1
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Verma N, Raghuvanshi DS, Singh RV. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of oleanolic acid and its derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116619. [PMID: 38981335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpenes represent a significant class of plant bioactives with a variety of structures and a wide array of biological activities. These are biosynthetically produced via the mevalonate pathway although occasionally mixed pathways may also occur to introduce structural divergence. Oleanolic acid is one of the most explored bioactive from this class of compounds and possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities including liver protection, anti-cancer, atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic etc. This review provides an overview of the latest research findings, highlighting the versatile medicinal and biological potential of oleanolic and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsingh Verma
- R&D, Technology, and Innovation, Merck-Life Science, Jigani, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | | | - Ravindra Vikram Singh
- R&D, Technology, and Innovation, Merck-Life Science, Jigani, Bangalore, 560100, India.
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2
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Wu T, Yao X, Wang G, Liu X, Chen H, Yang Z, Zheng X. Oleanolic Acid Derived from Plants: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of A-ring Modified Derivatives. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200420115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Oleanolic Acid (OA) is a ubiquitous product of triterpenoid compounds.
Due to its inexpensive availability, unique bioactivities, pharmacological effects and non-toxic
properties, OA has attracted tremendous interest in the field of drug design and synthesis. Furthermore,
many OA derivatives have been developed for ameliorating the poor water solubility and bioavailability.
Objective:
Over the past few decades, various modifications of the OA framework structure have led
to the observation of enhancement in bioactivity. Herein, we focused on the synthesis and medicinal
performance of OA derivatives modified on A-ring. Moreover, we clarified the relationship between
structures and activities of OA derivatives with different functional groups in A-ring. The future application
of OA in the field of drug design and development also was discussed and inferred.
Conclusion:
This review concluded the novel achievements that could add paramount information
to the further study of OA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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3
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Brusentseva OI, Kharitonov YV, Dolgikh MP, Tolstikova TG, Shul’ts EE. Synthesis and Analgesic Activity Assessment of Furanolabdanoid Conjugates with Glucuronic Acid. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-03119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Vinh LB, Jang HJ, Phong NV, Cho K, Park SS, Kang JS, Kim YH, Yang SY. Isolation, structural elucidation, and insights into the anti-inflammatory effects of triterpene saponins from the leaves of Stauntonia hexaphylla. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:965-969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Zhao D, Li X, Zhao Y, Qiao P, Tang D, Chen Y, Xue C, Li C, Liu S, Wang J, Lu S, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Shu B, Feng X. Oleanolic acid exerts bone protective effects in ovariectomized mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:76-85. [PMID: 29703642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP) is quite prevalent and many new drugs are under development to obtain better therapeutic outcomes. Oleanolic acid (OA) has been reported to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by stimulating osteoblastogenesis. One previous study has demonstrated that acetate of OA suppressed lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced bone loss in mice. However, the role of OA in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis is still not elucidated. Here we show that OA dose-dependently inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and the formation of functional osteoclasts without impairing the viability and osteoclastic potential in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Moreover, OA administration attenuates bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclast's densities. Mechanistically, OA does not affect RANKL-induced activation of the NF-кB, JNK, p38, ERK and Akt pathways, but inhibits the expression of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1(NFATc1) and c-Fos. Moreover, OA significantly suppresses the expression of RANKL-activated osteoclast genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), Cathepsin K(Ctsk), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and carbonic anhydrase II (Car2). This work has elucidated the molecular mechanism of OA in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and revealed the promising potential of OA to be further developed as a new drug to prevent and treat POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Dezhi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunchun Xue
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shufen Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Orthopedics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bing Shu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xu Feng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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6
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Pavic Q, Tranchimand S, Lemiègre L, Legentil L. Diversion of a thioglycoligase for the synthesis of 1-O-acyl arabinofuranoses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5550-5553. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01726c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An arabinofuranosylhydrolase from the GH51 family was transformed into an acyl transferase by mutation of the catalytic acid/base amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Pavic
