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Production and Characterization of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Ramlibacter tataouinensis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217172. [PMID: 36364003 PMCID: PMC9658432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examines the desiccation-resistant Ramlibacter tataouinensis TTB310T as a model organism for the production of novel exopolysaccharides and their structural features. This bacterium is able to produce dividing forms of cysts which synthesize cell-bound exopolysaccharide. Initial experiments were conducted on the enrichment of cyst biomass for exopolysaccharide production under batch-fed conditions in a pilot-scale bioreactor, with lactate as the source of carbon and energy. The optimized medium produced significant quantities of exopolysaccharide in a single growth phase, since the production of exopolysaccharide took place during the division of the cysts. The exopolysaccharide layer was extracted from the cysts using a modified trichloroacetic acid method. The biochemical characterization of purified exopolysaccharide was performed by gas chromatography, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The repeating unit of exopolysaccharide was a decasaccharide consisting of ribose, glucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid with the ratio 3:2:2:1:1:1, and additional substituents such as acetyl, succinyl, and methyl moieties were also observed as a part of the exopolysaccharide structure. This study contributes to a fundamental understanding of the novel structural features of exopolysaccharide from a dividing form of cysts, and, further, results can be used to study its rheological properties for various industrial applications.
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2
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Akhtach S, Tabia Z, Bricha M, Belkhou R, Mabrouk KE. Investigation on exopolysaccharide production by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14 isolated from Moroccan raw cow's milk. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4840-4850. [PMID: 34642967 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four strains were isolated from 50 samples of raw cow's milk originated from different regions of Morocco. After different screening methods, one strain was selected as the highest exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing isolate and was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14. Moreover, the EPS-producing ability, bacterial growth, and pH of the medium were monitored. The optimization of culture conditions indicated that the high yield of EPS was 685.14 mg/L obtained at 42°C, with lactose as a carbon source. The characterization study showed that the purified EPS consisted of one main fraction that contained 97.67% of carbohydrates. Furthermore, the EPS was identified as a homogeneous polysaccharide, mainly composed of glucose. These results demonstrated the high EPS production ability of the selected L. rhamnosus P14, representing a promising candidate to improve the textural and sensory properties of fermented food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihame Akhtach
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), High School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Atlas Fez, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Tabia
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meriem Bricha
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rajae Belkhou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), High School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Atlas Fez, Morocco
| | - Khalil El Mabrouk
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
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3
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Birch J, Khan S, Madsen M, Kjeldsen C, Møller MS, Stender EGP, Peters GJ, Duus JØ, Kragelund BB, Svensson B. Binding Sites for Oligosaccharide Repeats from Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides on Bovine β-Lactoglobulin Identified by NMR Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9039-9052. [PMID: 33842774 PMCID: PMC8028130 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are used in the food industry to improve the stability and rheological properties of fermented dairy products. β-Lactoglobulin (BLG), the dominant whey protein in bovine milk, is well known to bind small molecules such as fatty acids, vitamins, and flavors, and to interact with neutral and anionic polysaccharides used in food and pharmaceuticals. While sparse data are available on the affinity of EPS-milk protein interactions, structural information on BLG-EPS complexes, including the EPS binding sites, is completely lacking. Here, binding sites on BLG variant A (BLGA), for oligosaccharides prepared by mild acid hydrolysis of two EPS produced by Streptococcus thermophilus LY03 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CNRZ 1187, respectively, are identified by NMR spectroscopy and supplemented by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular docking of complexes. Evidence of two binding sites (site 1 and site 2) on the surface of BLGA is achieved for both oligosaccharides (LY03-OS and 1187-OS) through NMR chemical shift perturbations, revealing multivalency of BLGA for EPS. The affinities of LY03-OS and 1187-OS for BLGA gave K D values in the mM range obtained by both NMR (pH 2.65) and ITC (pH 4.0). Molecular docking suggested that the BLGA and EPS complexes depend on hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The findings provide insights into how BLGA engages structurally different EPS-derived oligosaccharides, which may facilitate the design of BLG-EPS complexation, of relevance for formulation of dairy products and improve understanding of BLGA coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Birch
