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Su H, Yang S, Chen S, Chen X, Guo M, Zhu L, Xu W, Liu H. What Happens in the Gut during the Formation of Neonatal Jaundice-Underhand Manipulation of Gut Microbiota? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8582. [PMID: 39201270 PMCID: PMC11354725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Jaundice is a symptom of high blood bilirubin levels affecting about 80% of neonates. In neonates fed with breast milk, jaundice is particularly prevalent and severe, which is likely multifactorial. With the development of genomics and metagenomics, a deeper understanding of the neonatal gut microbiota has been achieved. We find there are accumulating evidence to indicate the importance of the gut microbiota in the mechanism of jaundice. In this paper, we present new comprehensive insight into the relationship between the microbiota and jaundice. In the new perspective, the gut is a crucial crossroad of bilirubin excretion, and bacteria colonizing the gut could play different roles in the excretion of bilirubin, including Escherichia coli as the main traffic jam causers, some Clostridium and Bacteroides strains as the traffic police, and most probiotic Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains as bystanders with no effect or only a secondary indirect effect on the metabolism of bilirubin. This insight could explain why breast milk jaundice causes a longer duration of blood bilirubin and why most probiotics have limited effects on neonatal jaundice. With the encouragement of breastmilk feeding, our perspective could guide the development of new therapy methods to prevent this side effect of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (S.C.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Shuran Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China;
| | - Shijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (S.C.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (S.C.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Mingzhang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (S.C.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Wentao Xu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Huilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (S.C.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
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2
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Chandel I, Campbell KP. Identification of Matriglycan by Dual Exoglycosidase Digestion of α-Dystroglycan. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4827. [PMID: 37753476 PMCID: PMC10518772 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Matriglycan is a linear polysaccharide of alternating xylose and glucuronic acid units [-Xyl-α1,3-GlcA-β1,3]n that is uniquely synthesized on α-dystroglycan (α-DG) and is essential for neuromuscular function and brain development. It binds several extracellular matrix proteins that contain laminin-globular domains and is a receptor for Old World arenaviruses such as Lassa Fever virus. Monoclonal antibodies such as IIH6 are commonly used to detect matriglycan on α-DG. However, endogenous expression levels are not sufficient to detect and analyze matriglycan by mass spectrometry approaches. Thus, there is a growing need to independently confirm the presence of matriglycan on α-DG and possibly other proteins. We used an enzymatic approach to detect matriglycan, which involved digesting it with two thermophilic exoglycosidases: β-Glucuronidase from Thermotoga maritima and α-xylosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. This allowed us to identify and categorize matriglycan on α-DG by studying post-digestion changes in the molecular weight of α-DG using SDS-PAGE followed by western blotting with anti-matriglycan antibodies, anti-core α-DG antibodies, and/or laminin binding assay. In some tissues, matriglycan is capped by a sulfate group, which renders it resistant to digestion by these dual exoglycosidases. Thus, this method can be used to determine the capping status of matriglycan. To date, matriglycan has only been identified on vertebrate α-DG. We anticipate that this method will facilitate the discovery of matriglycan on α-DG in other species and possibly on other proteins. Key features • Analysis of endogenous matriglycan on dystroglycan from any animal tissue. • Matriglycan is digested using thermophilic enzymes, which require optimum thermophilic conditions. • Western blotting is used to assay the success and extent of digestion. • Freshly purified enzymes work best to digest matriglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chandel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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3
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Walimbe AS, Okuma H, Joseph S, Yang T, Yonekawa T, Hord JM, Venzke D, Anderson ME, Torelli S, Manzur A, Devereaux M, Cuellar M, Prouty S, Ocampo Landa S, Yu L, Xiao J, Dixon JE, Muntoni F, Campbell KP. POMK regulates dystroglycan function via LARGE1-mediated elongation of matriglycan. eLife 2020; 9:e61388. [PMID: 32975514 PMCID: PMC7556876 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriglycan [-GlcA-β1,3-Xyl-α1,3-]n serves as a scaffold in many tissues for extracellular matrix proteins containing laminin-G domains including laminin, agrin, and perlecan. Like-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase 1 (LARGE1) synthesizes and extends matriglycan on α-dystroglycan (α-DG) during skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration; however, the mechanisms which regulate matriglycan elongation are unknown. Here, we show that Protein O-Mannose Kinase (POMK), which phosphorylates mannose of core M3 (GalNAc-β1,3-GlcNAc-β1,4-Man) preceding matriglycan synthesis, is required for LARGE1-mediated generation of full-length matriglycan on α-DG (~150 kDa). In the absence of Pomk gene expression in mouse skeletal muscle, LARGE1 synthesizes a very short matriglycan resulting in a ~ 90 kDa α-DG which binds laminin but cannot prevent eccentric contraction-induced force loss or muscle pathology. Solution NMR spectroscopy studies demonstrate that LARGE1 directly interacts with core M3 and binds preferentially to the phosphorylated form. Collectively, our study demonstrates that phosphorylation of core M3 by POMK enables LARGE1 to elongate matriglycan on α-DG, thereby preventing muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Walimbe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Hidehiko Okuma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Soumya Joseph
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Tiandi Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Takahiro Yonekawa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Jeffrey M Hord
