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Dorst KM, Widmalm G. NMR chemical shift prediction and structural elucidation of linker-containing oligo- and polysaccharides using the computer program CASPER. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108937. [PMID: 37734222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate structures containing alkyl groups as aglycones are useful for investigating enzyme activity and glycan-protein interactions. Moreover, linker-containing oligosaccharides with a spacer group are commonly used to print glycan microarrays or to prepare protein-conjugates as vaccine candidates. The structural accuracy of these synthesized glycans are essential for interpretation of results from biological experiments in which the compounds have been used and NMR spectroscopy can unravel and confirm their structures. An approach for efficient 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments employed a parallel NOAH-10 measurement followed by NMR spin-simulation to refine the 1H NMR chemical shifts, as exemplified for a disaccharide with an azidoethyl group as an aglycone, the NMR chemical shifts of which have been used to enhance the quality of CASPER (http://www.casper.organ.su.se/casper/). The CASPER program has been further developed to aid characterization of linker-containing oligo- and polysaccharides, either by chemical shift prediction for comparison to experimental NMR data or as structural investigation of synthesized glycans based on acquired unassigned NMR data. The ability of CASPER to elucidate structures of linker-containing oligosaccharides is demonstrated and comparisons to assigned or unassigned NMR data show the utility of CASPER in supporting a proposed oligosaccharide structure. Prediction of NMR chemical shifts of an oligosaccharide, corresponding to the repeating unit of an O-antigen polysaccharide, having a linker as an aglycone and a non-natural substituent derivative thereof are presented to exemplify the diversity of structures handled. Furthermore, NMR chemical shift predictions of synthesized polysaccharides, corresponding to bacterial polysaccharides, containing a linker are described showing that in addition to oligosaccharide structures also polysaccharide structures having an aglycone spacer group can be analyzed by CASPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Dorst
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Ma Z, Hu Y, Li X, Liu R, Xia E, Xu P, Yang Y. Stereoselective synthesis of α-glucosides with glucosyl (Z)-Ynenoates as donors. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108710. [PMID: 36370627 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A SPhosAuNTf2-promoted DMF-modulated glycosylation approach with glycosyl (Z)-ynenoates as donors was developed for highly α-selective synthesis of various linkage types of α-glucans. The substituent groups were also found to play a significant role in the α-selective glucosylation reactions. The glycosylation approach was effectively applied to the stereospecific synthesis of the α-1,6-linked triglucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - E Xia
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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3
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Recent chemical syntheses of bacteria related oligosaccharides using modern expeditious approaches. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108295. [PMID: 34271477 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from some essential and crucial roles in life processes carbohydrates also are involved in a few detrimental courses of action related to human health, like infections by pathogenic microbes, cancer metastasis, transplanted tissue rejection, etc. Regarding management of pathogenesis by microbes, keeping in mind of multi drug-resistant bacteria and epidemic or endemic incidents, preventive measure by vaccination is the best pathway as also recommended by the WHO; by vaccination, eradication of bacterial diseases is also possible. Although some valid vaccines based on attenuated bacterial cells or isolated pure polysaccharide-antigens or the corresponding conjugates thereof are available in the market for prevention of several bacterial diseases, but these are not devoid of some disadvantages also. In order to develop improved conjugate T-cell dependent vaccines oligosaccharides related to bacterial antigens are synthesized and converted to the corresponding carrier protein conjugates. Marketed Cuban Quimi-Hib is such a vaccine being used since 2004 to resist Haemophilus influenza b infections. During nearly the past two decades research is going on worldwide for improved synthesis of bacteria related oligosaccharides or polysaccharides towards development of such semisynthetic or synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. The present dissertation is an endeavour to encompass the recent syntheses of several pathogenic bacterial oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, made during the past ten-eleven years with special reference to modern expeditious syntheses.
