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Altmann F, Helm J, Pabst M, Stadlmann J. Introduction of a human- and keyboard-friendly N-glycan nomenclature. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:607-620. [PMID: 38505241 PMCID: PMC10949011 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the beginning was the word. But there were no words for N-glycans, at least, no simple words. Next to chemical formulas, the IUPAC code can be regarded as the best, most reliable and yet immediately comprehensible annotation of oligosaccharide structures of any type from any source. When it comes to N-glycans, the venerable IUPAC code has, however, been widely supplanted by highly simplified terms for N-glycans that count the number of antennae or certain components such as galactoses, sialic acids and fucoses and give only limited room for exact structure description. The highly illustrative - and fortunately now standardized - cartoon depictions gained much ground during the last years. By their very nature, cartoons can neither be written nor spoken. The underlying machine codes (e.g., GlycoCT, WURCS) are definitely not intended for direct use in human communication. So, one might feel the need for a simple, yet intelligible and precise system for alphanumeric descriptions of the hundreds and thousands of N-glycan structures. Here, we present a system that describes N-glycans by defining their terminal elements. To minimize redundancy and length of terms, the common elements of N-glycans are taken as granted. The preset reading order facilitates definition of positional isomers. The combination with elements of the condensed IUPAC code allows to describe even rather complex structural elements. Thus, this "proglycan" coding could be the missing link between drawn structures and software-oriented representations of N-glycan structures. On top, it may greatly facilitate keyboard-based mining for glycan substructures in glycan repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Helm
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Xie X, Kong S, Cao W. Targeting protein glycosylation to regulate inflammation in the respiratory tract: novel diagnostic and therapeutic candidates for chronic respiratory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168023. [PMID: 37256139 PMCID: PMC10225578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a widespread posttranslational modification that can impact the function of proteins. Dysregulated protein glycosylation has been linked to several diseases, including chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). CRDs pose a significant public health threat globally, affecting the airways and other lung structures. Emerging researches suggest that glycosylation plays a significant role in regulating inflammation associated with CRDs. This review offers an overview of the abnormal glycoenzyme activity and corresponding glycosylation changes involved in various CRDs, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and lung cancer. Additionally, this review summarizes recent advances in glycomics and glycoproteomics-based protein glycosylation analysis of CRDs. The potential of glycoenzymes and glycoproteins for clinical use in the diagnosis and treatment of CRDs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xie
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Kong
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqian Cao
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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A role for endothelial alpha-mannosidase MAN1C1 in radiation-induced immune cell recruitment. iScience 2022; 25:105482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rothbauer M, Reihs EI, Fischer A, Windhager R, Jenner F, Toegel S. A Progress Report and Roadmap for Microphysiological Systems and Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies to Be More Predictive Models in Human (Knee) Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:886360. [PMID: 35782494 PMCID: PMC9240813 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.886360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic debilitating joint disease affecting hundreds of million people globally, is associated with significant pain and socioeconomic costs. Current treatment modalities are palliative and unable to stop the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in OA. Scientific attention has shifted from the historical view of OA as a wear-and-tear cartilage disorder to its recognition as a whole-joint disease, highlighting the contribution of other knee joint tissues in OA pathogenesis. Despite much progress in the field of microfluidic systems/organs-on-a-chip in other research fields, current in vitro models in use do not yet accurately reflect the complexity of the OA pathophenotype. In this review, we provide: 1) a detailed overview of the most significant recent developments in the field of microsystems approaches for OA modeling, and 2) an OA-pathophysiology-based bioengineering roadmap for the requirements of the next generation of more predictive and authentic microscale systems fit for the purpose of not only disease modeling but also of drug screening to potentially allow OA animal model reduction and replacement in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Fischer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Veterinary Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Vienna (VETERM), Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopeadic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
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Wu WT, Chen YR, Lu DH, Senatov FS, Yang KC, Wang CC. Silymarin modulates catabolic cytokine expression through Sirt1 and SOX9 in human articular chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:147. [PMID: 33610183 PMCID: PMC7896383 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silymarin (SMN), a polyphenolic flavonoid, is involved in multiple bioactive functions including anti-inflammation. Pretreatment with SMN demonstrated chondroprotection against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation in a chondrocyte cell line. However, pre- and posttreatment with phytochemicals have varying effects on osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes, and the therapeutic potential of SMN after catabolic cytokine stimulation is not fully elucidated. Methods The cytotoxicity of SMN (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM) was evaluated in human primary chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were supplemented with SMN (25 and 50 μM) after interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) stimulation. The mRNA expression and protein production of catabolic/anabolic cytokines as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components were evaluated. Results High-dose SMN (100 μM) impaired the mitochondrial activity in chondrocytes, and 50 μM SMN further caused cell death in IL-1β-stimulated cells. The addition of 25 μM SMN ameliorated cell senescence; downregulated the catabolic genes of inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-9 and MMP-13; upregulated the anabolic genes of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and collagen type II alpha 1; and restored the expression of chondrogenic phenotype genes SOX9 and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1). In addition, the production of IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-9 decreased with an increase in TIMP-1 secretion. However, the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and protein production remained high. The addition of nicotinamide, a Sirt1 inhibitor, downregulated SOX9 and attenuated the therapeutic effects of SMN on IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Conclusion SMN regulates the chondrocyte phenotype through Sirt1 and SOX9 to improve ECM homeostasis and may serve as a complementary therapy for early-stage knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tien Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.,School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Hua Lu
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fedor Svyatoslavovich Senatov