- Univ Rennes
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Sylvain Tranchimand
- Univ Rennes
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- Univ Rennes
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Laurent Legentil
- Univ Rennes
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
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7
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Meng YQ, Zhao YW, Kuai ZY, Liu LW, Li W. Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of novel oleanolic acid derivatives. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:1000-1010. [PMID: 28140665 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1283310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ten novel oleanolic acid (OA) derivatives were synthesized through modifications at positions of A ring and C-28. Inhibitory activities of the oleanolic acid derivatives against SGC7901 and A549 cell lines were evaluated and confirmed by the tetrazolium bromidesalt (MTT) assay. The lab results revealed that all these compounds displayed some antitumor activity against SGC-7901 and A-549 cell lines. Among them, II4 and II5 exhibited excellent antitumor activities against SGC7901 cells and A549 cells, compared with gefitinib. Molecular docking studies have shown that compounds II4 and II5 produce potent antitumor activities by interacting with C-kit receptor through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Meng
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Zhen-Yu Kuai
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Wei Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
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8
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Konishi N, Shirahata T, Yokoyama M, Katsumi T, Ito Y, Hirata N, Nishino T, Makino K, Sato N, Nagai T, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Kaji E, Kobayashi Y. Synthesis of Bisdesmosidic Oleanolic Acid Saponins via a Glycosylation-Deprotection Sequence under Continuous Microfluidic/Batch Conditions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6703-6719. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruki Konishi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirahata
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaki Yokoyama
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsumi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hirata
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagai
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamada
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Strobykina IY, Andreeva OV, Garifullin BF, Sharipova RR, Kataev VE. First conjugate of glucuronic acid with triterpenoid dihydrobetulin. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Shirahata T, Nagai T, Hirata N, Yokoyama M, Katsumi T, Konishi N, Nishino T, Makino K, Yamada H, Kaji E, Kiyohara H, Kobayashi Y. Syntheses and mucosal adjuvant activity of simplified oleanolic acid saponins possessing cinnamoyl ester. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1747-1755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Wang WW, Xu SH, Zhao YZ, Zhang C, Zhang YY, Yu BY, Zhang J. Microbial hydroxylation and glycosylation of pentacyclic triterpenes as inhibitors on tissue factor procoagulant activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:1026-1030. [PMID: 28109788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To discover new inhibitors on tissue factor procoagulant activity, 20 pentacyclic triterpenes were semi-synthetized through microbial transformation and assayed on the model of human THP-1 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. In the biotransformation two types of reactions were observed, regio-selective hydroxylation and glycosylation. The bioassay results showed that most of tested compounds were significant effective on this model and two of the biotransformation products 23-hydroxy-28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl betulinic acid (3d) and 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl oleanic acid (1a) exhibited most potential activities with the IC50 values of 0.028, 0.035nM respectively. The preliminary structure and activity relationship analysis revealed that the aglycones with single free hydroxyl group on the skeleton (1, 1j) were less effective than that with more free hydroxyl groups (1d, 1f, 2), mono-glycosylation can significantly enhance their inhibitory effects. Our findings also provide some potential leading compounds for tissue factor-related diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ya-Zheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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12
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Mo WB, Su CH, Huang JY, Liu J, Chen ZF, Cheng KG. Synthesis of acyl oleanolic acid-uracil conjugates and their anti-tumor activity. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:69. [PMID: 27928425 PMCID: PMC5117584 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleanolic acid, which can be isolated from many foods and medicinal plants, has been reported to possess diverse biological activities. It has been found that the acylation of the hydroxyl groups of the A-ring in the triterpene skeleton of oleanolic acid could be favorable for biological activities. The pyrimidinyl group has been constructed in many new compounds in various anti-tumor studies. RESULTS Five acyl oleanolic acid-uracil conjugates were synthesized. Most of the IC50 values of these conjugates were lower than 10.0 μM, and some of them were even under 0.1 μM. Cytotoxicity selectivity detection revealed that conjugate 4c exhibited low cytotoxicity towards the normal human liver cell line HL-7702. Further studies revealed that 4c clearly possessed apoptosis inducing effects, could arrest the Hep-G2 cell line in the G1 phase, induce late-stage apoptosis, and activate effector caspase-3/9 to trigger apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Conjugates of five different acyl OA derivatives with uracil were synthesized and identified as possessing high selectivity toward tumor cell lines. These conjugates could induce apoptosis in Hep-G2 cells by triggering caspase-3/9 activity.Graphical abstractFive acyl oleanolic aicd-uracil conjugates were synthesized. These conjugates exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward tumor cells achieved via inducing apoptosis by activation of caspase-3/9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Mo