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4
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Clearance of Brucella with formulation rCagA, TN-OMPs & LPS in mice. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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MohabatiMobarez A, Salmanian AH, Hosseini AZ, Esmaeili D. Clearance of Helicobacter pylori with formulation rCagA and LPS in a mouse model. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Tian G, Qin C, Liu Z, Shen D, Zou X, Fu J, Hu J, Seeberger PH, Yin J. Total synthesis of theHelicobacter pyloriserotype O2 O-antigen α-(1 → 2)- and α-(1 → 3)-linked oligoglucosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:344-347. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Unique α-(1 → 2)- and α-(1 → 3)-linked oligoglucosides from theH. pyloriserotype O2 O-antigen were synthesized with exclusive α-selectivity using remote participation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max-Plank Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Xiaopeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Junjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max-Plank Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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Zou X, Qin C, Pereira CL, Tian G, Hu J, Seeberger PH, Yin J. Synergistic Glycosylation as Key to the Chemical Synthesis of an Outer Core Octasaccharide ofHelicobacter pylori. Chemistry 2018; 24:2868-2872. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Lihu Avenue 1800 Wuxi Jiangsu province 214122 P. R. China
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Lihu Avenue 1800 Wuxi Jiangsu province 214122 P. R. China
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Claney L. Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Guangzong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Lihu Avenue 1800 Wuxi Jiangsu province 214122 P. R. China
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Lihu Avenue 1800 Wuxi Jiangsu province 214122 P. R. China
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Lihu Avenue 1800 Wuxi Jiangsu province 214122 P. R. China
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Helicobacter pylori modulates host cell responses by CagT4SS-dependent translocation of an intermediate metabolite of LPS inner core heptose biosynthesis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006514. [PMID: 28715499 PMCID: PMC5531669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly virulent Helicobacter pylori cause proinflammatory signaling inducing the transcriptional activation and secretion of cytokines such as IL-8 in epithelial cells. Responsible in part for this signaling is the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) that codetermines the risk for pathological sequelae of an H. pylori infection such as gastric cancer. The Cag type IV secretion system (CagT4SS), encoded on the cagPAI, can translocate various molecules into cells, the effector protein CagA, peptidoglycan metabolites and DNA. Although these transported molecules are known to contribute to cellular responses to some extent, a major part of the cagPAI-induced signaling leading to IL-8 secretion remains unexplained. We report here that biosynthesis of heptose-1,7-bisphosphate (HBP), an important intermediate metabolite of LPS inner heptose core, contributes in a major way to the H. pylori cagPAI-dependent induction of proinflammatory signaling and IL-8 secretion in human epithelial cells. Mutants defective in the genes required for synthesis of HBP exhibited a more than 95% reduction of IL-8 induction and impaired CagT4SS-dependent cellular signaling. The loss of HBP biosynthesis did not abolish the ability to translocate CagA. The human cellular adaptor TIFA, which was described before to mediate HBP-dependent activity in other Gram-negative bacteria, was crucial in the cagPAI- and HBP pathway-induced responses by H. pylori in different cell types. The active metabolite was present in H. pylori lysates but not enriched in bacterial supernatants. These novel results advance our mechanistic understanding of H. pylori cagPAI-dependent signaling mediated by intracellular pattern recognition receptors. They will also allow to better dissect immunomodulatory activities by H. pylori and to improve the possibilities of intervention in cagPAI- and inflammation-driven cancerogenesis. The Cag Type IV secretion system, which contributes to inflammation and cancerogenesis during chronic infection, is one of the major virulence and fitness factors of the bacterial gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Up to now, the mechanisms leading to cagPAI-dependent signal transduction and cytokine secretion were not completely understood. We report here that HBP, an intermediate metabolite in LPS core heptose biosynthesis, is translocated into host cells dependent on the CagT4SS, and is a major factor leading to the activation of cellular responses. This response is connected to the human cellular adaptor protein TIFA. The knowledge of this specific response pathway is a major advance in understanding CagT4SS-dependent signaling and will enable us to understand better how H. pylori modulates the immune response repertoire in its human host.