- Researcher of the Centre for Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan. .,School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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New Therapeutic Strategies for Osteoarthritis by Targeting Sialic Acid Receptors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040637. [PMID: 32326143 PMCID: PMC7226619 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and joint degeneration. The articular cartilage is mainly formed by chondrocytes and a collagen-proteoglycan extracellular matrix that contains high levels of glycosylated proteins. It was reported that the shift from glycoproteins containing α-2,6-linked sialic acids to those that contain α-2,3 was associated with the onset of common types of arthritis. However, the pathophysiology of α-2,3-sialylation in cartilage has not been yet elucidated. We show that cartilage from osteoarthritic patients expresses high levels of the α-2,3-sialylated transmembrane mucin receptor, known as podoplanin (PDPN). Additionally, the Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL), that can be utilized to target PDPN, attenuates the inflammatory response mediated by NF-kB activation in primary chondrocytes and protects human cartilage breakdown ex vivo and in an animal model of arthritis. These findings reveal that specific lectins targeting α-2,3-sialylated receptors on chondrocytes might effectively inhibit cartilage breakdown. We also present a computational 3D molecular model for this interaction. These findings provide mechanistic information on how a specific lectin could be used as a novel therapy to treat degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Profiling of isomer-specific IgG N-glycosylation in cohort of Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Woodward AM, Lehoux S, Mantelli F, Di Zazzo A, Brockhausen I, Bonini S, Argüeso P. Inflammatory Stress Causes N-Glycan Processing Deficiency in Ocular Autoimmune Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:283-294. [PMID: 30448401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been associated with a loss of tissue function in ocular autoimmune diseases, but the basis for this relationship remains poorly understood. Here we investigate a new role for tumor necrosis factor α in promoting N-glycan-processing deficiency at the surface of the eye through inhibition of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression in the Golgi. Using mass spectrometry, complex-type biantennary oligosaccharides were identified as major N-glycan structures in differentiated human corneal epithelial cells. Remarkably, significant differences were detected between the efficacies of cytokines in regulating the expression of glycogenes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans. Tumor necrosis factor α but not IL-1β had a profound effect in suppressing the expression of enzymes involved in the Golgi branching pathway, including N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 1 and 2, which are required for the formation of biantennary structures. This decrease in gene expression was correlated with a reduction in enzymatic activity and impaired N-glycan branching. Moreover, patients with ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid were characterized by marginal N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression and decreased N-glycan branching in the conjunctiva. Together, these data indicate that proinflammatory cytokines differentially influence the expression of N-glycan-processing enzymes in the Golgi and set the stage for future studies to explore the pathophysiology of ocular autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Woodward
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Ophthalmology Complex Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Weinmann D, Kenn M, Schmidt S, Schmidt K, Walzer SM, Kubista B, Windhager R, Schreiner W, Toegel S, Gabius HJ. Galectin-8 induces functional disease markers in human osteoarthritis and cooperates with galectins-1 and -3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4187-4205. [PMID: 29934665 PMCID: PMC6182346 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reading of glycan-encoded signals by tissue lectins is considered a major route of the flow of biological information in many (patho)physiological processes. The arising challenge for current research is to proceed from work on a distinct protein to family-wide testing of lectin function. Having previously identified homodimeric galectin-1 and chimera-type galectin-3 as molecular switches in osteoarthritis progression, we here provide proof-of-principle evidence for an intra-network cooperation of galectins with three types of modular architecture. We show that the presence of tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration and that it is secreted by osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Glycan-inhibitable surface binding of galectin-8 to these cells increased gene transcription and the secretion of functional disease markers. The natural variant galectin-8 (F19Y) was less active than the prevalent form. Genome-wide array analysis revealed induction of a pro-degradative/inflammatory gene signature, largely under control of NF-κB signaling. This signature overlapped with respective gene-expression patterns elicited by galectins-1 and -3, but also presented supplementary features. Functional assays with mixtures of galectins that mimic the pathophysiological status unveiled cooperation between the three galectins. Our findings shape the novel concept to consider individual galectins as part of a so far not realized teamwork in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, with relevance beyond this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kenn
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja M Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Kubista
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Figl R, Altmann F. Reductive Alkaline Release of N-Glycans Generates a Variety of Unexpected, Useful Products. Proteomics 2018; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Figl
- Department of Chemistry; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
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11
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Reesink HL, Sutton RM, Shurer CR, Peterson RP, Tan JS, Su J, Paszek MJ, Nixon AJ. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and the effect of inflammation on MSC motility. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:243. [PMID: 29096716 PMCID: PMC5667510 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be used intra-articularly to quell inflammation and promote cartilage healing; however, mechanisms by which MSCs mitigate joint disease remain poorly understood. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside binding proteins, regulate inflammation, adhesion and cell migration in diverse cell types. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are proposed to be important intra-articular modulators of inflammation in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we asked whether equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) express higher levels of galectin-1 and -3 relative to synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes and if an inflammatory environment affects BMSC galectin expression and motility. Methods Equine galectin-1 and -3 gene expression was quantified using qRT-PCR in cultured BMSCs, synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes, in addition to synovial membrane and articular cartilage tissues. Galectin gene expression, protein expression, and protein secretion were measured in equine BMSCs following exposure to inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β 5 and 10 ng/mL, TNF-α 25 and 50 ng/mL, or LPS 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 μg/mL). BMSC focal adhesion formation was assessed using confocal microscopy, and BMSC motility was quantified in the presence of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β or TNF-α) and the pan-galectin inhibitor β-lactose (100 and 200 mM). Results Equine BMSCs expressed 3-fold higher galectin-1 mRNA levels as compared to cultured synovial fibroblasts (p = 0.0005) and 30-fold higher galectin-1 (p < 0.0001) relative to cultured chondrocytes. BMSC galectin-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased as compared to carpal synovial membrane and articular cartilage tissues (p < 0.0001). IL-1β and TNF-α treatments decreased BMSC galectin gene expression and impaired BMSC motility in dose-dependent fashion but did not alter galectin protein expression. β-lactose abrogated BMSC focal adhesion formation and inhibited BMSC motility. Conclusions Equine BMSCs constitutively express high levels of galectin-1 mRNA relative to other articular cell types, suggesting a possible mechanism for their intra-articular immunomodulatory properties. BMSC galectin expression and motility are impaired in an inflammatory environment, which may limit tissue repair properties following intra-articular administration. β-lactose-mediated galectin inhibition also impaired BMSC adhesion and motility. Further investigation into the effects of joint inflammation on BMSC function and the potential therapeutic effects of BMSC galectin expression in OA is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0691-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan M Sutton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Carolyn R Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ryan P Peterson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Julie S Tan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alan J Nixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Kazezian Z, Sakai D, Pandit A. Hyaluronic Acid Microgels Modulate Inflammation and Key Matrix Molecules toward a Regenerative Signature in the Injured Annulus Fibrosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700077. [PMID: 32646195 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain results from disc degeneration, which is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors. Today, regenerative medicine is focused on identifying inflammatory markers to target disc disease. Hyaluronan is used as a scaffold for cell delivery in disc degeneration; however, to date high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW HA) is evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and matrix modulatory properties in an in vivo disc injury model. Ex vivo bovine organ culture studies demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and matrix modulatory effects of HMW HA on the IFNα2β signaling pathway that provides the motivation for evaluating its efficacy in regenerating the annulus fibrosus in an in vivo disc injury model. It is demonstrated that the HMW HA microgel acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule in the annulus fibrosus, by downregulating the expression of the pro-inflammatory interferon gamma (IFNα) and pro-apoptotic insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and the apoptosis marker caspase 3. Mass spectrometry studies demonstrate that the HMW HA microgel modulates the matrix modulatory effect by upregulating hyaluronic acid link protein (HAPLN1) and aggrecan, which are further confirmed by immunostaining. The microgel's regenerative capacity is illustrated by the increase in the disc height index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepur Kazezian
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shibuya, Tokyo, 151-0063, Japan
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Tögel S. MedUni Wien Researcher of the Month April 2017. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ye Y, Zhang C, Zhu K, Xu G, Han Z, Le Y. [Effect of Melittin on collagen type II expression of rat endplate chondrocytes induced by interleukin 1β]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2017; 31:345-350. [PMID: 29806266 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201609062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To observe the effect of Melittin on collagen type II (Col-II) expression of rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs) induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Methods Primary EPCs from the lumbar vertebra of 4-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were cultured in vitro and identified by morphological observation, toluidine blue staining and Col-II immunofluorescence staining. Then, MTT assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of IL-1 and Melittin. Next, EPCs at passage 3 were randomly divided into 4 groups: no treatment was done in group A as control group; the optimal concentration of IL-1β, Melittin, and both IL-1β and Melittin were used in groups B, C, and D respectively. The expression of Col-II was detected by Western blot after 48 hours intervention. Results Under inverted microscope, the first generation EPCs were polygonal; cell proliferation decreased after fifth generation, and cell morphology changed into fusiform. The acidic mucosubstance in the cytoplasm (such as Aggrecan) was stained dark blue by toluidine blue. After marking Col-II by immunofluorescence, the positive expression of cytoskeleton (green fluorescence) could be observed. MTT assay showed that IL-1β and Melittin could inhibit the EPCs in a dose-dependent manner after intervention of 24 and 48 hours, and the optimal concentrations of IL-1β and Melittin intervention were 10 ng/mL and 1.0 μg/mL respectively. Compared with group A, the expression of Col-II was significantly reduced in group B, and was significantly increased in group C by Western blot assay, but there was no significant difference between group D and group A. The Col-II expression levels of groups A, B, C, and D were 0.991±0.024, 0.474±0.127, 1.913±0.350, and 1.159±0.297 respectively, showing significant difference between the other groups ( P<0.05) except between group A and group D ( P>0.05). Conclusion Melittin has a protective effect on endplate cartilage, and the research results provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of spinal degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233030, P.R.China
| | - Changchun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233030,
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233030, P.R.China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233030, P.R.China
| | - Zhongbing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233030, P.R.China
| | - Yi Le
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233030, P.R.China
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15
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Galectin-3 Induces a Pro-degradative/inflammatory Gene Signature in Human Chondrocytes, Teaming Up with Galectin-1 in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39112. [PMID: 27982117 PMCID: PMC5159921 DOI: 10.1038/srep39112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory chemo- and cytokines and matrix-degrading proteases underlie the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Aiming to define upstream regulators for these disease markers, we pursued initial evidence for an upregulation of members of the adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin family. Immunohistochemical localization of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in sections of human cartilage with increasing levels of degeneration revealed a linear correlation reaching a chondrocyte positivity of 60%. Presence in situ was cytoplasmic, the lectin was secreted from OA chondrocytes in culture and binding of Gal-3 yielded lactose-inhibitable surface staining. Exposure of cells to the lectin led to enhanced gene expression and secretion of functional disease markers. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis broadened this result to reveal a pro-degradative/inflammatory gene signature under the control of NF-κB. Fittingly, targeting this route of activation by inhibitors impaired the unfavourable response to Gal-3 binding, as also seen by shortening the lectin’s collagen-like repeat region. Gal-3’s activation profile overlaps with that of homodimeric galectin-1 (Gal-1) and also has distinctive (supplementing) features. Tested at subsaturating concentrations in a mixture, we found cooperation between the two galectins, apparently able to team up to promote OA pathogenesis. In summary, our results suggest that a network of endogenous lectins is relevant for initiating this process cascade.