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Sport School, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Guang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
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13
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Che CT, Wong MS, Lam CWK. Natural Products from Chinese Medicines with Potential Benefits to Bone Health. Molecules 2016; 21:239. [PMID: 26927052 PMCID: PMC6274145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive, systemic bone disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and microstructure, leading to reduced bone strength and increased risk of fracture. It is often associated with reduced quality of life and other medical complications. The disease is common in the aging population, particularly among postmenopausal women and patients who receive long-term steroidal therapy. Given the rapid growth of the aging population, increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of bone loss, and financial burden to the healthcare system and individuals, demand for new therapeutic agents and nutritional supplements for the management and promotion of bone health is pressing. With the advent of global interest in complementary and alternative medicine and natural products, Chinese medicine serves as a viable source to offer benefits for the improvement and maintenance of bone health. This review summarizes the scientific information obtained from recent literatures on the chemical ingredients of Chinese medicinal plants that have been reported to possess osteoprotective and related properties in cell-based and/or animal models. Some of these natural products (or their derivatives) may become promising leads for development into dietary supplements or therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Man Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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14
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Che CT, Wong MS. Ligustrum lucidum and its Constituents: A Mini-Review on the Anti-Osteoporosis Potential. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder commonly occurred in aging populations, particularly postmenopausal women and patients who undergo long-term steroid or anti-estrogen therapies. Given the rapid growth of the aging population, the prevalence of bone loss, and the huge medical and healthcare cost involved, demand for alternative approaches for the promotion of bone health is pressing. With the advent of global interest in complementary and alternative medicine and natural products, Chinese medicine serves as a viable source that offers benefits to improve and maintain bone health. This review summarizes the scientific information on the Chinese medicinal herb Ligustrum lucidum and its chemical components as potential therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Thorsheim K, Siegbahn A, Johnsson RE, Stålbrand H, Manner S, Widmalm G, Ellervik U. Chemistry of xylopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2015; 418:65-88. [PMID: 26580709 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xylose is one of the few monosaccharidic building blocks that are used by mammalian cells. In comparison with other monosaccharides, xylose is rather unusual and, so far, only found in two different mammalian structures, i.e. in the Notch receptor and as the linker between protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in proteoglycans. Interestingly, simple soluble xylopyranosides can not only initiate the biosynthesis of soluble GAG chains but also function as inhibitors of important enzymes in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. Furthermore, xylose is a major constituent of hemicellulosic xylans and thus one of the most abundant carbohydrates on Earth. Altogether, this has spurred a strong interest in xylose chemistry. The scope of this review is to describe synthesis of xylopyranosyl donors, as well as protective group chemistry, modifications, and conformational analysis of xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Thorsheim
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Siegbahn
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard E Johnsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Feng S, Li C. Stereospecific, High-Yielding, and Green Synthesis of β-Glycosyl Esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5732-9. [PMID: 26042825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method of synthesizing β-glycosyl esters stereospecifically has been developed by treating O-benzyl-protected glycosyl chlorides with Cs2CO3, tetrabutylammomium bromide (TBAB), a carboxylic acid, water, and granular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at 80 °C under mechanical agitation. D-Glucosyl, D-xylosyl, and D-galactosyl chlorides and 20 carboxylic acids were used to demonstrate the scope of the reaction. Control experiments showed that the water and granular PTFE had indispensable roles. Water-soluble TBAB has been found to be as efficient as N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctyloctan-1-ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) in the reactions. After scaling up to 5-12 g, all of the products were obtained quantitatively via simple filtration and no organic solvents or chromatography was needed for the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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17
