1
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Kan Y, Li H, Li JP. Overview of the current procedures in synthesis of heparin saccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122220. [PMID: 38823902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural heparin, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating hexuronic acid and glucosamine linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds, is the most widely used anticoagulant. To subvert the dependence on animal sourced heparin, alternative methods to produce heparin saccharides, i.e., either heterogenous sugar chains similar to natural heparin, or structurally defined oligosaccharides, are becoming hot subjects. Although the success by chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, encourages to proceed through a chemical approach generating homogenous product, synthesizing larger oligos is still cumbersome and beyond reach so far. Alternatively, the chemoenzymatic pathway exhibited exquisite stereoselectivity of glycosylation and regioselectivity of modification, with the advantage to skip the tedious protection steps unavoidable in chemical synthesis. However, to a scale of drug production needed today is still not in sight. In comparison, a procedure of de novo biosynthesis in an organism could be an ultimate goal. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current available/developing strategies and techniques, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture for production of heparin saccharides to replenish or eventually to replace the animal derived products. In chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches, the methodologies are discussed according to the synthesis procedures: building block preparation, chain elongation, and backbone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Xu Z, Hao T, Wang PG, Zhao W, Li T. Design and Synthesis of Neutralizable Fondaparinux. JACS AU 2022; 2:2791-2799. [PMID: 36590263 PMCID: PMC9795572 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a clinically approved anticoagulant pentasaccharide for the treatment of thrombotic diseases, displays better efficacy and biosafety than other heparin-based anticoagulant drugs. However, there is no suitable antidote available for fondaparinux to efficiently manage its potential bleeding risks, thereby precluding its widespread use. Herein, we describe a convergent and stereocontrolled approach to efficiently synthesize an aminopentyl-functionalized pentasaccharide, which is further used to prepare fondaparinux-based biotin conjugates and clusters. Biological activity evaluation demonstrates that the anticoagulant activity of the fondaparinux-based biotin conjugate and trimer is, respectively, neutralized by avidin and protamine as effective antidotes. This work suggests that our synthetic biotin conjugate and trimer have potential for the development of neutralizable and safe anticoagulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhang
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhui Hao
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School
of Medicine, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College
of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory
of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Mende M, Bednarek C, Wawryszyn M, Sauter P, Biskup MB, Schepers U, Bräse S. Chemical Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8193-255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christin Bednarek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirella Wawryszyn
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Sauter
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Moritz B. Biskup
- Division
2—Informatics, Economics and Society, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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4
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Dai X, Liu W, Zhou Q, Cheng C, Yang C, Wang S, Zhang M, Tang P, Song H, Zhang D, Qin Y. Formal Synthesis of Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux Sodium. J Org Chem 2015; 81:162-84. [PMID: 26650028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The practical formal synthesis of the anticoagulant drug fondaparinux sodium 1 was accomplished using an optimized modular synthetic strategy. The important pentasaccharide 2, a precursor for the synthesis of fondaparinux sodium, was synthesized on a 10 g scale in 14 collective steps with 3.5% overall yield from well-functionalized monosaccharide building blocks. The strategy involved a convergent [3 + 2] coupling approach, with excellent stereoselectivity in every step of glycosylation from the monosaccharide building blocks. Efficient routes to the syntheses of these fully functionalized building blocks were developed, minimizing oligosaccharide stage functional-group modifications. The syntheses of all building blocks avoided rigorous reaction conditions and the use of expensive reagents. In addition, common intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions were employed to enhance synthetic efficiency, improving the yield considerably. In the monosaccharide-to-oligosaccharide assembly reactions, cheaper activators (e.g., NIS/TfOH, TESOTf, and TfOH) were used to facilitate highly efficient glycosylations. Furthermore, crystallization of several monosaccharide and oligosaccharide intermediates significantly simplified purification procedures, which would be greatly beneficial to the scalable synthesis of fondaparinux sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dai
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chunwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Pei Tang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
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5
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Mohamed S, Ferro V. Synthetic Approaches to L-Iduronic Acid and L-Idose: Key Building Blocks for the Preparation of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 72:21-61. [PMID: 26613814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
