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Detzner J, Gloerfeld C, Pohlentz G, Legros N, Humpf HU, Mellmann A, Karch H, Müthing J. Structural Insights into Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin (Stx) Glycosphingolipid Receptors of Porcine Renal Epithelial Cells and Inhibition of Stx-Mediated Cellular Injury Using Neoglycolipid-Spiked Glycovesicles. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110582. [PMID: 31752441 PMCID: PMC6920957 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause the edema disease in pigs by releasing the swine-pathogenic Stx2e subtype as the key virulence factor. Stx2e targets endothelial cells of animal organs including the kidney harboring the Stx receptor glycosphingolipids (GSLs) globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer, Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer, GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer). Since the involvement of renal epithelial cells in the edema disease is unknown, in this study, we analyzed the porcine kidney epithelial cell lines, LLC-PK1 and PK-15, regarding the presence of Stx-binding GSLs, their sensitivity towards Stx2e, and the inhibitory potential of Gb3- and Gb4-neoglycolipids, carrying phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as the lipid anchor, towards Stx2e. Immunochemical and mass spectrometric analysis revealed various Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer lipoforms as the dominant Stx-binding GSLs in both LLC-PK1 and PK-15 cells. A dihexosylceramide with proposed Galα1-4Gal-sequence (Gal2Cer) was detected in PK-15 cells, whereas LLC-PK1 cells lacked this compound. Both cell lines were susceptible towards Stx2e with LLC-PK1 representing an extremely Stx2e-sensitive cell line. Gb3-PE and Gb4-PE applied as glycovesicles significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of Stx2e towards LLC-PK1 cells, whereas only Gb4-PE exhibited some protection against Stx2e for PK-15 cells. This is the first report identifying Stx2e receptors of porcine kidney epithelial cells and providing first data on their Stx2e-mediated damage suggesting possible involvement in the edema disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Detzner
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.G.); (G.P.); (N.L.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Caroline Gloerfeld
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.G.); (G.P.); (N.L.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Gottfried Pohlentz
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.G.); (G.P.); (N.L.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Nadine Legros
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.G.); (G.P.); (N.L.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute for Food Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.G.); (G.P.); (N.L.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Helge Karch
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.G.); (G.P.); (N.L.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.G.); (G.P.); (N.L.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)251-8355192
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Pohlentz G, Steil D, Rubin D, Mellmann A, Karch H, Müthing J. Pectin-derived neoglycolipids: Tools for differentiation of Shiga toxin subtypes and inhibitors of Shiga toxin-mediated cellular injury. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:323-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Fernández-Tejada A, Tan DS, Gin DY. Versatile strategy for the divergent synthesis of linear oligosaccharide domain variants of Quillaja saponin vaccine adjuvants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13949-52. [PMID: 26243268 PMCID: PMC4643164 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new, versatile synthetic approach to Quillaja saponin variants based on the natural product immunoadjuvant QS-21. This modular, divergent strategy provides efficient access to linear oligosaccharide domain variants with modified sugars and regiochemistries. This new synthetic approach opens the door to the rapid generation of diverse analogues to identify novel saponin adjuvants with improved synthetic accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Derek S. Tan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - David Y. Gin
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Hsieh HW, Schombs MW, Gervay-Hague J. Integrating ReSET with glycosyl iodide glycosylation in step-economy syntheses of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens and immunogenic glycolipids. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1736-48. [PMID: 24490844 PMCID: PMC3985971 DOI: 10.1021/jo402736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates mediate a wide range of biological processes, and understanding these events and how they might be influenced is a complex undertaking that requires access to pure glycoconjugates. The isolation of sufficient quantities of carbohydrates and glycolipids from biological samples remains a significant challenge that has redirected efforts toward chemical synthesis. However, progress toward complex glycoconjugate total synthesis has been slowed by the need for multiple protection and deprotection steps owing to the large number of similarly reactive hydroxyls in carbohydrates. Two methodologies, regioselective silyl exchange technology (ReSET) and glycosyl iodide glycosylation have now been integrated to streamline the synthesis of the globo series trisaccharides (globotriaose and isoglobotriaose) and α-lactosylceramide (α-LacCer). These glycoconjugates include tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) and immunostimulatory glycolipids that hold promise as immunotherapeutics. Beyond the utility of the step-economy syntheses afforded by this synthetic platform, the studies also reveal a unique electronic interplay between acetate and silyl ether protecting groups. Incorporation of acetates proximal to silyl ethers attenuates their reactivity while reducing undesirable side reactions. This phenomenon can be used to fine-tune the reactivity of silylated/acetylated sugar building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Matthew W. Schombs
