1
|
Wu P, Zeng J, Meng L, Wan Q. Glycosylation with sulfoxide-based glycosyl donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39046327 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Sulfoxides have emerged as pivotal constituents in modern carbohydrate chemistry. As anomeric leaving groups, sulfinyl moieties may occupy positions directly at the anomeric position or at a more remote site. This feature article is focused on the evolution and notable advancements of glycosyl sulfoxide donors in glycosylation reactions. Its objective is to elucidate the obstacles and prospects within this evolving research domain, with the aim of enhancing comprehension and progress in the field of carbohydrate chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinru Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qian Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alex C, Demchenko AV. Recent Advances in Stereocontrolled Mannosylation: Focus on Glycans Comprising Acidic and/or Amino Sugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3278-3294. [PMID: 34661961 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to describe accomplishments made in the stereoselective synthesis of β-linked mannosides functionalized with carboxyls or amines/amides. These ManNAc, ManA and ManNAcA residues found in many glycoconjugates, bacterial polysaccharides, and alginates have consistently captured interest of the glycoscience community both due to synthetic challenge and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Azulenesulfonium and azulenebis(sulfonium) salts: Formation by interrupted Pummerer reaction and subsequent derivatisation by nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
4
|
Alex C, Visansirikul S, Demchenko AV. A versatile approach to the synthesis of mannosamine glycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6682-6695. [PMID: 32813001 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
O-Picoloyl protecting groups at remote positions can affect the stereoselectivity of glycosylation by means of the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) pathway. A new practical method for the stereoselective synthesis of β-glycosides of mannosamine is reported. The presence of the O-picoloyl group at the C-3 position of a mannosamine donor can provide high or complete stereocontrol. The method was also utilized for the synthesis of a biologically relevant trisaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4. Also reported herein is a method to achieve complete α-manno stereoselectivity with mannosamine donors equipped with 3-O-benzoyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hettikankanamalage AA, Lassfolk R, Ekholm FS, Leino R, Crich D. Mechanisms of Stereodirecting Participation and Ester Migration from Near and Far in Glycosylation and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7104-7151. [PMID: 32627532 PMCID: PMC7429366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is the counterpart of a 2018 Chemical Reviews article (Adero, P. O.; Amarasekara, H.; Wen, P.; Bohé, L.; Crich, D. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 8242-8284) that examined the mechanisms of chemical glycosylation in the absence of stereodirecting participation. Attention is now turned to a critical review of the evidence in support of stereodirecting participation in glycosylation reactions by esters from either the vicinal or more remote positions. As participation by esters is often accompanied by ester migration, the mechanism(s) of migration are also reviewed. Esters are central to the entire review, which accordingly opens with an overview of their structure and their influence on the conformations of six-membered rings. Next the structure and relative energetics of dioxacarbeniun ions are covered with emphasis on the influence of ring size. The existing kinetic evidence for participation is then presented followed by an overview of the various intermediates either isolated or characterized spectroscopically. The evidence supporting participation from remote or distal positions is critically examined, and alternative hypotheses for the stereodirecting effect of such esters are presented. The mechanisms of ester migration are first examined from the perspective of glycosylation reactions and then more broadly in the context of partially acylated polyols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asiri A. Hettikankanamalage
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Lassfolk
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Filip S. Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khanam A, Tiwari A, Mandal PK. Chiral auxiliaries: Usefullness in stereoselective glycosylation reactions and their synthetic applications. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108045. [PMID: 32679340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides play a very important role in biological system and structure-activity relationships that is why it has a lot of application to medicinal chemistry and development of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. The stereoselective introduction of a glycosidic linkage presents the principal challenge for biological importance oligosaccharide synthesis. The main aim of this review is to described the importance of chiral auxiliary and neibhouring group participation for the stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds formation and their application in complex oligosaccharide synthesis.Numerous 1,2-cis-linked oligosaccharides and glyconjugates are naturally found in the compounds of blood group, human milk, antigens of bacterial lipopolysaccharide etc.that predominantly increased it's importance in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariza Khanam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashwani Tiwari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moons SJ, Mensink RA, Bruekers JPJ, Vercammen MLA, Jansen LM, Boltje TJ. α-Selective Glycosylation with β-Glycosyl Sulfonium Ions Prepared via Intramolecular Alkylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4486-4500. [PMID: 30808170 PMCID: PMC6454400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective glycosylation remains the main challenge in the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides. Herein we report a simple method to convert thioglycosides into β-sulfonium ions via an intramolecular alkylation reaction, leading to highly α-selective glycosylations for a variety of glycosyl acceptors. The influence of the thioglycoside substituent and the protecting group pattern on the glycosyl donor was investigated and showed a clear correlation with the observed stereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeroen P. J. Bruekers
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits L. A. Vercammen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Jansen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zeng J, Liu Y, Chen W, Zhao X, Meng L, Wan Q. Glycosyl Sulfoxides in Glycosylation Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:27. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
10
|