L-Iduronic acid (IdoA) is an important monosaccharide component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. GAGs are complex, highly sulfated polysaccharides that mediate a multitude of physiological and pathological processes via their interactions with a range of diverse proteins. The main challenge in the synthesis of GAG oligosaccharides is the efficient gram-scale preparation of IdoA building blocks since neither IdoA nor L-idose is commercially available or readily accessible from natural sources. In this review, the different synthetic approaches for the preparation of IdoA and its derivatives, including L-idose, are presented and discussed. Derivatives of the latter are often used in GAG synthesis and are elaborated to IdoA via selective oxidation at C-6 after incorporation into a GAG chain. Particular focus will be given to the preparation of IdoA synthons most commonly used for GAG oligosaccharide synthesis, and on the progress made since the last systematic review in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Li J, Dai Y, Li W, Laval S, Xu P, Yu B. Effective Synthesis of α-d-GlcN-(1→4)-d-GlcA/l-IdoA Glycosidic Linkage under Gold(I) Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Stéphane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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7
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Wu B, Wei N, Thon V, Wei M, Yu Z, Xu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Wang PG, Li T. Facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of biotinylated heparosan hexasaccharide. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5098-101. [PMID: 25858766 PMCID: PMC4472006 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A biotinylated heparosan hexasaccharide was synthesized using a one-pot multi-enzyme strategy, in situ activation and transfer of N-trifluoroacetylglucosamine (GlcNTFA) to a heparin backbone significantly improved the synthetic efficiency. The biotinylated hexasaccharide could serve as a flexible core to diversify its conversion into heparan sulfate isoforms with potential biological applications and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vireak Thon
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mohui Wei
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zaikuan Yu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tiehai Li
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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8
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Zhou J, Yang L, Hu W. Stereoselective synthesis of a sulfated tetrasaccharide corresponding to a rare sequence in the galactofucan isolated from Sargassum polycystum. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4718-26. [PMID: 24766314 DOI: 10.1021/jo500503r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first chemical synthesis of a highly sulfated tetrasaccharide 1, as the rare sequence in the galactofucan isolated from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum, was achieved in a convergent and stereoselective manner. The key features of the synthetic strategy include construction of multiple contiguous 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds and [2 + 2] assembly based on the rationally developed d-galactose building block 6. The synthesized oligosaccharides were fully characterized using a combination of coupled-HSQC and other 2D NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Shanghai, 200062, PR China
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9
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Li T, Ye H, Cao X, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhou L, Liu Q, Wang W, Shen J, Zhao W, Wang P. Total Synthesis of Anticoagulant Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1071-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Xu P, Xu W, Dai Y, Yang Y, Yu B. Efficient synthesis of a library of heparin tri- and tetrasaccharides relevant to the substrate of heparanase. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A robust glycosylation protocol was fixed to construct the GlcN–(1α→4)-GlcA/IdoA linkagesen routeto heparin oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weichang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Tetrasaccharide iteration synthesis of a heparin-like dodecasaccharide and radiolabelling for in vivo tissue distribution studies. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2016. [PMID: 23828390 PMCID: PMC3715853 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-like oligosaccharides mediate numerous important biological interactions, of which many are implicated in various diseases. Synthetic improvements are central to the development of such oligosaccharides as therapeutics and, in addition, there are no methods to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of structurally defined heparin-like oligosaccharides. Here we report an efficient two-cycle [4+4+4] tetrasaccharide-iteration-based approach for rapid chemical synthesis of a structurally defined heparin-related dodecasaccharide, combined with the incorporation of a latent aldehyde tag, unmasked in the final step of chemical synthesis, providing a generic end group for labelling/conjugation. We exploit this latent aldehyde tag for 3H radiolabelling to provide the first example of this kind of agent for monitoring in vivo tissue distribution and in vivo stability of a biologically active, structurally defined heparin related dodecasaccharide. Such studies are critical for the development of related saccharide therapeutics, and the data here establish that a biologically active, synthetic, heparin-like dodecasaccharide provides good organ distribution, and serum lifetimes relevant to developing future oligosaccharide therapeutics. Heparin-like oligosaccharides are implicated in various diseases. Hansen et al. report an efficient two-cycle [4+4+4] tetrasaccharide-iteration-based approach to synthesize a structurally defined heparin dodecasaccharide with a latent aldehyde tag for labelling and conjugation.