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Ogiso M, Kobayashi J, Imai T, Matsuoka K, Itoh M, Imamura T, Okada T, Miura H, Nishiyama T, Hatanaka K, Minoura N. Carbohydrate immobilized on a dendrimer-coated colloidal gold surface for fabrication of a lectin-sensing device based on localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:465-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Okada T, Kimura A, Miura H, Nishiyama T, Mori M, Suzuki J, Ogiso M, Matsuoka K, Sato T, Hatanaka K, Minoura N. Intricate Recognition of Glycolipid-Like Compounds by HIV-1 Envelope Proteins Evaluated with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. J Carbohydr Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.682190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Adlercreutz D, Weadge JT, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Dovichi NJ, Palcic MM. Enzymatic synthesis of Gb3 and iGb3 ceramides. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1384-8. [PMID: 20206917 PMCID: PMC3282984 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gb3 and iGb3 are physiologically important trihexosylceramides with a terminal alpha-d-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-Galp- and alpha-d-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-Galp sequence, respectively. In particular iGb3 is attracting considerable attention as it is believed to serve as a ligand for natural killer T cells. Whether or not iGb3 is present in humans and which enzyme might be responsible for its synthesis is at present a matter of lively debate. In the current investigation we evaluated human blood group B galactosyltransferase (GTB) for its ability to catalyze the formation of iGb3 from lactosylceramide and UDP-Galp. GTB is a retaining glycosyltransferase that in vivo catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-Galp donors to OH-3 of Galp on the H-antigen (alpha-l-Fucp-(1-->2)-beta-d-Galp) acceptor forming the blood group B antigen. GTB tolerates modifications in donor and acceptor substrates and its ability to accept lactosides as acceptors makes it a possible candidate for iGb3 production in humans. For comparison iGb3 and Gb3 were also synthesized from the same acceptor using an alpha-(1-->3)- and alpha-(1-->4)-specific galactosyltransferase, respectively. All the enzymes tested catalyzed the desired reactions. Product characterization by NMR analysis clearly differentiated between the alpha-Galp-(1-->3)-Galp and alpha-Galp-(1-->4)-Galp product, with the GTB product being identical to that of the alpha-(1-->3)-GalT-catalyzed reaction. The rate of transfer by GTB however was very low, only 0.001% of the rate obtained with a good substrate, H antigen disaccharide (octyl alpha-l-Fucp-(1-->2)-beta-d-Galp). This is too low to account for the possible formation of the iGb3 structure in humans in vivo.
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Wang Z, Gilbert M, Eguchi H, Yu H, Cheng J, Muthana S, Zhou L, Wang PG, Chen X, Huang X. Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigen Globo-H and Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 4. Adv Synth Catal 2008; 350:1717-1728. [PMID: 20305750 PMCID: PMC2842016 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides have attracted much attention due to their important biological properties. Herein, we report the first chemoenzymatic syntheses of two globo series of ganglioside oligosaccharides, Globo-H 1 and stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) 2. The common precursor SSEA-3 pentasaccharide for these two compounds was assembled rapidly using the pre-activation based one-pot glycosylation method. The stereoselectivity in forming the 1,2-cis linkage in SSEA-3 was attributed to a steric buttressing effect of the donor rather than electronic properties of the glycosyl donors. SSEA-3 was then successfully fucosylated by the fucosyltransferase WbsJ and sialylated by sialyltransferases CST-I and PmST1 producing Globo-H and SSEA-4 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606 USA
| | - Michel Gilbert
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Biological Sciences, Glycobiology Program, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Hironobu Eguchi
- The Ohio State University, Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Jiansong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Saddam Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Luyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606 USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- The Ohio State University, Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606 USA
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Angulo J, Langpap B, Blume A, Biet T, Meyer B, Krishna NR, Peters H, Palcic MM, Peters T. Blood group B galactosyltransferase: insights into substrate binding from NMR experiments. