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Alfonso C, Sobrinos-Sanguino M, Luque-Ortega JR, Zorrilla S, Monterroso B, Nuero OM, Rivas G. Studying Macromolecular Interactions of Cellular Machines by the Combined Use of Analytical Ultracentrifugation, Light Scattering, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 3234:89-107. [PMID: 38507202 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-52193-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cellular machines formed by the interaction and assembly of macromolecules are essential in many processes of the living cell. These assemblies involve homo- and hetero-associations, including protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-RNA, and protein-polysaccharide associations, most of which are reversible. This chapter describes the use of analytical ultracentrifugation, light scattering, and fluorescence-based methods, well-established biophysical techniques, to characterize interactions leading to the formation of macromolecular complexes and their modulation in response to specific or unspecific factors. We also illustrate, with several examples taken from studies on bacterial processes, the advantages of the combined use of subsets of these techniques as orthogonal analytical methods to analyze protein oligomerization and polymerization, interactions with ligands, hetero-associations involving membrane proteins, and protein-nucleic acid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alfonso
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Sobrinos-Sanguino
- Molecular Interactions Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Román Luque-Ortega
- Molecular Interactions Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Zorrilla
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Monterroso
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar M Nuero
- Molecular Interactions Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Rivas
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Li T, Wang Q, Yang Y, Song D. The mechanism of polysaccharide synthesis of Sanghuangporus sanghuang based on multi-omic analyses and feedback inhibition. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121288. [PMID: 37739500 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
S. sanghuang polysaccharide has various biological roles in promoting human health, however, the underlying mechanism of polysaccharide synthesis in S. sanghuang remain elusive. In the present study, the molecular structure of novel polysaccharide in the mutant S. sanghuang strain A130 with high yield of polysaccharide was characterized. The critical genes/proteins and pathways involved in polysaccharide synthesis were investigated via comparative transcriptomic, proteomic, and integrative analysis between wildtype strain SH-1 and A130. An integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic results was also performed to locate potential regulators in the production of polysaccharides. The genes of cellobiohydrolase1 (CBH1) and MutS Homolog 6 (MSH6) related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were differentially expressed between A130 and SH-1, suggesting the potential involvement of these genes in regulating the production of polysaccharide. Proteomic analysis revealed that the abundance of Tyrosinase (TYR) and Trehalase (TREH) were substantially different between A130 and SH-1. The potential involvement of TYR in polysaccharide production was confirmed by transcriptomic-proteomic integrated analysis. The biological role of TYR and TREH in polysaccharide production was further verified by feedback inhibition of kojic acid and validamycin A, respectively. Overall, our study provides critical insights for the polysaccharide synthesis and high yield of polysaccharide through genes/pathways regulating in S. sanghuang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu hospital, China; Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu hospital, China; Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dingka Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
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Li T, Chen L, Wu D, Dong G, Chen W, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wu W. The Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Intracellular Polysaccharide Derived from Mutagenic Sanghuangporous sanghuang Strain. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163693. [PMID: 32823661 PMCID: PMC7464456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporous sanghuang is a rare medicinal fungus which contains polysaccharide as the main active substance and was used to treat gynecological diseases in ancient China. The intracellular polysaccharide yield of S. sanghuang was enhanced by the strain A130 which was screened from mutant strains via atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of ARTP mutagenesis on structural characteristics and biological activities of intracellular polysaccharides from S. sanghuang. Six intracellular polysaccharide components were obtained from S. sanghuang mycelia cultivated by the mutagenic strain (A130) and original strain (SH1), respectively. The results revealed that the yields of polysaccharide fractions A130-20, A130-50 and A130-70 isolated from the mutagenic strain fermentation mycelia were significantly higher than those of the original ones by 1.5-, 1.3- and 1.2-fold, and the clear physicochemical differences were found in polysaccharide fractions precipitated by 20% ethanol. A130-20 showed a relatively expanded branching chain with higher molecular weight and better in vitro macrophage activation activities and the IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α production activities of macrophages were improved by stimulation of A130-20 from the mutagenic strain. This study demonstrates that ARTP is a novel and powerful tool to breed a high polysaccharide yield strain of S. sanghuang and may, therefore, contribute to the large-scale utilization of rare medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Linjun Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Di Wu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Guochao Dong
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Wanchao Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Henan Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6220-9765 (Y.Y.); +86-21-6190-0388 (W.W.)
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6220-9765 (Y.Y.); +86-21-6190-0388 (W.W.)