Wang HY, Blaszczyk SA, Xiao G, Tang W. Chiral reagents in glycosylation and modification of carbohydrates. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:681-701. [PMID: 29206256 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a significant role in numerous biological events, and the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates is vital for further studies to understand their various biological functions. Due to the structural complexity of carbohydrates, the stereoselective formation of glycosidic linkages and the site-selective modification of hydroxyl groups are very challenging and at the same time extremely important. In recent years, the rapid development of chiral reagents including both chiral auxiliaries and chiral catalysts has significantly improved the stereoselectivity for glycosylation reactions and the site-selectivity for the modification of carbohydrates. These new tools will greatly facilitate the efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates. In this tutorial review, we will summarize these advances and highlight the most recent examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Advances in Stereoselective 1,2-cis
Glycosylation using C-2 Auxiliaries. Chemistry 2017; 23:17637-17653. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Mensink RA, Elferink H, White PB, Pers N, Rutjes FPJT, Boltje TJ. A Study on Stereoselective Glycosylations via Sulfonium Ion Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rens A. Mensink
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Pers
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Synthetic organic chemistry; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fascione MA, Brabham R, Turnbull WB. Mechanistic Investigations into the Application of Sulfoxides in Carbohydrate Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:3916-28. [PMID: 26744250 PMCID: PMC4794778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The utility of sulfoxides in a diverse range of transformations in the field of carbohydrate chemistry has seen rapid growth since the first introduction of a sulfoxide as a glycosyl donor in 1989. Sulfoxides have since developed into more than just anomeric leaving groups, and today have multiple roles in glycosylation reactions. These include as activators for thioglycosides, hemiacetals, and glycals, and as precursors to glycosyl triflates, which are essential for stereoselective β-mannoside synthesis, and bicyclic sulfonium ions that facilitate the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosides. In this review we highlight the mechanistic investigations undertaken in this area, often outlining strategies employed to differentiate between multiple proposed reaction pathways, and how the conclusions of these investigations have and continue to inform upon the development of more efficient transformations in sulfoxide-based carbohydrate synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Robin Brabham
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Watson AJA, Alexander SR, Cox DJ, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting Group Dependence of Stereochemical Outcome of Glycosylation of 2-O-(Thiophen-2-yl)methyl Ether Protected Glycosyl Donors. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
15
|
Visansirikul S, Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. Halobenzoyl groups in glycosylation: effect on stereoselectivity and reactivity of glycosyl donors. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Singh GP, Watson AJA, Fairbanks AJ. Achiral 2-Hydroxy Protecting Group for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,2-cis-α-Glycosides by Six-Ring Neighboring Group Participation. Org Lett 2015; 17:4376-9. [PMID: 26308903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of a fully armed donor bearing a 2-O-(trimethoxybenzenethiol) ethyl ether protecting group is completely α-selective with a range of carbohydrate alcohol acceptors. Low-temperature NMR studies confirm the intermediacy of cyclic sulfonium ion intermediates arising from six-membered β-sulfonium ring neighboring group participation. Selective protecting group removal is achieved in high yield in a single operation by S-methylation and base-induced β-elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govind P Singh
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nigudkar SS, Demchenko AV. Stereocontrolled 1,2- cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2687-2704. [PMID: 26078847 PMCID: PMC4465199 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. For detailed coverage of the previous achievements in the field the reader is referred to our earlier reviews: A. V. Demchenko, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2003, 7 , 35–79 and Synlett , 2003, 1225–1240.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Frihed TG, Bols M, Pedersen CM. Mechanisms of Glycosylation Reactions Studied by Low-Temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4963-5013. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500434x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gharpure SJ, Anuradha D, Prasad JVK, Srinivasa Rao P. Stereoselective Synthesis ofcis-2,6-Disubstituted Morpholines and 1,4-Oxathianes by Intramolecular Reductive Etherification of 1,5-Diketones. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Mulani SK, Hung WC, Ingle AB, Shiau KS, Mong KKT. Modulating glycosylation with exogenous nucleophiles: an overview. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1184-97. [PMID: 24382624 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major challenge in carbohydrate synthesis is stereochemical control of glycosidic bond formation. Different glycosylation methods have been developed that are based on the modulation effect of external nucleophiles. This review highlights the development, synthetic application, challenges and outlook of the modulated glycosylation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen K Mulani
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. Hydrogen Bond Mediated Aglycone Delivery: Synthesis of Linear and Branched α-Glucans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. Hydrogen bond mediated aglycone delivery: synthesis of linear and branched α-glucans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10453-6. [PMID: 25115776 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A Hydrogen bond mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) method was applied to the synthesis of α-glucans, which are abundant in nature, but as targets represent a notable challenge to chemists. The synthesis of linear oligosaccharide sequences was accomplished in complete stereoselectivity in all glycosylations. The efficacy of HAD may diminish with the increased bulk of the glycosyl acceptor, and may be an important factor for the syntheses of oligomers beyond pentasaccharides. The synthesis of a branched structure proved more challenging, particularly with bulky trisaccharide acceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagodige P Yasomanee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121 (USA) http://www.umsl.edu/chemistry/faculty/demchenko.htm
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Neighbouring Group Participation During Glycosylation: Do 2-Substituted Ethyl Ethers Participate? European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
24
|
Turnbull WB, Stalford SA. Methylthioxylose--a jewel in the mycobacterial crown? Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5698-706. [PMID: 22575989 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ten years ago an unusual sugar was discovered in a cell wall polysaccharide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structural elucidation revealed the presence of the first thiosugar in a bacterial polysaccharide. Synthetic studies have helped to define its relative and absolute configuration as α-D-methylthioxylofuranosyl. While its biosynthetic origins remain the subject of speculation, work has begun to define its possible biological roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|