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:13529-38. [PMID: 17031966 DOI: 10.1021/ja063550r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of human blood group B antigens is accomplished by a highly specific galactosyltransferase (GTB). On the basis of NMR experiments, we propose a "molecular tweezers mechanism" that accounts for the exquisite stereoselectivity of donor substrate selection. Transferred NOE experiments for the first time reveal the bioactive conformation of the donor substrate UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) and of its enzymatically inactive analogue, UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc). Both bind to GTB in a folded conformation that is sparsely populated in solution, whereas acceptor ligands bind in a conformation that predominates in solution. The bound conformations of UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc are identical within experimental error. Therefore, GTB must discriminate between the two activated sugars on the basis of a hitherto unknown transition state that can only be formed in the case of UDP-Gal. A full relaxation and exchange matrix analysis of STD NMR experiments reveals that acceptor substrates dissociate significantly faster (k(off) > 100 Hz) from the binding pocket than donor substrates (k(off) approximately 10 Hz). STD NMR experiments also directly show that proper recognition of the hexopyranose rings of the UDP sugars requires bivalent metal cations. At the same time, this analysis furnishes the complete three-dimensional structure of the enzyme with its bound donor substrate UDP-Gal on the basis of a prior crystal structure analysis. We propose that, upon acceptor binding, GTB uses the Asp 302 and Glu 303 side chains as "molecular tweezers" to promote bound UDP-Gal but not UDP-Glc into a transition state that leads to product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Angulo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
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Wang Z, Zhou L, El-Boubbou K, Ye XS, Huang X. Multi-component one-pot synthesis of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Globo-H based on preactivation of thioglycosyl donors. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6409-20. [PMID: 17658849 PMCID: PMC2533580 DOI: 10.1021/jo070585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two efficient routes for the rapid assembly of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Globo-H hexasaccharide 2 by a preactivation based iterative one-pot strategy are reported. The first method involves the sequential coupling of four glycosyl building blocks, leading to the desired hexasaccharide in 47% overall yield in one-pot synthesis. Although model studies on constructing the challenging Gal-alpha-(1-4)-Gal linkage in Gb3 trisaccharide yielded the desired alpha linkage almost exclusively, a similar approach to assemble the hexasaccharide led to the formation of a significant amount of beta anomer. As an alternative, the second synthesis utilized three components in one pot with the Gal-alpha-(1-4)-Gal linkage preformed, producing the desired hexasaccharide in a similar overall yield as the four component approach. Both methods demonstrate that oligosaccharides containing alpha and beta linkages within the same molecule can be constructed in one pot via a preactivation based approach with higher glyco-assembly efficiencies than the automated solid-phase synthesis strategy. Furthermore, because glycosylations can be carried out independent of anomeric reactivities of donors, it is not necessary to differentiate anomeric reactivities of building blocks through extensive protective group adjustment for chemoselective glycosylation. This confers great flexibilities in the building block design, allowing matching of the donor with the acceptor, leading to improved overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Luyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Kheireddine El-Boubbou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Xin-shan Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS Toledo, Ohio 43606
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Wohlgemuth R. Tools for Selective Enzyme Reaction Steps in the Synthesis of Laboratory Chemicals. Eng Life Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200620155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Aly MRE, Rochaix P, Amessou M, Johannes L, Florent JC. Synthesis of globo- and isoglobotriosides bearing a cinnamoylphenyl tag as novel electrophilic thiol-specific carbohydrate reagents. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2026-36. [PMID: 16777082 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The galactosyl donor, 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate, was efficiently coupled with regioselectively benzylated lactoside acceptors under standard conditions to stereoselectively afford the corresponding globotrioside and isoglobotrioside derivatives in very good yields. These glycosides were smoothly functionalized with a 6-(p-cinnamoylphenoxy)-hexyl tether tag as novel electrophilic thiol-specific carbohydrate reagents. Immobilization of the globotrioside conjugate to Thiopropyl Sepharose 6B for purification of B-subunit of Shiga toxin (StxB) and coupling of a model cysteine-containing protein (StxB-Z(n)-Cys) to the isoglobotrioside conjugate were both performed with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R E Aly
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
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Rowan AS, Hamilton CJ. Recent developments in preparative enzymatic syntheses of carbohydrates. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:412-43. [PMID: 16741587 DOI: 10.1039/b409898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Rowan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building
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Hsieh SY, Jan MD, Patkar LN, Chen CT, Lin CC. Synthesis of a carboxyl linker containing Pk trisaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:49-57. [PMID: 15620666 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 10/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of a Pk trisaccharide with a functionalized side arm at the reducing end for conjugation to other molecules is presented. Construction of the Pk trisaccharide with a high alpha-selectivity was achieved in high yield by coupling a reactive galactosyl phosphite donor with a lactosyl acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Hsieh
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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