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16
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Allegri M, De Gregori M, Minella CE, Klersy C, Wang W, Sim M, Gieger C, Manz J, Pemberton IK, MacDougall J, Williams FMK, Van Zundert J, Buyse K, Lauc G, Gudelj I, Primorac D, Skelin A, Aulchenko YS, Karssen LC, Kapural L, Rauck R, Fanelli G. 'Omics' biomarkers associated with chronic low back pain: protocol of a retrospective longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012070. [PMID: 27798002 PMCID: PMC5073566 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic low back pain (CLBP) produces considerable direct costs as well as indirect burdens for society, industry and health systems. CLBP is characterised by heterogeneity, inclusion of several pain syndromes, different underlying molecular pathologies and interaction with psychosocial factors that leads to a range of clinical manifestations. There is still much to understand in the underlying pathological processes and the non-psychosocial factors which account for differences in outcomes. Biomarkers that may be objectively used for diagnosis and personalised, targeted and cost-effective treatment are still lacking. Therefore, any data that may be obtained at the '-omics' level (glycomics, Activomics and genome-wide association studies-GWAS) may be helpful to use as dynamic biomarkers for elucidating CLBP pathogenesis and may ultimately provide prognostic information too. By means of a retrospective, observational, case-cohort, multicentre study, we aim to investigate new promising biomarkers potentially able to solve some of the issues related to CLBP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study follows a two-phase, 1:2 case-control model. A total of 12 000 individuals (4000 cases and 8000 controls) will be enrolled; clinical data will be registered, with particular attention to pain characteristics and outcomes of pain treatments. Blood samples will be collected to perform -omics studies. The primary objective is to recognise genetic variants associated with CLBP; secondary objectives are to study glycomics and Activomics profiles associated with CLBP. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is part of the PainOMICS project funded by European Community in the Seventh Framework Programme. The study has been approved from competent ethical bodies and copies of approvals were provided to the European Commission before starting the study. Results of the study will be reviewed by the Scientific Board and Ethical Committee of the PainOMICS Consortium. The scientific results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02037789; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Allegri
- Department of surgical science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Anesthesia Intensive Care and Pain Therapy service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Manuela De Gregori
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina E Minella
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Research Department, Service of Biometry & Statistics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Moira Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Manz
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jane MacDougall
- Photeomix, IP Research Consulting SAS, Noisy le Grand, France
| | - Frances MK Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Van Zundert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Klaas Buyse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, Croatia
- Eberly College of Science, State College, Penn State University,Pennsylvania, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Skelin
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Richard Rauck
- Carolinas Pain Institute, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guido Fanelli
- Department of surgical science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Anesthesia Intensive Care and Pain Therapy service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
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17
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Alvarado-Díaz CP, Núñez MT, Devoto L, González-Ramos R. Endometrial expression and in vitro modulation of the iron transporter divalent metal transporter-1: implications for endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:393-401. [PMID: 27117373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) expression in healthy women's and endometriosis patients' endometrium and to analyze DMT1 and ferritin light chain (Fn-L) expression modulation by iron overload and IL-1β in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). DESIGN Observational and experimental study. SETTING University hospital research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Thirty-one healthy women and 24 endometriosis patients. INTERVENTION(S) Menstrual, proliferative, and secretory endometrial biopsies. Isolated ESCs from seven endometrial biopsies incubated with IL-1β or FeSO4 overload for 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Divalent metal transporter-1 endometrial protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Divalent metal transporter-1 and Fn-L proteins expression in stimulated ESCs evaluated by Western blot. RESULT(S) Divalent metal transporter-1 is expressed throughout the menstrual cycle in human endometrium. Four endometrial DMT1 variants were identified accordingly to their molecular weight: DMT-80, -65, -55, and -50. Endometrial expression of DMT-80 and -55 is higher in endometriosis patients than in healthy women. In ESCs, iron overload induces an overexpression of DMT-80, DMT-50, and Fn-L, whereas IL-1β increases DMT-80 and -50 expressions and decreases Fn-L expression. CONCLUSION(S) Divalent metal transporter-1 overexpression in endometriosis patients' endometrium can increase iron influx to endometrial cells, inducing oxidative stress-mediated proinflammatory signaling. In turn, endometriosis-related conditions, as iron overload and inflammation (IL-1β), enhance endometriosis patients endometrial DMT1 expression, creating a vicious circle on DMT-1-modulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Patricio Alvarado-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Tulio Núñez
- Instituto de Dinámica Celular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Devoto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Unique glycosignature for intervertebral disc and articular cartilage cells and tissues in immaturity and maturity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23062. [PMID: 26965377 PMCID: PMC4786852 DOI: 10.1038/srep23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, on/off markers for intervertebral disc (IVD) and articular cartilage (AC) cells (chondrocytes) and distinct glycoprofiles of cell and tissue-types were identified from immaturity to maturity. Three and eleven month-old ovine IVD and AC tissues were histochemically profiled with a panel of lectins and antibodies. Relationships between tissue and cell types were analysed by hierarchical clustering. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) composition of annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP) and AC tissues was determined by HPLC analysis. Clear on/off cell type markers were identified, which enabled the discrimination of chondrocytes, AF and NP cells. AF and NP cells were distinguishable using MAA, SNA-I, SBA and WFA lectins, which bound to both NP cells and chondrocytes but not AF cells. Chondrocytes were distinguished from NP and AF cells with a specific binding of LTA and PNA lectins to chondrocytes. Each tissue showed a unique CS composition with a distinct switch in sulfation pattern in AF and NP tissues upon disc maturity while cartilage maintained the same sulfation pattern over time. In conclusion, distinct glycoprofiles for cell and tissue-types across age groups were identified in addition to altered CS composition and sulfation patterns for tissue types upon maturity.