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Mirzaei N, Poursina F, Moghim S, Rashidi N, Ghasemian Safaei H. The study of H. pylori putative candidate factors for single- and multi-component vaccine development. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:631-650. [PMID: 28581361 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1291578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has grown to colonize inside the stomach of nearly half of the world's population, turning into the most prevalent infections in the universe. Medical care failures noticeably confirm the need for a vaccine to hinder or deal with H. pylori. This review is planned to discuss the most known factors as a vaccine candidate, including single (AhpC, BG, CagA, KatA, Fla, Hsp, HWC, Lpp, LPS, NAP, OMP, OMV, SOD, Tpx, Urease, VacA) and multi-component vaccines. Many promising results in the field of single and multivalent vaccine can be seen, but there is no satisfactory outcome and neither a prophylactic nor a therapeutic vaccine to treat or eradicate the infection in human has been acquired. Hence, selecting suitable antigen is an important factor as an appropriate adjuvant. Taken all together, the development of efficient anti-H. pylori vaccines relies on the fully understanding of the interactions between H. pylori and its host immune system. Therefore, more work should be done on epitope mapping, analysis of molecular structure, and determination of the antigen determinant region as well due to design a vaccine, preferably a multi-component vaccine to elicit specific CD4 T-cell responses that are required for H. pylori vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mirzaei
- a Department of Microbiology , Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tonekabon , Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Poursina
- b Department of Microbiology , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- b Department of Microbiology , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- c Department of Laboratory Sciences , Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Hu D, Zhang F, Zhou J, Xu B, Zhang H, Qiang H, Ren S, Shan B, Yin C, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhao C, Shi Z. The clearance effect of bovine anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody-containing milk in O blood group Helicobacter pylori-infected patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Transl Med 2015; 13:205. [PMID: 26123101 PMCID: PMC4484630 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure in standard triple therapy has recently increased to high levels in China, primarily because of insufficient patient compliance, antimicrobial resistance, and high costs. Effective prevention and eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) by artificial passive immunization with orally administered bovine antibodies in the milk has been demonstrated in many animal studies, but the clinical studies that are available have shown no H. pylori eradication. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered bovine anti-H. pylori antibodies for the clearance of H. pylori infecting O blood group subpopulations. METHODS Two local epidemic H. pylori strains that were prevalent locally were screened and then used to immunize dairy cows. After confirmation of the presence of anti-H. pylori polyclonal antibodies in the milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the milk was subsequently defatted and processed into sterile milk by pasteurization. This study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Our 61 H. pylori-infected O blood group subjects were assigned to two groups; 31 subjects were treated with bovine milk containing antibodies and 30 subjects with the placebo. The medication-based study was continued for 28 days. Subjects were followed up for 56 days. The effect was assessed by the C-14 urea breath test (UBT). SPSS 17.0 software for Windows was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Of the 61 subjects enrolled, 58 completed the protocol. One volunteer in the antibodies group and two volunteers in the control group dropped out. Of the 30 antibody-treated subjects, 13 became UBT negative, whereas none of the 30 of the placebo-treated subjects became UBT negative after the medication. Of 13 UBT negative patients, 3 became positive again at the end of the follow-up. Both intention to treat and per-protocol analysis indicated a significant difference in the clearance rate of infected patients between the groups treated with bovine antibody-containing milk and the placebo (P = 0.001, P < 0.05) and no significant difference in adverse effects (P > 0.05 all). CONCLUSIONS Bovine antibody-based oral immunotherapy appears to be safe and has a significant clearance effect on intragastric H. pylori that infects O blood group adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-TRC-14005212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailun Hu
- Clinical Department, The Research Section of Experimentation Teaching Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Institute of Cereal and Oil Crop, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jikun Zhou
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baohong Xu
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiqin Qiang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Prevention and Control of Animal Diseases, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuguang Ren
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoen Shan
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changfu Yin
- Clinical Department, The Research Section of Experimentation Teaching Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Clinical Department, The Research Section of Experimentation Teaching Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongli Shi
- Clinical Department, The Research Section of Experimentation Teaching Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
