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Melrose J. Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C810-C828. [PMID: 38223931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00683.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lachaize V, Peña B, Ciubotaru C, Cojoc D, Chen SN, Taylor MRG, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. Compromised Biomechanical Properties, Cell-Cell Adhesion and Nanotubes Communication in Cardiac Fibroblasts Carrying the Lamin A/C D192G Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9193. [PMID: 34502098 PMCID: PMC8431729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical effects induced by arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) originate from a large spectrum of genetic variations, including the missense mutation of the lamin A/C gene (LMNA), LMNA D192G. The aim of our study was to investigate the biophysical and biomechanical impact of the LMNA D192G mutation on neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts (NRVF). The main findings in mutated NRVFs were: (i) cytoskeleton disorganization (actin and intermediate filaments); (ii) decreased elasticity of NRVFs; (iii) altered cell-cell adhesion properties, that highlighted a strong effect on cellular communication, in particular on tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). In mutant-expressing fibroblasts, these nanotubes were weakened with altered mechanical properties as shown by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical tweezers. These outcomes complement prior investigations on LMNA mutant cardiomyocytes and suggest that the LMNA D192G mutation impacts the biomechanical properties of both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. These observations could explain how this mutation influences cardiac biomechanical pathology and the severity of ACM in LMNA-cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Lachaize
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Brisa Peña
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Bioscience 2 1270 E. Montview Ave., Suite 100, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catalin Ciubotaru
- Institute of Materials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR_IOM), Area Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Dan Cojoc
- Institute of Materials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR_IOM), Area Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Suet Nee Chen
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Matthew R. G. Taylor
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
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Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Insights for Improved Therapeutic Design. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7020021. [PMID: 32466575 PMCID: PMC7345706 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited disorder characterized by structural and electrical cardiac abnormalities, including myocardial fibro-fatty replacement. Its pathological ventricular substrate predisposes subjects to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). ACM is a notorious cause of SCD in young athletes, and exercise has been documented to accelerate its progression. Although the genetic culprits are not exclusively limited to the intercalated disc, the majority of ACM-linked variants reside within desmosomal genes and are transmitted via Mendelian inheritance patterns; however, penetrance is highly variable. Its natural history features an initial “concealed phase” that results in patients being vulnerable to malignant arrhythmias prior to the onset of structural changes. Lack of effective therapies that target its pathophysiology renders management of patients challenging due to its progressive nature, and has highlighted a critical need to improve our understanding of its underlying mechanistic basis. In vitro and in vivo studies have begun to unravel the molecular consequences associated with disease causing variants, including altered Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Characterization of ACM mouse models has facilitated the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches. Improved molecular insight into the condition promises to usher in novel forms of therapy that will lead to improved care at the clinical bedside.
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