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19
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Detailed characterization of the O-linked glycosylation of the neuropilin-1 c/MAM-domain. Glycoconj J 2015; 33:387-97. [PMID: 26059692 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilins are involved in angiogenesis and neuronal development. The membrane proximal domain of neuropilin-1, called c or MAM domain based on its sequence conservation, has been implicated in neuropilin oligomerization required for its function. The c/MAM domain of human neuropilin-1 has been recombinantly expressed to allow for investigation of its propensity to engage in molecular interactions with other protein or carbohydrate components on a cell surface. We found that the c/MAM domain was heavily O-glycosylated with up to 24 monosaccharide units in the form of disialylated core 1 and core 2 O-glycans. Attachment sites were identified on the chymotryptic c/MAM peptide ETGATEKPTVIDSTIQSEFPTY by electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry (ETD-MS/MS). For highly glycosylated species consisting of carbohydrate to about 50 %, useful results could only be obtained upon partial desialylation. ETD-MS/MS revealed a hierarchical order of the initial O-GalNAc addition to the four different glycosylation sites. These findings enable future functional studies about the contribution of the described glycosylations in neuropilin-1 oligomerization and the binding to partner proteins as VEGF or galectin-1.As a spin-off result the sialidase from Clostridium perfringens turned out to discriminate between galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine-linked sialic acid.
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20
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Pabst M, Küster SK, Wahl F, Krismer J, Dittrich PS, Zenobi R. A Microarray-Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Approach for Site-specific Protein N-glycosylation Analysis, as Demonstrated for Human Serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM). Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1645-56. [PMID: 25802287 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o114.046748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach for the site-specific identification and characterization of protein N-glycosylation. It is based on a nano-liquid chromatography microarray-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS platform, which employs droplet microfluidics for on-plate nanoliter reactions. A chromatographic separation of a proteolytic digest is deposited at a high frequency on the microarray. In this way, a short separation run is archived into thousands of nanoliter reaction cavities, and chromatographic peaks are spread over multiple array spots. After fractionation, each other spot is treated with PNGaseF to generate two correlated traces within one run, one with treated spots where glycans are enzymatically released from the peptides, and one containing the intact glycopeptides. Mining for distinct glycosites is performed by searching for the predicted deglycosylated peptides in the treated trace. An identified peptide then leads directly to the position of the "intact" glycopeptide clusters, which are located in the adjacent spots. Furthermore, the deglycosylated peptide can be sequenced efficiently in a simple collision-induced dissociation-MS experiment. We applied the microarray approach to a detailed site-specific glycosylation analysis of human serum IgM. By scanning the treated spots with low-resolution matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-MS, we observed all five deglycosylated peptides, including the one originating from the secretory chain. A detailed glycopeptide characterization was then accomplished on the adjacent, untreated spots with high mass resolution and high mass accuracy using a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-Fourier transform-MS. We present the first detailed and comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis on the glycopeptide level for human polyclonal IgM with high mass accuracy. Besides complex type glycans on Asn 395, 332, 171, and on the J chain, we observed oligomannosidic glycans on Asn 563, Asn 402 and minor amounts of oligomannosidic glycans on the glycosite Asn 171. Furthermore, hybrid type glycans were found on Asn 402, Asn 171 and in traces Asn 332.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pabst
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Karl Küster
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Wahl
- §Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Industriestrasse 25, 9471 Buchs (SG), Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Krismer
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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21
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Jeong YJ, Shin JM, Bae YS, Cho HJ, Park KK, Choe JY, Han SM, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Choi YH, Kim CH, Chang HW, Chang YC. Melittin has a chondroprotective effect by inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-8 expressions via blocking NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathway in chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:400-5. [PMID: 25708656 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom is a natural ingredient produced by the honey bee (Apis mellifera), and has been widely used in China, Korea and Japan as a traditional medicine for various diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, and skin diseases However, the regulation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-arthritis by bee venom and its major peptides is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-arthritis effect of bee venom and its major peptides, melittin and apamin, in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) responsive C57BL/6 mice chondrocyte cells. The bee venom and melittin significantly and selectively suppressed the TNF-α-mediated decrease of type II collagen expression, whereas the apamin had no effects on the type II collagen expression. We, furthermore, found that the bee venom and melittin inhibited the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-8, which suggests that the chondroprotective effect of bee venom may be caused by melittin. The inhibitory effects of melittin on the TNF-α-induced MMP-1 and MMP-8 protein expression were regulated by the inhibition of NF-kB and AP-1. In addition, melittin suppressed the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of Akt, JNK and ERK1/2, but did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 kinase. These results suggest that melittin suppresses TNF-α-stimulated decrease of type II collagen expression by the inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-8 through regulation of the NF-kB and AP-1 pathway and provision of a novel role for melittin in anti-arthritis action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Moon Shin
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seuk Bae
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Choe