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - David Venzke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Mary E Anderson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Silvia Torelli
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Megan Devereaux
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Marco Cuellar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Sally Prouty
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Saul Ocampo Landa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Liping Yu
- Medical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineIowa CityUnited States
| | - Junyu Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jack E Dixon
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
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4
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Sheikh MO, Venzke D, Anderson ME, Yoshida-Moriguchi T, Glushka JN, Nairn AV, Galizzi M, Moremen KW, Campbell KP, Wells L. HNK-1 sulfotransferase modulates α-dystroglycan glycosylation by 3-O-sulfation of glucuronic acid on matriglycan. Glycobiology 2020; 30:817-829. [PMID: 32149355 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in multiple genes required for proper O-mannosylation of α-dystroglycan are causal for congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies and abnormal brain development in mammals. Previously, we and others further elucidated the functional O-mannose glycan structure that is terminated by matriglycan, [(-GlcA-β3-Xyl-α3-)n]. This repeating disaccharide serves as a receptor for proteins in the extracellular matrix. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST/carbohydrate sulfotransferase) sulfates terminal glucuronyl residues of matriglycan at the 3-hydroxyl and prevents further matriglycan polymerization by the LARGE1 glycosyltransferase. While α-dystroglycan isolated from mouse heart and kidney is susceptible to exoglycosidase digestion of matriglycan, the functional, lower molecular weight α-dystroglycan detected in brain, where HNK-1ST expression is elevated, is resistant. Removal of the sulfate cap by a sulfatase facilitated dual-glycosidase digestion. Our data strongly support a tissue specific mechanism in which HNK-1ST regulates polymer length by competing with LARGE for the 3-position on the nonreducing GlcA of matriglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Venzke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mary E Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Takako Yoshida-Moriguchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John N Glushka
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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5
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Kurdziel M, Kopeć M, Pâris A, Lewiński K, Lafite P, Daniellou R. Thioglycoligation of aromatic thiols using a natural glucuronide donor. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5582-5585. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This is the first example of a thioglycoligase that is able to catalyse the formation of S-glucuronides using aromatic thiols and a natural glucuronide donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Kurdziel
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)
- Université d'Orléans/CNRS
- UMR 7311
- Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Magdalena Kopeć
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)
- Université d'Orléans/CNRS
- UMR 7311
- Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Arnaud Pâris
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)
- Université d'Orléans/CNRS
- UMR 7311
- Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Krzysztof Lewiński
- Jagiellonian University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics
- Gronostajowa 2
- Poland
| | - Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)
- Université d'Orléans/CNRS
- UMR 7311
- Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Richard Daniellou
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)
- Université d'Orléans/CNRS
- UMR 7311
- Orléans Cedex 2
- France
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6
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Haq IU, Akram F. Enhanced production, overexpression and characterization of a hyperthermophilic multimodular GH family 2 β‑glucuronidase (TpGUS) cloned from Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1 T in a mesophilic host. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:1132-1142. [PMID: 30465846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A multimodular hyperthermophilic β‑glucuronidase (TpGUS) from Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1T, belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 2 (GH2), was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL. Expression and production of extracellular TpGUS was enhanced through various specific cultivation and induction strategies. Extracellular TpGUS activity was improved by 3.44 and 7 fold in 4 × ZB medium induced with 0.5 mM IPTG and 100 mM lactose, respectively. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a single band of 65.6 kDa on SDS-PAGE, using two subsequent steps of anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography after heat precipitation (70 °C, 1 h). Optimal activity of TpGUS was observed at 95 °C and pH 6.0; and it displayed prodigious thermal stability over a temperature range of 50-85 °C for 12 h at pH 6.0-7.5. Km, Vmax, VmaxKm-1, kcat, and kcatKm-1 were calculated to be 0.7 mM, 227 mmol mg-1 min-1, 324.3 min-1, 164,492.7 s-1 and 234,989.6 mM-1 s-1, respectively using pNPGU as a substrate. Recombinant TpGUS exhibited favorable properties which make this a promising candidate for various biotechnological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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7
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Structural basis of laminin binding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:810-4. [PMID: 27526028 PMCID: PMC5030134 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor with essential functions in skeletal muscle and the nervous system. Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) synthesizes the matrix-binding heteropolysaccharide [-glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose-α1,3-]n. Using a dual exoglycosidase digestion, we confirm that this polysaccharide is present on native α-DG from skeletal muscle. The atomic details of matrix binding were revealed by a high-resolution crystal structure of laminin G-like (LG) domains 4-5 of laminin α2 bound to a LARGE-synthesized oligosaccharide. A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca2+ ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca2+-bound water molecules. The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. These results reveal a novel mechanism of carbohydrate recognition and provide a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy.