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12
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Schwörer R, Zubkova OV, Turnbull JE, Tyler PC. Synthesis of a targeted library of heparan sulfate hexa- to dodecasaccharides as inhibitors of β-secretase: potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Chemistry 2013; 19:6817-23. [PMID: 23553710 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HS) are a class of sulfated polysaccharides that function as dynamic biological regulators of the functions of diverse proteins. The structural basis of these interactions, however, remains elusive, and chemical synthesis of defined structures represents a challenging but powerful approach for unravelling the structure-activity relationships of their complex sulfation patterns. HS has been shown to function as an inhibitor of the β-site cleaving enzyme β-secretase (BACE1), a protease responsible for generating the toxic Aβ peptides that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with 6-O-sulfation identified as a key requirement. Here, we demonstrate a novel generic synthetic approach to HS oligosaccharides applied to production of a library of 16 hexa- to dodecasaccharides targeted at BACE1 inhibition. Screening of this library provided new insights into structure-activity relationships for optimal BACE1 inhibition, and yielded a number of potent non-anticoagulant BACE1 inhibitors with potential for development as leads for treatment of AD through lowering of Aβ peptide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schwörer
- Carbohydrate Chemistry, Industrial Research, Ltd. P. O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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13
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Lin F, Lian G, Zhou Y. Synthesis of Fondaparinux: modular synthesis investigation for heparin synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2013; 371:32-9. [PMID: 23474455 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The anti-thromboembolic pentasaccharide Fondaparinux was synthesized in 36 steps for the longest linear route, with 0.017% overall yield from D-glucose. Only three kinds of protecting groups were used for hydroxyl protection, Bn, Ac, and Bz, to accomplish this complex synthesis without decreasing the synthetic efficiency. Three L-idopyranosyl donors were investigated. Thioethyl glycoside is an efficient donor for L-idopyranosyl glycosylation with full α-selectivity, while L-idopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate resulted in poor α/β selectivity. A practical synthesis of key intermediate 1,6-anhydro-L-idopyranose 17 by H(+)/β-CD catalyst was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1111 Zhongshanbeiyi Road, Shanghai 200437, China.
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14
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Lázár L, Mező E, Herczeg M, Lipták A, Antus S, Borbás A. Synthesis of the non-reducing end trisaccharide of the antithrombin-binding domain of heparin and its bioisosteric sulfonic acid analogues. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Hung SC, Lu XA, Lee JC, Chang MDT, Fang SL, Fan TC, Zulueta MML, Zhong YQ. Synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides and their interaction with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 10:760-72. [PMID: 22143347 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient route for the synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides involving regioselective protection of D-glucosamine and a concise preparation of rare L-ido sugars from diacetone α-D-glucose is described. Stereoselective coupling of a D-glucosamine-derived trichloroacetimidate with a 1,6-anhydro-β-L-idopyranosyl 4-alcohol gave the desired α-linked disaccharide, which was used as repeating unit for dual chain elongation and termination. Stepwise assembly from the reducing to the non-reducing end with a D-glucosamine-derived monosaccharide as starting unit furnished the oligosaccharide skeletons having different chain lengths. A series of functional group transformations afforded the expected heparin oligosaccharides with 3, 5 and 7 sugar units. Interaction of these oligosaccharides with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), a cationic ribonuclease and a mediator produced by human eosinophils, was further investigated. The results revealed that at 5 μg mL(-1), the heptasaccharide has sufficiently strong interference to block EDN binding to Beas-2B cells. The tri- and pentasaccharides have moderate inhibitory properties at 50 μg mL(-1) concentration, but no inhibition has been observed at 10 μg mL(-1). The IC(50) values of the tri-, penta- and heptasaccharides are 69.4, 47.2 and 0.225 μg mL(-1), respectively.