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do 441-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 701-947, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Zhang Q, Feng X, Li H, Liu BF, Lin Y, Liu X. Methylamidation for isomeric profiling of sialylated glycans by nanoLC-MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7913-9. [PMID: 25022802 DOI: 10.1021/ac501844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of isomeric glycans is a challenging task. In this work, a new strategy was developed for isomer-specific glycan profiling using nanoLC-MS with PGC as the stationary phase. Native glycans were derivatized in the presence of methylamine and trispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate and reduced by the ammonia-borane complex. Methylamidation stabilized the retention time and peak width and improved the detection sensitivity of sialylated glycans to 2-80-fold in comparison to previous ESI-MS methods using the positive-ion mode. Up to 19 tetrasialylated glycan species were identified in the derivatized human serum sample, which were difficult to detect in the sample without derivatization. Furthermore, due to high detection sensitivity and chromatographic resolution, more isomeric glycans could be identified from the model glycoprotein Fetuin and the human serum sample. As a result, up to seven isomers were observed for the disialylated biantennary glycan released from Fetuin, and three of them were identified for the first time in this study. Using the developed analytical strategy, a total of 293 glycan species were obtained from the human serum sample, representing an increase of over 100 peaks in comparison to the underivatized sample. The strategy greatly facilitates the profiling of isomeric glycans and the analysis of trace-level samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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Human osteoarthritic knee cartilage: fingerprinting of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in vitro and in situ indicates differential upregulation in severe degeneration. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:373-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Parker BL, Thaysen-Andersen M, Solis N, Scott NE, Larsen MR, Graham ME, Packer NH, Cordwell SJ. Site-Specific Glycan-Peptide Analysis for Determination of N-Glycoproteome Heterogeneity. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5791-800. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Parker
- Discipline
of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2106, Australia
| | - Nestor Solis
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Nichollas E. Scott
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Mark E. Graham
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2106, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Cordwell
- Discipline
of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Ishihara T, Kakiya K, Takahashi K, Miwa H, Rokushima M, Yoshinaga T, Tanaka Y, Ito T, Togame H, Takemoto H, Amano M, Iwasaki N, Minami A, Nishimura SI. Discovery of novel differentiation markers in the early stage of chondrogenesis by glycoform-focused reverse proteomics and genomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:645-55. [PMID: 24161698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases among adults, especially the elderly, which is characterized by destruction of the articular cartilage. Despite affecting more than 100 million individuals all over the world, therapy is currently limited to treating pain, which is a principal symptom of OA. New approaches to the treatment of OA that induce regeneration and repair of cartilage are strongly needed. METHODS To discover potent markers for chondrogenic differentiation, glycoform-focused reverse proteomics and genomics were performed on the basis of glycoblotting-based comprehensive approach. RESULTS Expression levels of high-mannose type N-glycans were up-regulated significantly at the late stage of differentiation of the mouse chondroprogenitor cells. Among 246 glycoproteins carrying this glycotype identified by ConA affinity chromatography and LC/MS, it was demonstrated that 52% are classified as cell surface glycoproteins. Gene expression levels indicated that mRNAs for 15 glycoproteins increased distinctly in the earlier stages during differentiation compared with Type II collagen. The feasibility of mouse chondrocyte markers in human chondrogenesis model was demonstrated by testing gene expression levels of these 15 glycoproteins during differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSION The results showed clearly an evidence of up-regulation of 5 genes, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1, collagen alpha-1(III) chain, collagen alpha-1(XI) chain, aquaporin-1, and netrin receptor UNC5B, in the early stages of differentiation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These cell surface 5 glycoproteins become highly sensitive differentiation markers of human chondrocytes that contribute to regenerative therapies, and development of novel therapeutic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishihara
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Toegel S, Bieder D, André S, Altmann F, Walzer SM, Kaltner H, Hofstaetter JG, Windhager R, Gabius HJ. Glycophenotyping of osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes by RT-qPCR, mass spectrometry, histochemistry with plant/human lectins and lectin localization with a glycoprotein. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R147. [PMID: 24289744 PMCID: PMC3978707 DOI: 10.1186/ar4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize the glycophenotype of osteoarthritic cartilage and human chondrocytes. METHODS Articular knee cartilage was obtained from nine osteoarthritis (OA) patients. mRNA levels for 27 glycosyltransferases were analyzed in OA chondrocytes using RT-qPCR. Additionally, N- and O-glycans were quantified using mass-spectrometry. Histologically, two cartilage areas with Mankin scores (MS) either ≤ 4 or ≥ 9 were selected from each patient representing areas of mild and severe OA, respectively. Tissue sections were stained with (1) a selected panel of plant lectins for probing into the OA glycophenotype, (2) the human lectins galectins-1 and -3, and (3) the glycoprotein asialofetuin (ASF) for visualizing β-galactoside-specific endogenous lectins. RESULTS We found that OA chondrocytes expressed oligomannosidic structures as well as non-, mono- and disialylated complex-type N-glycans, and core 2 O-glycans. Reflecting B4GALNT3 mRNA presence in OA chondrocytes, LacdiNAc-terminated structures were detected. Staining profiles for plant and human lectins were dependent on the grade of cartilage degeneration, and ASF-positive cells were observed in significantly higher rates in areas of severe degeneration. CONCLUSIONS In summary, distinct aspects of the glycome in OA cartilage are altered with progressing degeneration. In particular, the alterations measured by galectin-3 and the pan-galectin sensor ASF encourage detailed studies of galectin functionality in OA.