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Moridi K, Hosseini Doust R, Goudarzi Z, Lashini H, Esmaeili D, Saberfar E. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori in Laryngeal Papillomatosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Monteiro MA, Britton S, Applebee LA, Baqar S. Synthesis and immunogenicity of a Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-based conjugate. Vaccine 2011; 29:3098-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Aldobiouronic acid domains in Helicobacter pylori. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:638-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ahmadzadeh E, Zarkesh-Esfahani H, Roghanian R, Akbar FN. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli in induction of TNF-alpha mRNA from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Indian J Med Microbiol 2010; 28:233-7. [PMID: 20644312 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.66482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the difference between the abilities of Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli to induce expression of TNF-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS H pylori was isolated from gastric biopsy specimens. The mononuclear cells were isolated from human blood, cultured, and treated with either intact or sonicated E coli or H pylori, and mRNA expression for TNF-alpha was detected using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in PBMCs stimulated with E coli compared to those stimulated with H pylori at the same number and identical conditions (P < .001). The results also suggest that sonicated bacteria were significantly (P < .001) less stimulatory for PBMCs than intact bacteria for both E coli and H pylori. CONCLUSIONS The ability of different H pylori strains isolated from biopsy samples to stimulate TNF-alpha from PBMCs was significantly lower than that of E coli. Sonicated bacteria, as compared to intact bacteria, was a very poor inducer of TNF-alpha mRNA expression, suggesting that the conformation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane is not totally conserved in sonicated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR, Iran
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15
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Lundin JI, Checkoway H. Endotoxin and cancer. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2010; 15:2787-98. [PMID: 20922287 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232010000600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, is widespread in many industrial settings and in the ambient environment. Heavy-exposure environments include livestock farms, cotton textile facilities, and saw mills. In this article, we review epidemiologic, clinical trial, and experimental studies pertinent to the hypothesis that endotoxin prevents cancer. Since the 1970s, epidemiologic studies of cotton textile and other endotoxin-exposed occupational groups have consistently demonstrated reduced lung cancer risks. Experimental animal toxicology research and some limited therapeutic trials in cancer patients offer additional support for an anticarcinogenic potential. The underlying biological mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis are not entirely understood but are thought to involve the recruitment and activation of immune cells and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 and -6). In view of the current state of knowledge, it would be premature to recommend endotoxin as a cancer-chemopreventive agent. However, further epidemiologic and experimental investigations that can clarify further dose-effect and exposure-timing relations could have substantial public health and basic biomedical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Lundin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Office E-179E, Box 357234, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jlundin2@.u.washington.edu
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Ferreira JA, Azevedo NF, Vieira MJ, Figueiredo C, Goodfellow BJ, Monteiro MA, Coimbra MA. Identification of cell-surface mannans in a virulent Helicobacter pylori strain. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:830-8. [PMID: 20227685 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the intent of contributing to a carbohydrate-based vaccine against the gastroduodenal pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, we report here the structure of cell-surface mannans obtained from a virulent strain. Unlike other wild-type strains, this strain was found to express in good quantities this polysaccharide in vitro. Structural analysis revealed a branched mannan formed by a backbone of alpha-(1-->6)-linked mannopyranosyl residues with approximately 80% branching at the O-2 position. The branches were composed of O-2-linked Man residues in both alpha- and beta-configurations: [abstract: see text]. In addition, this strain also expressed cell-surface emblematic H. pylori lipopolysaccharides (LPS) containing partially fucosylated polyLacNAc O-chains. Affinity assays with polymyxin-B and concanavalin A revealed no association between the mannan and the LPS. The described mannans may be implicated in the mediation of host-microbial interactions and immunological modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Ferreira JA, Pires C, Paulo M, Azevedo NF, Domingues MR, Vieira MJ, Monteiro MA, Coimbra MA. Bioaccumulation of amylose-like glycans by Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2009; 14:559-70. [PMID: 19889074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori cell surface is composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) yielding structures homologous to mammalian Lewis O-chains blood group antigens. These structures are key mediators in the definition of host-microbial interactions and known to change their expression pattern in response to environmental pressure. AIMS The present work is focused on the identification of new H. pylori cell-surface glycosides. Special attention is further devoted to provide insights on the impact of in vitro subcultivation on H. pylori cell-surface phenotypes. METHODS Cell-surface glycans from H. pylori NCTC 11637 and two clinical isolates were recovered from the aqueous phase resulting from phenol:water extraction of intact bacteria. They were evaluated in relation to their sugars and glycosidic-linkages composition by CG-MS, size-exclusion chromatography, NMR, and Mass Spectrometry. H. pylori glycan profile was also monitored during subcultivation in vitro in agar and F12 liquid medium. RESULTS All three studied strains produce LPS expressing Lewis epitopes and express bioaccumulate amylose-like glycans. Bioaccumulation of amylose was found to be enhanced with the subcultivation of the bacterium on agar medium and accompanied by a decrease in the expression of LPS O-chains. In contrast, during exponential growth in F12 liquid medium, an opposite behavior is observed, that is, there is an increase in the overall amount of LPS and decrease in amylose content. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that under specific environmental conditions, H. pylori expresses a phase-variable cell-surface alpha-(1-->4)-glucose moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Ferreira
