties and food application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134015. [PMID: 39038566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has been favored as one of the most promising sustainable nanomaterials, due to its competitive advantages and superior performances such as hydrophilicity, renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, tunable surface features, excellent mechanical strength, and high specific surface area. Based on the above properties of nanocellulose and the advantages of hydrogels such as high water absorption, adsorption, porosity and structural adjustability, nanocellulose based hydrogels integrating the benefits of both have attracted extensive attention as promising materials in various fields. In this review, the main fabrication strategies of nanocellulose based hydrogels are initially discussed in terms of different crosslinking methods. Then, the typical properties of nanocellulose based hydrogels are comprehensively summarized, including porous structure, swelling ability, adsorption, mechanical, self-healing, smart response performances. Especially, relying on these properties, the general application of nanocellulose based hydrogels in food field is also discussed, mainly including food packaging, food detection, nutrient embedding delivery, 3D food printing, and enzyme immobilization. Finally, the safety of nanocellulose based hydrogel is summarized, and the current challenges and future perspectives of nanocellulose based hydrogels are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Lv
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Mengtao Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Difei Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Li B, Zhu X, Xu C, Yu J, Fan Y. A tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber films by intercalation modulated plasticization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122108. [PMID: 38616082 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber was an ideal candidate for humidity actuators based on its wide availability, biocompatibility and excellent hydrophilicity. However, conventional cellulose nanofiber-based actuators faced challenges like poor water resistance, flexibility, and sensitivity. Herein, water-resistant, flexible, and highly sensitive cross-linked cellulose nanofibers (CCNF) single-layer humidity actuators with remarkable reversible humidity responsiveness were prepared by combining the green click chemistry modification and intercalation modulated plasticization (IMP). The incorporation of phenyl ring and the crosslinked network structure in CCNF films contributed to its improved water resistance and mechanical properties (with a stress increased from 85.9 ± 3.1 MPa to 141.2 ± 21.5 MPa). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced interlaminar sliding properties facilitated by IMP. This resulted in increased flexibility and toughness of CCNF films, with a strain of 11.5 % and toughness of 9.9 MJ/m3. These improvements efficiently enhanced humidity sensitivity for cellulose nanofiber, with a 4.8-fold increase in bending curvature and a response time of only 3.4 ± 0.1 s. Finally, the good humidity sensitivity of modified CNF can be easily imparted to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via simple self-assembly method, thus leading to a high-performance humidity-responsive actuator. The click chemistry modification and IMP offer a new avenue to fabricate tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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3
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Yang J, Wang Z, Ma C, Tang H, Hao H, Li M, Luo X, Yang M, Gao L, Li J. Advances in Hydrogels of Drug Delivery Systems for the Local Treatment of Brain Tumors. Gels 2024; 10:404. [PMID: 38920950 PMCID: PMC11202553 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of brain tumors presents numerous challenges, despite the employment of multimodal therapies including surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Owing to the distinct location of brain tumors and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), these tumors exhibit considerable heterogeneity and invasiveness at the histological level. Recent advancements in hydrogel research for the local treatment of brain tumors have sought to overcome the primary challenge of delivering therapeutics past the BBB, thereby ensuring efficient accumulation within brain tumor tissues. This article elaborates on various hydrogel-based delivery vectors, examining their efficacy in the local treatment of brain tumors. Additionally, it reviews the fundamental principles involved in designing intelligent hydrogels that can circumvent the BBB and penetrate larger tumor areas, thereby facilitating precise, controlled drug release. Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) are posited to offer a groundbreaking approach to addressing the challenges and limitations inherent in traditional oncological therapies, which are significantly impeded by the unique structural and pathological characteristics of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhijie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chenyan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hongyu Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Haoyang Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mengyao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xianwei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mingxin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
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Xiao M, Wang Z, Li C, Zhang K, Hou Z, Sun S, Yang L. Recent advances in drug delivery systems based on natural and synthetic polymes for treating obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129311. [PMID: 38218268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity stands as a pervasive global public health issue, posing a formidable threat to human well-being as its prevalence continues to surge year by year. Presently, pharmacological treatment remains the favored adjunct strategy for addressing obesity. However, conventional delivery methods suffer from low bioavailability and the potential for side effects, underscoring the pressing need for more efficient and targeted delivery approaches. Recent research has delved extensively into emerging drug delivery systems employing polymers as carriers, with numerous preclinical studies contributing to the growing body of knowledge. This review concentrates on the utilization of natural polymers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of obesity, encompassing recent advancements in both natural and synthetic polymers. The comprehensive exploration includes an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with these polymer carriers. The examination of these characteristics provides valuable insights into potential future developments in the field of drug delivery for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xiao
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China; College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, PR China
| | - Zongheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Liqun Yang
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China; Liaoning Research Institute for Eugenic Birth & Fertility, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110031, P.R.China.