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Lyu Y, Feng X, Zhao P, Wu Z, Xu H, Fang Y, Hou Y, Denney L, Xu Y, Feng H. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) ethanol extract increases bone mineral density and improves bone properties in growing female rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:616-26. [PMID: 24362453 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. It is generally accepted that acquisition of a high peak bone mass (PBM) early in life can reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) ethanol extract on bone mineral density and its mechanical properties in growing female rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The rats were given different doses of FLL extract mixed with AIN-93G formula (0.40, 0.65 and 0.90 %), and a group given AIN-93G diet treatment only was used as control. The intervention lasted for 16 weeks until the animals were about 5 months old, the time when the animals almost reach their PBM. Our results showed that FLL treatment increased bone mineral density and improved bone mechanical properties in the growing female rats in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FLL treatment significantly decreased the serum bone-resorbing marker, CTX-I, while significantly increasing serum 25(OH)D3 and thereby increasing Ca absorption and Ca retention. Intriguingly, both in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that FLL treatment could reduce the RANKL/OPG ratio. In conclusion, FLL ethanol extract exerted beneficial effects on peak bone mass acquisition and the improvement of bone mechanical properties by favoring Ca metabolism and decreasing the RANKL/OPG ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lyu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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18
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Bhandari P, Patel NK, Gangwal RP, Sangamwar AT, Bhutani KK. Oleanolic acid analogs as NO, TNF-α and IL-1β inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Zaprutko L. Recent advances in synthesis and biological activity of triterpenic acylated oximes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:203-231. [PMID: 25859175 PMCID: PMC4379416 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades more and more attention has been paid to triterpenes-a group of compounds with five- or four-ring skeleton and carboxyl, hydroxyl or oxo groups. Triterpenes with unsubstituted C-3 hydroxyl group can be easily transformed into appropriate ketones and then into oximes. The carbonyl group can be created not only from the hydroxyl group at C-3 position, but also at C-2, C-12 or C-28 positions. Several methods of creation of two = NOH groups within one molecule of triterpene are known. There are also known triterpenes with two carbonyl groups, e.g. at C-3 and C-11 positions, which differ in reactivity: among them only C-3 group can be transformed into oxime. A reactive hydroxyimine group can undergo the action of acylating agents, such as carboxylic acids or their derivatives, also the ones with significant pharmacological activity. Acyl derivatives of triterpenic oximes exhibit important pharmacological activity. The biological tests performed with the use of cell cultures inoculated with viruses showed inhibitory activity of some triterpenic acyloximes against type 1 HSV (H7N1), ECHO-6 and HIV-1 viruses. Another acylated oximes derived from triterpenes shown cytotoxic or antiproliferative activity against many lines of cancer cells. In many cases the pharmacological effects of the tested acyloxyiminotriterpenes were comparable to those of appropriate standard drugs. One of the newest application of acyl derivatives of triterpenic oximes is their ability to form organogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. No. 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. No. 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Yu F, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Zheng Y, Xiao S, Wang H, Huang X, Zhu L, Chen K, Zhao C, Zhang C, Yu M, Sun D, Zhang L, Zhou D. Development of oleanane-type triterpenes as a new class of HCV entry inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4300-19. [PMID: 23662817 DOI: 10.1021/jm301910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry inhibitors represents an emerging approach that satisfies a tandem mechanism for use with other inhibitors in a multifaceted cocktail. By screening Chinese herbal extracts, oleanolic acid (OA) was found to display weak potency to inhibit HCV entry with an IC50 of 10 μM. Chemical exploration of this triterpene compound revealed its pharmacophore requirement for blocking HCV entry, rings A, B, and E, are conserved while ring D is tolerant of some modifications. Hydroxylation at C-16 significantly enhanced its potency for inhibiting HCV entry with IC50 at 1.4 μM. Further modification by conjugation of this new lead with a disaccharide at 28-COOH removed the undesired hemolytic effect and, more importantly, increased its potency by ~5-fold (54a, IC50 0.3 μM). Formation of a triterpene dimer via a linker bearing triazole (70) dramatically increased its potency with IC50 at ~10 nM. Mechanistically, such functional triterpenes interrupt the interaction between HCV envelope protein E2 and its receptor CD81 via binding to E2, thus blocking virus and host cell recognition. This study establishes the importance of triterpene natural products as new leads for the development of potential HCV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Oleanolic acid exerts an osteoprotective effect in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats and stimulates the osteoblastic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Menopause 2012; 19:225-33. [PMID: 22011754 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182272ef1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oleanolic