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Pabst M, Fischl RM, Brecker L, Morelle W, Fauland A, Köfeler H, Altmann F, Léonard R. Rhamnogalacturonan II structure shows variation in the side chains monosaccharide composition and methylation status within and across different plant species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:61-72. [PMID: 23802881 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A paradigm regarding rhamnogalacturonans II (RGII) is their strictly conserved structure within a given plant. We developed and employed a fast structural characterization method based on chromatography and mass spectrometry, allowing analysis of RGII side chains from microgram amounts of cell wall. We found that RGII structures are much more diverse than so far described. In chain A of wild-type plants, up to 45% of the l-fucose is substituted by l-galactose, a state that is seemingly uncorrelated with RGII dimerization capacity. This led us to completely reinvestigate RGII structures of the Arabidopsis thaliana fucose-deficient mutant mur1, which provided insights into RGII chain A biosynthesis, and suggested that chain A truncation, rather than l-fucose to l-galactose substitution, is responsible for the mur1 dwarf phenotype. Mass spectrometry data for chain A coupled with NMR analysis revealed a high degree of methyl esterification of its glucuronic acid, providing a plausible explanation for the puzzling RGII antibody recognition. The β-galacturonic acid of chain A exhibits up to two methyl etherifications in an organ-specific manner. Combined with variation in the length of side chain B, this gives rise to a family of RGII structures instead of the unique structure described up to now. These findings pave the way for studies on the physiological roles of modulation of RGII composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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Alley WR, Mann BF, Novotny MV. High-sensitivity analytical approaches for the structural characterization of glycoproteins. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2668-732. [PMID: 23531120 PMCID: PMC3992972 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Hua S, Williams CC, Dimapasoc LM, Ro GS, Ozcan S, Miyamoto S, Lebrilla CB, An HJ, Leiserowitz GS. Isomer-specific chromatographic profiling yields highly sensitive and specific potential N-glycan biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1279:58-67. [PMID: 23380366 PMCID: PMC5628020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation has been observed for decades in essentially all types of cancer, and is now well established as an indicator of carcinogenesis. Mining the glycome for biomarkers, however, requires analytical methods that can rapidly separate, identify, and quantify isomeric glycans. We have developed a rapid-throughput method for chromatographic glycan profiling using microfluidic chip-based nanoflow liquid chromatography (nano-LC)/mass spectrometry. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we analyzed and compared serum samples from epithelial ovarian cancer cases (n=46) and healthy control individuals (n=48). Over 250 N-linked glycan compound peaks with over 100 distinct N-linked glycan compositions were identified. Statistical testing identified 26 potential glycan biomarkers based on both compositional and structure-specific analyses. Using these results, an optimized model was created incorporating the combined abundances of seven potential glycan biomarkers. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of this optimized model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96, indicating robust discrimination between cancer cases and healthy controls. Rapid-throughput chromatographic glycan profiling was found to be an effective platform for structure-specific biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenus Hua
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Palmisano G, Larsen MR, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Structural analysis of glycoprotein sialylation – part II: LC-MS based detection. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Stepan H, Pabst M, Altmann F, Geyer H, Geyer R, Staudacher E. O-Glycosylation of snails. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:189-98. [PMID: 22581130 PMCID: PMC3372779 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The glycosylation abilities of snails deserve attention, because snail species serve as intermediate hosts in the developmental cycles of some human and cattle parasites. In analogy to many other host-pathogen relations, the glycosylation of snail proteins may likewise contribute to these host-parasite interactions. Here we present an overview on the O-glycan structures of 8 different snails (land and water snails, with or without shell): Arion lusitanicus, Achatina fulica, Biomphalaria glabrata, Cepaea hortensis, Clea helena, Helix pomatia, Limax maximus and Planorbarius corneus. The O-glycans were released from the purified snail proteins by β-elimination. Further analysis was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and – for the main structures – by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Snail O-glycans are built from the four monosaccharide constituents: N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, mannose and fucose. An additional modification is a methylation of the hexoses. The common trisaccharide core structure was determined in Arion lusitanicus to be N-acetylgalactosamine linked to the protein elongated by two 4-O-methylated galactose residues. Further elongations by methylated and unmethylated galactose and mannose residues and/or fucose are present. The typical snail O-glycan structures are different to those so far described. Similar to snail N-glycan structures they display methylated hexose residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Stepan
- Department of Chemistry, Glycobiology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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Pabst M, Grass J, Toegel S, Liebminger E, Strasser R, Altmann F. Isomeric analysis of oligomannosidic N-glycans and their dolichol-linked precursors. Glycobiology 2011; 22:389-99. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Farid A, Pabst M, Schoberer J, Altmann F, Glössl J, Strasser R. Arabidopsis thaliana alpha1,2-glucosyltransferase (ALG10) is required for efficient N-glycosylation and leaf growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 68:314-25. [PMID: 21707802 PMCID: PMC3204403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide precursor (Glc(3) Man(9) GlcNAc(2) ) is highly conserved among eukaryotes. In contrast to yeast and mammals, little is known about the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides and the transfer to asparagine residues of nascent polypeptides in plants. To understand the biological function of these processes in plants we characterized the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of yeast ALG10, the α1,2-glucosyltransferase that transfers the terminal glucose residue to the lipid-linked precursor. Expression of an Arabidopsis ALG10-GFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells revealed a reticular distribution pattern resembling endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization. Analysis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides showed that Arabidopsis ALG10 can complement the yeast Δalg10 mutant strain. A homozygous Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant (alg10-1) accumulated mainly lipid-linked Glc(2) Man(9) GlcNAc(2) and displayed a severe protein underglycosylation defect. Phenotypic analysis of alg10-1 showed that mutant plants have altered leaf size when grown in soil. Moreover, the inactivation of ALG10 in Arabidopsis resulted in the activation of the unfolded protein response, increased salt sensitivity and suppression of the phenotype of α-glucosidase I-deficient plants. In summary, these data show that Arabidopsis ALG10 is an ER-resident α1,2-glucosyltransferase that is required for lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and subsequently for normal leaf development and abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhlaq Farid
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Schoberer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Glössl
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Transcriptional activation of pig Galβ1,3GalNAc α2,3-sialyltransferase (pST3Gal I) gene by TGF-β1 in porcine kidney PK-15 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:159-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Posch G, Pabst M, Brecker L, Altmann F, Messner P, Schäffer C. Characterization and scope of S-layer protein O-glycosylation in Tannerella forsythia. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38714-38724. [PMID: 21911490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.284893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glycosylation is an important element in defining the life of pathogenic bacteria. Tannerella forsythia is a Gram-negative, anaerobic periodontal pathogen inhabiting the subgingival plaque biofilms. It is completely covered by a two-dimensional crystalline surface layer (S-layer) composed of two glycoproteins. Although the S-layer has previously been shown to delay the bacterium's recognition by the innate immune system, we characterize here the S-layer protein O-glycosylation as a potential virulence factor. The T. forsythia S-layer glycan was elucidated by a combination of electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an oligosaccharide with the structure 4-Me-β-ManpNAcCONH(2)-(1→3)-[Pse5Am7Gc-(2→4)-]-β-ManpNAcA-(1→4)-[4-Me-α-Galp-(1→2)-]-α-Fucp-(1→4)-[-α-Xylp-(1→3)-]-β-GlcpA-(1→3)-[-β-Digp-(1→2)-]-α-Galp, which is O-glycosidically linked to distinct serine and threonine residues within the three-amino acid motif (D)(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V) on either S-layer protein. This S-layer glycan obviously impacts the life style of T. forsythia because increased biofilm formation of an UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid dehydrogenase mutant can be correlated with the presence of truncated S-layer glycans. We found that several other proteins of T. forsythia are modified with that specific oligosaccharide. Proteomics identified two of them as being among previously classified antigenic outer membrane proteins that are up-regulated under biofilm conditions, in addition to two predicted antigenic lipoproteins. Theoretical analysis of the S-layer O-glycosylation of T. forsythia indicates the involvement of a 6.8-kb gene locus that is conserved among different bacteria from the Bacteroidetes phylum. Together, these findings reveal the presence of a protein O-glycosylation system in T. forsythia that is essential for creating a rich glycoproteome pinpointing a possible relevance for the virulence of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Posch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Universität Wien, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Pabst M, Altmann F. Glycan analysis by modern instrumental methods. Proteomics 2011; 11:631-43. [PMID: 21241022 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The oligosaccharides attached to proteins or lipids are among the most challenging analytical tasks due to their complexity and variety. Knowing the genes and enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis, a large but not unlimited number of different structures and isomers of such glycans can be imagined. Understanding of the biological role of structural variations requires the ability to unambiguously determine the identity and quantity of all glycan species. Here, we examine, which analytical strategies - with a certain high-throughput potential - may come near this ideal. After an expose of the relevant techniques, we try to depict how analytical raw data are translated into structural assignments using retention times, mass and fragment spectra. A method's ability to discriminate between the many conceivable isomeric structures together with the time, effort and sample amount needed for that purpose is suggested as a criterion for the comparative assessment of approaches and their evolutionary stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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Grass J, Pabst M, Kolarich D, Pöltl G, Léonard R, Brecker L, Altmann F. Discovery and structural characterization of fucosylated oligomannosidic N-glycans in mushrooms. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:5977-84. [PMID: 21169363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.191304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
L-fucose is a common constituent of Asn-linked glycans in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants, but in fungal glycoproteins, fucose has not been found so far. However, by mass spectrometry we detected N-glycans and O-glycans containing one to six deoxyhexose residues in fruit bodies of several basidiomycetes. The N-glycans of chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) contained a deoxyhexose chromatographically identical to fucose and sensitive to α-L-fucosidase. Analysis of individual glycan species by tandem MS, glycosidase digestion, and finally (1)H NMR revealed the presence of L-fucose in α1,6-linkage to an α1,6-mannose of oligomannosidic N-glycans. The substitution by α1,6-mannose of α1,2-mannosyl residues of the canonical precursor structure was yet another hitherto unknown modification. No indication for the occurrence of yet other modifications, e.g. bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, was seen. Besides fucosylated N-glycans, short O-linked mannan chains substituted with fucose were present on chanterelle proteins. Although undiscovered so far, L-fucose appears to represent a prominent feature of protein-linked glycans in the fungal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Grass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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