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16
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Design and synthesis of novel cell wall inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis GlmM and GlmU. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1714-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Yun K, Kondempudi CM, Choi HD, Kang JS, Son BW. Microbial Mannosidation of Bioactive Chlorogentisyl Alcohol by the Marine-Derived Fungus Chrysosporium synchronum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:499-501. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keumja Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University
| | | | | | | | - Byeng Wha Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University
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18
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Synthesis of sulfonic acid analogues of the non-reducing end trisaccharide of the antithrombin binding domain of heparin. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Schelwies M, Brinson D, Otsuki S, Hong YH, Lotz MK, Wong CH, Hanson SR. Glucosamine-6-sulfamate analogues of heparan sulfate as inhibitors of endosulfatases. Chembiochem 2010; 11:2393-7. [PMID: 20973023 PMCID: PMC3086843 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keeping Sulfate. The extracellular endosulfatases, which modulate signalling pathways by removing sulfate groups from heparan, can be inhibited by replacing the 6-sulfate destined for cleavage with an inhibitory sulfamate motif, as demonstrated by simple glucosamine-6-sulfamate analogs of heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schelwies
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Diana Brinson
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Shuhei Otsuki
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Young-Hoon Hong
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Sarah R. Hanson
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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20
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Saito A, Wakao M, Deguchi H, Mawatari A, Sobel M, Suda Y. Towards the assembly of heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharide libraries: efficient synthesis of uronic acid and disaccharide building blocks. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:3951-3962. [PMID: 20473366 PMCID: PMC2869207 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The monosaccharide moieties found in heparin (HP) and heparan sulfate (HS), glucosamine and two kinds of uronic acids, glucuronic and iduronic acids, were efficiently synthesized by use of glucosamine hydrochloride and glucurono-6,3-lactone as starting compounds. In the synthesis of the disaccharide building block, the key issues of preparation of uronic acids (glucuronic acid and iduronic acid moieties) were achieved in 12 steps and 15 steps, respectively, without cumbersome C-6 oxidation. The resulting monosaccharide moieties were utilized to the syntheses of HP/HS disaccharide building blocks possessing glucosamine-glucuronic acid (GlcN-GlcA) or iduronic acid (GlcN-IdoA) sequences. The disaccharide building blocks were also suitable for further modification such as glycosylation, selective deprotection, and sulfation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Deguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Aya Mawatari
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Michael Sobel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, 1-42-1, Shiroyama, Kagoshima 890-0013, Japan
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21
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De novo synthesis of differentially protected l-iduronic acid glycosylating agents. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:948-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Manabe S. The Synthesis of 1,2-cis-Amino Containing Oligosaccharides Toward Biological Investigation. Methods Enzymol 2010; 478:413-35. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)78020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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23
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Arungundram S, Al-Mafraji K, Asong J, Leach FE, Amster IJ, Venot A, Turnbull JE, Boons GJ. Modular synthesis of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17394-405. [PMID: 19904943 PMCID: PMC2820250 DOI: 10.1021/ja907358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although hundreds of heparan sulfate binding proteins have been identified and implicated in a myriad of physiological and pathological processes, very little information is known about the ligand requirements for binding and mediating biological activities by these proteins. This difficulty results from a lack of technology for establishing structure-activity relationships, which in turn is due to the structural complexity of natural heparan sulfate (HS) and difficulties of preparing well-defined HS oligosaccharides. To address this deficiency, we developed a modular approach for the parallel combinatorial synthesis of HS oligosaccharides that utilizes a relatively small number of selectively protected disaccharide building blocks, which can easily be converted into glycosyl donors and acceptors. The utility of the modular building blocks has been demonstrated by the preparation of a library of 12 oligosaccharides, which has been employed to probe the structural features of HS for inhibiting the protease, BACE-1. The complex variations in activity with structural changes support the view that important functional information is embedded in HS sequences. Furthermore, the most active derivative provides an attractive lead compound for the preparation of more potent compounds, which may find use as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Arungundram