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sanaullah Khan
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Madsen
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Kjeldsen
- NMR
Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical
University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie Sofie Møller
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emil G. P. Stender
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Günther
H. J. Peters
- Biophysical
and Biomedicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, DK-2800
Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Ø. Duus
- NMR
Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical
University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- Structural
Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Lactobacillus exopolysaccharides: New perspectives on engineering strategies, physiochemical functions, and immunomodulatory effects on host health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Do TBT, Tran TAL, Tran TVT, Le TH, Jayasena V, Nguyen THC, Nguyen CC, Kim SY, Le QV. Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced from Fermented Bamboo Shoot-Isolated Lactobacillus Fermentum. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071531. [PMID: 32664338 PMCID: PMC7407396 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at providing a route towards the production of a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) from fermented bamboo shoot-isolated Lactobacillus fermentum. A lactic acid bacteria strain, with high EPS production ability, was isolated from fermented bamboo shoots. This strain, R-49757, was identified in the BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Ghent University, Belgium by the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase gene sequencing method, and it was named Lb. fermentum MC3. The molecular mass of the EPS measured via gel permeation chromatography was found to be 9.85 × 104 Da. Moreover, the monosaccharide composition in the EPS was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Consequently, the EPS was discovered to be a heteropolysaccharide with the appearance of two main sugars—D-glucose and D-mannose—in the backbone. The results of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses prove the repeating unit of this polysaccharide to be [→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Manp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→]n, which appears to be a new EPS. The obtained results open up an avenue for the production of novel EPSs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bich Thuy Do
- Faculty of Engineering and Food Technology, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (T.B.T.D.); (C.C.N.); (S.Y.K.); (Q.V.L.)
| | | | - Thi Van Thi Tran
- University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam; (T.V.T.T.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Trung Hieu Le
- University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam; (T.V.T.T.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, NSW 2751 Penrith, Australia;
| | - Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Chien Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (T.B.T.D.); (C.C.N.); (S.Y.K.); (Q.V.L.)
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.B.T.D.); (C.C.N.); (S.Y.K.); (Q.V.L.)
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.B.T.D.); (C.C.N.); (S.Y.K.); (Q.V.L.)
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6
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Liao N, Pang B, Jin H, Xu X, Yan L, Li H, Shao D, Shi J. Potential of lactic acid bacteria derived polysaccharides for the delivery and controlled release of oral probiotics. J Control Release 2020; 323:110-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Xu Y, Cui Y, Yue F, Liu L, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria: Structures, physiochemical functions and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zhou Y, Cui Y, Qu X. Exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria: Structure, bioactivity and associations: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:317-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Maes E, Sadovskaya I, Lévêque M, Elass-Rochard E, Payré B, Grard T, Théodorou V, Guérardel Y, Mercier-Bonin M. Structure and biological activities of a hexosamine-rich cell wall polysaccharide isolated from the probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:39-55. [PMID: 30637506 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-09854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus farciminis CIP 103136 is a bacterial strain with recognized probiotic properties. However, the mechanisms underlying such properties have only been partially elucidated. In this study, we isolated and purified a cell-wall associated polysaccharide (CWPS), and evaluated its biological role in vitro. The structure of CWPS and responses from stimulation of (i) human macrophage-like THP-1 cells, (ii) human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells stably transfected with Toll-like receptors (TLR2 or TLR4) and (iii) human colonocyte-like T84 intestinal epithelial cells, upon exposure to CWPS were