acid (OA) and its glycosides have been reported to prevent bone loss by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts. However, because bone formation and resorption are balanced processes in bone metabolism, no studies have described the effect of OA on osteogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of OA in rats with ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis and to search for the molecular targets of OA in bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs). METHODS Two-month-old female mice that underwent OVX were treated with OA (20 mg/kg a day). After 2 weeks and after 3 months, bone mass was evaluated by micro-CT, morphometry, and immunohistochemical detection. In addition, the expression of 256 genes was measured via microarray and confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effects of OA on the activities of bMSCs were also observed in vitro using alkaline phosphatase and cell proliferation assays. RESULTS Micro-CT displayed only a tendency for bone loss at 2 weeks but a decrease in bone mass at 3 months after OVX. OA treatment increased osteoblast number, increasing osteocalcin and runt-related protein 2 protein levels in vivo and facilitating the osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs in vitro at doses of 10(-6) and 10(-5) M. Gene expression profile analysis revealed that OVX caused a marked dysregulation of gene expression, especially at 2 weeks, some of which was rescued by OA. Few of these genes overlapped, but their functions were involved in the Notch signaling pathway between two phases of the osteoporotic process. CONCLUSIONS OA exerts an osteoprotective effect in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats and stimulates the osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs in vitro. The molecular mechanism of this effect might be related to the Notch signaling pathway and requires further investigation.
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Xu J, Li Z, Luo J, Yang F, Liu T, Liu M, Qiu WW, Tang J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Ring-Fused Betulinic Acid Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3122-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Engineering
Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Abstract
Amide formation is one of the reactions that can be undertaken within the carboxyl group of oleanolic acid. A simple method for oleanolic acid anilide and toluidides synthesis is presented. The influence of the location of the methyl substituent on the reactivity of the amine group was tested and the “ ortho effect” of the methyl substituent within the molecule of o-toluidine on the time of reaction was observed. The structures of the newly obtained compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bednarczyk –Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. 6, 60 – 780 Poznan, Poland
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Quinoxaline derivative of oleanolic acid inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Menopause 2011; 18:690-7. [PMID: 21228726 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181fd7f4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Through bioassay-guided natural product research, it has been discovered that oleanolic acid and its glycosides possess an antibone resorption activity. Quinoxaline derivative of oleanolic acid (QOA-8a), a novel compound, is sourced from a structural modification of oleanolic acid. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activities of QOA-8a on bone resorption in vitro and its osteoprotective effect in vivo. METHODS Osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts were used to assay antibone resorption activities in vitro. RAW264.7 cells cultured for 2 days in the presence of the receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand were used as osteoclast precursors. Mature osteoclasts were generated from either primary cultures of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages or RAW264.7 cells. Eight-week-old female mice that underwent either ovariectomy or sham surgical operation were used for the evaluation of the osteoprotective effect of QOA-8a at doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1). RESULTS QOA-8a significantly inhibited the differentiation, formation, and bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts without cytotoxicity. QOA-8a selectively induced apoptosis at an early stage of mature osteoclasts at least via increasing the caspase-3 activity, but not osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, QOA-8a significantly prevented bone loss in ovariectomized mice without any hormone-like adverse effects, whereas the mice treated with 1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) kept the same bone mineral density level as that of the sham mice. CONCLUSIONS QOA-8a inhibits bone resorption without cytotoxicity and prevents bone loss without any hormone-like adverse effects. Although further investigations are necessary to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms, QOA-8a demonstrates great potential as a novel agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Zhu YY, Qian LW, Zhang J, Liu JH, Yu BY. New approaches to the structural modification of olean-type pentacylic triterpenes via microbial oxidation and glycosylation. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Burke JP, Sabat M, Iovan DA, Myers WH, Chruma JJ. Exploring the Original Proposed Biosynthesis of (+)-Symbioimine: Remote Exocyclic Stereocontrol in a Type I IMDA Reaction. Org Lett 2010; 12:3192-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Liu GB, Xu JL, He CC, Chen G, Xu Q, Xu HX, Li JX. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of quinoline derivatives with immunosuppressive activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5433-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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