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - Kanar Al-Mafraji
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
| | - Jinkeng Asong
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - Franklin E. Leach
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - I. Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - Andre Venot
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Center for Glycobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
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24
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Chen C, Xu W, Yu B. Synthesis of a tetrasaccharide substrate of heparanase. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2853-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Martín Á, Pérez-Martín I, Quintanal LM, Suárez E. Intramolecular 1,8-Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Stereoselectivity of the Hexopyranos-5′-yl Radical Reactions in Hexp-(1→4)-Hexp Disaccharide Systems. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7710-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Martín
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez-Martín
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luís M. Quintanal
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Suárez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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26
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Application of the 4-trifluoromethylbenzenepropargyl ether group as an unhindered, electron deficient protecting group for stereoselective glycosylation. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5173-6. [PMID: 18529028 DOI: 10.1021/jo7023398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
4-Trifluoromethylbenzenepropargyl ethers are stable and sterically minimal alcohol protecting groups that are readily cleaved in a single step by exposure to lithium naphthalenide. In conjunction with the 4,6-O-benzylidene protecting group, glycosylation reactions of 2-O-(4-trifluoromethylbenzenepropargyl)-protected mannosyl donors are extremely beta-selective.
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27
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Wakao M, Saito A, Ohishi K, Kishimoto Y, Nishimura T, Sobel M, Suda Y. Sugar Chips immobilized with synthetic sulfated disaccharides of heparin/heparan sulfate partial structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2499-504. [PMID: 18343110 PMCID: PMC2423310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate chip technology has a great potential for the high-throughput evaluation of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Herein, we report syntheses of novel sulfated oligosaccharides possessing heparin and heparan sulfate partial disaccharide structures, their immobilization on gold-coated chips to prepare array-type Sugar Chips, and evaluation of binding potencies of proteins by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging technology. Sulfated oligosaccharides were efficiently synthesized from glucosamine and uronic acid moieties. Synthesized sulfated oligosaccharides were then easily immobilized on gold-coated chips using previously reported methods. The effectiveness of this analytical method was confirmed in binding experiments between the chips and heparin binding proteins, fibronectin and recombinant human von Willebrand factor A1 domain (rh-vWf-A1), where specific partial structures of heparin or heparan sulfate responsible for binding were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Wakao
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akihiro Saito
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Koh Ohishi
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuko Kishimoto
- SUDx-Biotec corporation, 5-5-2 Minatojima-cho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishimura
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec corporation, 5-5-2 Minatojima-cho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Michael Sobel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec corporation, 5-5-2 Minatojima-cho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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28
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Tatai J, Osztrovszky G, Kajtár-Peredy M, Fügedi P. An efficient synthesis of l-idose and l-iduronic acid thioglycosides and their use for the synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:596-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Abstract
A highly efficient one-pot methodology is described for the synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides utilizing thioglycosides with well-defined reactivity as building blocks. L-Idopyranosyl and D-glucopyranosyl thioglycosides 5 and 10 were used as donors due to low reactivity of uronic acids as the glycosyl donors in the one-pot synthesis. The formation of uronic acids by a selective oxidation at C-6 was performed after assembly of the oligosaccharides. The efficiency of this programmable strategy with the flexibility for sulfate incorporation was demonstrated in the representative synthesis of disaccharides 17, 18, tetrasaccharide 23, and pentasaccharide 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Polat
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, E-mail:
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, E-mail:
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