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Off-line comprehensive size exclusion chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of lignocellulosic biomass products. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yelithao K, Surayot U, Lee C, Palanisamy S, Prabhu NM, Lee J, You S. Studies on structural properties and immune-enhancing activities of glycomannans from Schizophyllum commune. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gel properties of xanthan containing a single repeating unit with saturated pyruvate produced by an engineered Xanthomonas campestris CGMCC 15155. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee J, Li C, Surayot U, Yelithao K, Lee S, Park W, Tabarsa M, You S. Molecular structures, chemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharide from Smilax glabra rhizome. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1726-1733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Huang H, Wu M, Yang H, Li X, Ren M, Li G, Ma T. Structural and physical properties of sanxan polysaccharide from Sphingomonas sanxanigenens. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:410-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu C, Chen J, Chen L, Huang X, Cheung PCK. Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharide-Protein Complex from the Mushroom Sclerotia of Polyporus rhinocerus in Murine Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3206-3214. [PMID: 27054263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complex (PRW1) isolated from the sclerotia of an edible mushroom Polyporus rhinocerus which was purified by membrane ultrafiltration could significantly activate murine macrophages RAW264.7 in vitro. PRW1 had a molecular weight of less than 50 kDa and was found to be a highly branched heteropolysaccharide-protein complex composed of 45.7 ± 0.97% polysaccharide and 44.2 ± 0.41% protein. Based on the results of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the carbohydrate moiety of PRW1 was found to be a β-d-mannoglucan with its backbone containing →1)-d-Glcp-(4→, →1)-d-Glcp-(6→, and →1)-d-Manp-(2→ residues (molar ratio of 5:4:6) and having terminal d-Glcp as side chain (degree of branching of 0.62). In vitro studies showed that PRW1 significantly induced NO production and enhanced the release of a variety of cytokines including G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL12p40/70, MCP-1, MCP-5, MIP-1-α, MIP-2, RANTES, sTNFRI, and TNF-α. Mechanistically, PRW1 treatment triggered ERK phosphorylation to activate macrophages within 15 min and significantly increased the expression level of inducible NOS after 6 h. In summary, this study indicates that PRW1 derived from the sclerotia of P. rhinocerus is a potential immunomodulatory agent for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China
| | - Jialun Chen
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xuesong Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China
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Purification and Partial Characterization of an Acidic α-Glucan–Protein Complex from the Fruiting Body ofPleurotus sajor-cajuand Its Effect on Macrophage Activation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1884-90. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Molecular Characteristics of Water-Soluble Extracts fromHypsizigus marmoreusand Theirin VitroGrowth Inhibition of Various Cancer Cell Lines and Immunomodulatory Function in Raw 264.7 Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:891-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Nanotechnology uses the unique properties of objects that function as a unit within the overall size range of 1-1,000 nanometres. The engineering of nanostructure materials, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions or nanotubules, holds great promise for the development of new immunomodulatory agents, as such nanostructures can be used to more effectively manipulate or deliver immunologically active components to target sites. Successful applications of nanotechnology in the field of immunology will enable new generations of vaccines, adjuvants and immunomodulatory drugs that aim to improve clinical outcomes in response to a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Yi Y, Zhang MW, Liao ST, Zhang RF, Deng YY, Wei ZC, Yang B. Effects of alkali dissociation on the molecular conformation and immunomodulatory activity of longan pulp polysaccharide (LPI). Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Physicochemical characteristics and immunomodulatory activities of three polysaccharide-protein complexes of longan pulp. Molecules 2011; 16:6148-64. [PMID: 21778950 PMCID: PMC6264155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16076148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three polysaccharide-protein complexes of longan pulp (LP1-3) were isolated in this work. Their physicochemical characteristics and immunomodulatory effects on splenocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages in vitro were investigated. The carbohydrate portions of LP1-3 were principally composed of glucose, arabinose and mannose. LP3 displayed the maximal moisture absorption, and the thermal stability of LP2 was obviously higher than that of LP1 and LP3. All of them showed the characteristic polysaccharide and protein bands in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum. For a certain dose, all the fractions could significantly stimulate splenocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis against neutral red, and NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cell (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the polysaccharide-protein complexes of longan pulp have medical potential as immunotherapeutic adjuvants due to their immunomodulatory activities.
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Simon S, Païro B, Villain M, D'Abzac P, Van Hullebusch E, Lens P, Guibaud G. Evaluation of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for the characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in anaerobic granular sludges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:6258-68. [PMID: 19660939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from three granular and one flocculant anaerobic sludges were characterised by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using two serially linked chromatographic columns in order to obtain more detailed chromatograms. A Superdex peptide 10/300 GL (0.1-7 kDa) and Superdex 20010/300 GL (10-600 kDa) from Amersham Biosciences were used in series with a mobile phase at pH 7 with an ionic strength of 0.223 M (phosphate buffer 50 mM and NaCl 150 mM). A part of the EPS molecules displays hydrophobic and/or ionic interactions with the column packing. Interactions could be modified by changing the mobile phase ionic strength or polarity (addition of acetonitrile). The detection wavelength (210 or 280 nm) affects strongly the EPS chromatogram. For a sludge originating from the same type of biofilms (i.e., anaerobic granules), the differences in EPS fingerprints are mainly due to differences in the absorbance of the chromatographic peaks, linked to EPS molecules content and composition. The EPS fingerprint changes significantly when the EPS originate from another type of anaerobic sludges. In addition, EPS fingerprints were affected by the extraction method used (centrifugation only; heat and centrifugation or cationic exchange resin and centrifugation). This phenomenon was observed mainly for the largest and smallest molecules and molecules which display interactions with column packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Simon
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123, Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
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Chemical modification and antitumor activities of two polysaccharide-protein complexes from Pleurotus tuber-regium. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:109-15. [PMID: 19397923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes, extracted from Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotia, were modified chemically to obtain their sulfated and carboxymethylated derivatives. While C6 position of glucan was fully substituted, C2, C3, and C4 were only partially substituted by sulfate groups. C3, C4, and C6 position of glucan were partially substituted during the carboxymethylation. Chain conformation and antitumor activity of the native samples and their derivatives were studied. The native samples and derivatives existed in sphere conformation, and showed potent in vitro antitumor activities. Water-solubility and introduction of ionic groups played important roles in enhancing the antitumor activities of the polysaccharide-protein complexes.
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17
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Purification and application of α-galactosidase from germinating coffee beans (Coffea arabica). Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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