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8
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Trincone A. Uncommon Glycosidases for the Enzymatic Preparation of Glycosides. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2160-83. [PMID: 26404386 PMCID: PMC4693232 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the reports in literature dedicated to the use of glycosyl hydrolases for the preparation of glycosides are about gluco- (α- and β-form) and galacto-sidase (β-form), reflecting the high-availability of both anomers of glucosides and of β-galactosides and their wide-ranging applications. Hence, the idea of this review was to analyze the literature focusing on hardly-mentioned natural and engineered glycosyl hydrolases. Their performances in the synthetic mode and natural hydrolytic potential are examined. Both the choice of articles and their discussion are from a biomolecular and a biotechnological perspective of the biocatalytic process, shedding light on new applicative ideas and on the assortment of biomolecular diversity. The hope is to elicit new interest for the development of biocatalysis and to gather attention of biocatalyst practitioners for glycosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Trincone
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli 80078, Naples, Italy.
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9
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Xu J, Tian YS, Peng RH, Zhu B, Gao JJ, Yao QH. Characterization of a thermostable β-glucuronidase from Thermotoga maritima expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 95:1211-9. [PMID: 22198718 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TmGUSI, a gene identical to that encoding a thermostable β-glucuronidase in the hyperthermophilic anaerobe Thermotoga maritima, has been synthesized using a PCR-based two-step DNA synthesis and codon optimization for plants, and expressed in both Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana. TmGUSI expressed in transformed E. coli cells exhibited maximum hydrolytic activity at 65 °C and pH 6.5 and retained more than 80% activity after incubation at 85 °C for 30 min. TmGUSI activity in transgenic A. thaliana plants containing TmGUSI was also stable over the temperature range 65-80 °C. Our data suggest that β-glucuronidase from T. maritima can serve as a useful thermostable marker in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, 201106, China
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10
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Hydrolysis of the soluble fluorescent molecule carboxyumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide by E. coli beta-glucuronidase as applied in a rugged, in situ optical sensor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:6-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Gloux K, Berteau O, El oumami H, Béguet F, Leclerc M, Doré J. A metagenomic β-glucuronidase uncovers a core adaptive function of the human intestinal microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108 Suppl 1:4539-46. [PMID: 20615998 PMCID: PMC3063586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000066107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human gastrointestinal tract, bacterial β-D-glucuronidases (BG; E.C. 3.2.1.31) are involved both in xenobiotic metabolism and in some of the beneficial effects of dietary compounds. Despite their biological significance, investigations are hampered by the fact that only a few BGs have so far been studied. A functional metagenomic approach was therefore performed on intestinal metagenomic libraries using chromogenic glucuronides as probes. Using this strategy, 19 positive metagenomic clones were identified but only one exhibited strong β-D-glucuronidase activity when subcloned into an expression vector. The cloned gene encoded a β-D-glucuronidase (called H11G11-BG) that had distant amino acid sequence homologies and an additional C terminus domain compared with known β-D-glucuronidases. Fifteen homologs were identified in public bacterial genome databases (38-57% identity with H11G11-BG) in the Firmicutes phylum. The genomes identified derived from strains from Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiaceae. The genetic context diversity, with closely related symporters and gene duplication, argued for functional diversity and contribution to adaptive mechanisms. In contrast to the previously known β-D-glucuronidases, this previously undescribed type was present in the published microbiome of each healthy adult/child investigated (n = 11) and was specific to the human gut ecosystem. In conclusion, our functional metagenomic approach revealed a class of BGs that may be part of a functional core specifically evolved to adapt to the human gut environment with major health implications. We propose consensus motifs for this unique Firmicutes β-D-glucuronidase subfamily and for the glycosyl hydrolase family 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gloux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 Micalis, F-78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Olivier Berteau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 Micalis, F-78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hanane El oumami
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 Micalis, F-78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Béguet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 Micalis, F-78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 Micalis, F-78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 Micalis, F-78352 Jouy en Josas, France
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12