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Li M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lin J, Ding L, Wu S, Gong J. Fabrication of targeted and pH responsive lysozyme-hyaluronan nanoparticles for 5-fluorouracil and curcumin co-delivery in colorectal cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127836. [PMID: 37931859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Green nanotechnology is considered a promising method to construct functional materials with significant anticancer activity, while overcoming the shortcomings of traditional synthesis process complexity and high organic solvents consumption. Thus, in this study, we report for the first time the rational design and green synthesis of functionalized 5-fluorouracil and curcumin co-loaded lysozyme-hyaluronan composite colloidal nanoparticles (5-Fu/Cur@LHNPs) for better targeted colorectal cancer therapy with minimized side effects. The functionalized 5-Fu/Cur@LHNPs exhibit stabilized particle size (126.1 nm) with excellent homogeneity (PDI = 0.1), favorable colloidal stabilities, and excellent re-dispersibility. In vitro cell experiments illustrate that the cellular uptake of 5-Fu/Cur@LHNPs was significantly improved and further promoted a higher apoptosis ratio of HCT-116 cells. Compared with the control group, the 5-Fu/Cur@LHNPs formulation group achieved effective inhibition (60.1 %) of colorectal tumor growth. The alcohol-free self-assembly method to construct 5-Fu/Cur@LHNPs is simple and safe for a translational chemotherapy drug, also to promote more robust delivery systems for treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China.
| | - Songgu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, PR China
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Wu H, Shao C, Shi J, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Tang R, Xie Z, Jin W. Hyaluronic acid-mediated collagen intrafibrillar mineralization and enhancement of dentin remineralization. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121174. [PMID: 37567692 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone and dentin are known to play a critical regulatory role in the induction of collagen fibril mineralization and are embedded in hyaluronic acid (HA), which acts as a water-retaining glycosaminoglycan and provides necessary biochemical and biomechanical cues. Our previous study demonstrated that HA could regulate the mineralization degree and mechanical properties of collagen fibrils, yet its kinetics dynamic mechanism on mineralization is under debate. Here, we further investigated the role of HA on collagen fibril mineralization and the possible mechanism. The HA modification can significantly promote intrafibrillar collagen mineralization by reducing the electronegativity of the collagen surface to enhance calcium ions (Ca2+) binding capacity to create a local higher supersaturation. In addition, the HA also provides additional nucleation sites and shortens the induction time of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-mediated hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallization, which benefits mineralization. The acceleration effect of HA on intrafibrillar collagen mineralization is also confirmed in collagen hydrogel and in vitro dentin remineralization. These findings offer a physicochemical view of the regulation effect of carbohydrate polymers in the body on biomineralization, the fine prospect for an ideal biomaterial to repair collagen-mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zihe Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Wenjing Jin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Yadav C, Lee JM, Mohanty P, Li X, Jang WD. Graft onto approaches for nanocellulose-based advanced functional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15108-15145. [PMID: 37712254 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of cellulose as nano-dimensional 'nanocellulose' has unlocked a sustainable bioeconomy for the development of advanced functional biomaterials. Bestowed with multifunctional attributes, such as renewability and abundance of its source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, superior mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, tunable self-assembly and surface chemistry, nanocellulose presents exclusive opportunities for a wide range of novel applications. However, to alleviate its intrinsic hydrophilicity-related constraints surface functionalization is inevitably needed to foster various targeted applications. The abundant surface hydroxyl groups on nanocellulose offer opportunities for grafting small molecules or macromolecular entities using either a 'graft onto' or 'graft from' approach, resulting in materials with distinctive functionalities. Most of the reviews published to date extensively discussed 'graft from' modification approaches, however 'graft onto' approaches are not well discussed. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of 'graft onto' approaches. Furthermore, insight into some of the recently emerging applications of this grafted nanocellulose including advanced nanocomposite formulation, stimuli-responsive materials, bioimaging, sensing, biomedicine, packaging, and wastewater treatment has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandravati Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kikani T, Dave S, Thakore S. Functionalization of hyaluronic acid for development of self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124950. [PMID: 37207760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Materials that are capable of undergoing self-repair following any physical damage or rupture due to external stimuli are identified as self-healing materials. Such materials are engineered by crosslinking the polymer backbone chains typically through reversible linkages. These reversible linkages include imines, metal-ligand coordination, polyelectrolyte interaction, disulfide, etc. These bonds are reversibly responsive to changes in various stimuli. Newer self-healing materials are now being developed in the field of biomedicine. Chitosan, cellulose, starch etc. are a few examples of polysaccharides that are generally used to synthesize such materials. Hyaluronic acid has been a very recent addition to the list of polysaccharides that are being investigated for construction of self-healing materials. It is non-toxic, non-immunogenic, has good gelation property and good injectability. Hyaluronic acid based self-healing materials are particularly employed for targeted drug delivery, protein and cell delivery, electronics, biosensors and many such biomedical applications. This review critically focuses on the functionalization of hyaluronic acid to fabricate self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications. It also explores and sums up the mechanical data as well as self-healing efficiency of the hydrogels across wide range of interactions as discussed in the review below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twara Kikani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Sanskruti Dave
- Department of Pharmacy, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Vadodara 391240, India
| | - Sonal Thakore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
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