- Departamento de Química da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Lundin JI, Checkoway H. Endotoxin and cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1344-50. [PMID: 19750096 PMCID: PMC2737008 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, is widespread in many industrial settings and in the ambient environment. Heavy-exposure environments include livestock farms, cotton textile facilities, and saw mills. Concentrations are highly variable in non-occupational indoor and outdoor environments. Endotoxin is a potent inflammagen with recognized health effects, including fever, shaking chills, septic shock, toxic pneumonitis, and respiratory symptoms. Somewhat paradoxically, given the putative role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, various lines of evidence suggest that endotoxin may prevent cancer initiation or limit tumor growth. The hypothesis that components of bacteria may retard cancer progression dates back to William B. Coley's therapeutic experiments ("bacterial vaccine") in the 1890s. DATA SOURCES In this article, we review epidemiologic, clinical trial, and experimental studies pertinent to the hypothesis that endotoxin prevents cancer. Since the 1970s, epidemiologic studies of cotton textile and other endotoxin-exposed occupational groups have consistently demonstrated reduced lung cancer risks. Experimental animal toxicology research and some limited therapeutic trials in cancer patients offer additional support for an anticarcinogenic potential. The underlying biological mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis are not entirely understood but are thought to involve the recruitment and activation of immune cells and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 and -6). CONCLUSIONS In view of the current state of knowledge, it would be premature to recommend endotoxin as a cancer-chemopreventive agent. Nonetheless, further epidemiologic and experimental investigations that can clarify further dose-effect and exposure-timing relations could have substantial public health and basic biomedical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Lundin
- Address correspondence to J.I. Lundin, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Office E-179E, Box 357234, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Telephone: (206) 221-5619. Fax: (206) 685-3990. E-mail:
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Martínez-López R, Nombela C, Diez-Orejas R, Monteoliva L, Gil C. Immunoproteomic analysis of the protective response obtained from vaccination with Candida albicans ecm33 cell wall mutant in mice. Proteomics 2008; 8:2651-64. [PMID: 18546157 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis remains a major cause of disease and death, particularly among immunocompromised patients. The cell wall of Candida albicans defines the interface between host and pathogen and surface proteins are major elicitors of host immune responses during candidiasis. The C. albicans ecm33 mutant (RML2U) presents an altered cell wall, which entails an increase in the outermost protein layer. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with RML2U mutant protected them from a subsequent lethal infection with virulent strain SC5314 in a systemic candidiasis model. Using immunoproteomics (2-DE followed by Immunoblotting) we detected 29 immunoreactive proteins specifically recognized by antibodies from vaccinated mice sera, six of which are described as immunogenic for the first time (Gnd1p, Cit1p, Rpl10Ep, Yst1p, Cys4p, Efb1p). Furthermore, identification of wild type and mutant cell surface proteome (surfome), confirmed us that the mutant surfome presented a larger number of proteins than the wild type. Interestingly, proteins exclusively identified in the mutant surfome (Met6p, Eft2p, Tkl1p, Rpl10Ep, Atp1p, Atp2p) were also detected as immunogenic, supporting the idea that their surface location enhances their immunoprotective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Moran AP. Relevance of fucosylation and Lewis antigen expression in the bacterial gastroduodenal pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Carbohydr Res 2007; 343:1952-65. [PMID: 18279843 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent bacterial, gastroduodenal pathogen of humans that can express Lewis (Le) and related antigens in the O-chains of its surface lipopolysaccharide. The O-chains of H. pylori are commonly composed of internal Le(x) units with terminal Le(x) or Le(y) units or, in some strains, with additional units of Le(a), Le(b), Le(c), sialyl-Le(x) and H-1 antigens, as well as blood groups A and B, thereby producing a mosaicism of antigenic units expressed. The genetic determination of the Le antigen biosynthetic pathways in H. pylori has been studied, and despite striking functional similarity, low sequence homology occurs between the bacterial and mammalian alpha(1,3/4)- and alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferases. Factors affecting Le antigen expression in H. pylori, that can influence the biological impact of this molecular mimicry, include regulation of fucosyltransferase genes through slipped-strand mispairing, the activity and expression levels of the functional enzymes, the preferences of the expressed enzyme for distinctive acceptor molecules and the availability of activated sugar intermediates. Le mimicry was initially implicated in immune evasion and gastric adaptation by the bacterium, but more recent studies show a role in gastric colonization and bacterial adhesion with galectin-3 identified as the gastric receptor for polymeric Le(x) on the bacterium. From the host defence aspect, innate immune recognition of H. pylori by surfactant protein D is influenced by the extent of LPS fucosylation. Furthermore, Le antigen expression affects both the inflammatory response and T-cell polarization that develops after infection. Although controversial, evidence suggests that long-term H. pylori infection can induce autoreactive anti-Le antibodies cross-reacting with the gastric mucosa, in part leading to the development of gastric atrophy. Thus, Le antigen expression and fucosylation in H. pylori have multiple biological effects on pathogenesis and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Moran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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