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Glycosidase Inhibition by Macrolide Antibiotics Elucidated by STD-NMR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:739-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Dabek M, McCrae SI, Stevens VJ, Duncan SH, Louis P. Distribution of beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase activity and of beta-glucuronidase gene gus in human colonic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 66:487-95. [PMID: 18537837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-Glycosidase activities present in the human colonic microbiota act on glycosidic plant secondary compounds and xenobiotics entering the colon, with potential health implications for the human host. Information on beta-glycosidases is currently limited to relatively few species of bacteria from the human colonic ecosystem. We therefore screened 40 different bacterial strains that are representative of dominant bacterial groups from human faeces for beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase activity. More than half of the low G+C% Gram-positive firmicutes harboured beta-glucosidase activity, while beta-glucuronidase activity was only found in some firmicutes within clostridial clusters XIVa and IV. Most of the Bifidobacterium spp. and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron carried beta-glucosidase activity. A beta-glucuronidase gene belonging to family 2 glycosyl hydrolases was detected in 10 of the 40 isolates based on degenerate PCR. These included all nine isolates that gave positive assays for beta-glucuronidase activity, suggesting that the degenerate PCR could provide a useful assay for the capacity to produce beta-glucuronidase in the gut community. beta-Glucuronidase activity was induced by growth on d-glucuronic acid, or by addition of 4-nitrophenol-glucuronide, in Roseburia hominis A2-183, while beta-glucosidase activity was induced by 4-nitrophenol-glucopyranoside. Inducibility varied between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dabek
- Microbial Ecology Group, Gut Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK
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Tao H, Peralta-Yahya P, Decatur J, Cornish VW. Characterization of a new glycosynthase cloned by using chemical complementation. Chembiochem 2008; 9:681-4. [PMID: 18330853 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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15
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VanFossen AL, Lewis DL, Nichols JD, Kelly RM. Polysaccharide Degradation and Synthesis by Extremely Thermophilic Anaerobes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1125:322-37. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1419.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Conners SB, Mongodin EF, Johnson MR, Montero CI, Nelson KE, Kelly RM. Microbial biochemistry, physiology, and biotechnology of hyperthermophilic Thermotoga species. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006; 30:872-905. [PMID: 17064285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing of microbial genomes has allowed the application of functional genomics methods to species lacking well-developed genetic systems. For the model hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima, microarrays have been used in comparative genomic hybridization studies to investigate diversity among Thermotoga species. Transcriptional data have assisted in prediction of pathways for carbohydrate utilization, iron-sulfur cluster synthesis and repair, expolysaccharide formation, and quorum sensing. Structural genomics efforts aimed at the T. maritima proteome have yielded hundreds of high-resolution datasets and predicted functions for uncharacterized proteins. The information gained from genomics studies will be particularly useful for developing new biotechnology applications for T. maritima enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B Conners
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
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Kim YW, Chen H, Kim JH, Withers SG. Catalytic properties of a mutant β-galactosidase fromXanthomonas manihotisengineered to synthesize galactosyl-thio-β-1,3 and -β-1,4-glycosides. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4377-81. [PMID: 16844121 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The identity of the acid/base catalyst of the Family 35 beta-galactosidases from Xanthomonas manihotis (BgaX) has been confirmed as Glu184 by kinetic analysis of mutants modified at that position. The Glu184Ala mutant of BgaX is shown to function as an efficient thioglycoligase, which synthesises thiogalactosides with linkages to the 3 and 4 positions of glucosides and galactosides in high (>80%) yields. Kinetic analysis of the thioglycoligase reveals glycosyl donor K(m) values of 1.5-21 microM and glycosyl acceptor K(m) values from 180 to 500 microM. This mutant should be a valuable catalyst for the synthesis of metabolically stable analogues of this important glycosidic linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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18
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Müllegger J, Chen HM, Chan WY, Reid SP, Jahn M, Warren RAJ, Salleh HM, Withers SG. Thermostable Glycosynthases and Thioglycoligases Derived from
Thermotoga maritima
β‐Glucuronidase. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1028-30. [PMID: 16795119 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Müllegger
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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