studied. The structure of the purified CWPS from L. farciminis CIP 103136 was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), MALDI-TOF-TOF MS, and methylation analyses in its native form and following Smith degradation. It was shown to be a novel branched polysaccharide, composed of linear backbone of trisaccharide repeating units of: [→6αGlcpNAc1 → 4βManpNAc1 → 4βGlcpNAc1→] highly substituted with single residues of αGlcp, αGalp and αGlcpNAc. Subsequently, the lack of pro- or anti-inflammatory properties of CWPS was established on macrophage-like THP-1 cells. In addition, CWPS failed to modulate cell signaling pathways dependent of TLR2 and TLR4 in transfected HEK-cells. Finally, in T84 cells, CWPS neither influenced intestinal barrier integrity under basal conditions nor prevented TNF-α/IFN-γ cytokine-mediated epithelium impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Maes
- CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ Lille, 59 000, Lille, France
| | - Irina Sadovskaya
- Equipe Biochimie des Produits Aquatiques BPA, Institut Régional Charles Violette EA 7394, USC Anses-ULCO, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Bassin Napoléon, 62327, Boulogne-sur-mer cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Lévêque
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Elass-Rochard
- CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ Lille, 59 000, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Payré
- Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Grard
- Equipe Biochimie des Produits Aquatiques BPA, Institut Régional Charles Violette EA 7394, USC Anses-ULCO, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Bassin Napoléon, 62327, Boulogne-sur-mer cedex, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ Lille, 59 000, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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10
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Klopper KB, Deane SM, Dicks LMT. Aciduric Strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Isolated from Human Feces, Have Strong Adhesion and Aggregation Properties. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:89-97. [PMID: 28756502 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human feces were streaked onto MRS Agar adjusted to pH 2.5, 3.0, and 6.4, respectively, and medium supplemented with 1.0% (w/v) bile salts. Two aciduric strains, identified as Lactobacillus reuteri HFI-LD5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HFI-K2 (based on 16S rDNA and recA sequences), were non-hemolytic and did not hydrolyze mucin. The surface of Lactobacillus reuteri HFI-LD5 cells has a weak negative charge, whereas Lactobacillus rhamnosus HFI-K2 has acidic and basic properties, and produces exopolysaccharides (EPS). None of the strains produce bacteriocins. Both strains are resistant to several antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and sulphonamides. The ability of Lactobacillus reuteri HFI-LD5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HFI-K2 to grow at pH 2.5 suggests that they will survive passage through the stomach. EPS production may assist in binding to intestinal mucus, especially in the small intestinal tract, protect epithelial cells, and stimulate the immune system. Lactobacillus reuteri HFI-LD5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HFI-K2 may be used as probiotics, especially in the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Klopper
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Shelly M Deane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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11
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Castro-Bravo N, Wells JM, Margolles A, Ruas-Madiedo P. Interactions of Surface Exopolysaccharides From Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Within the Intestinal Environment. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2426. [PMID: 30364185 PMCID: PMC6193118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are surface carbohydrate polymers present in most bacteria acting as a protective surface layer but also interacting with the surrounding environment. This review discusses the roles of EPS synthesized by strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, many of them with probiotic characteristics, in the intestinal environment. Current knowledge on genetics and biosynthesis pathways of EPS in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, as well as the development of genetic tools, has created possibilities to elucidate the interplay between EPS and host intestinal mucosa. These include the microbiota that inhabits this ecological niche and the host cells. Several carbohydrate recognition receptors located in the intestinal epithelium could be involved in the interaction with bacterial EPS and modulation of immune response; however, little is known about the receptors recognizing EPS from lactobacilli or bifidobacteria and the triggered response. On the contrary, it has been clearly demonstrated that EPS play a relevant role in the persistence of the producing bacteria in the intestinal tract. Indeed, some authors postulate that some of the beneficial actions of EPS-producing probiotics could be related to the formation of a biofilm layer protecting the host against injury, for example by pathogens or their toxins. Nevertheless, the in vivo formation of biofilms by probiotics has not been proved to date. Finally, EPS produced by probiotic strains are also able to interact with the intestinal microbiota that populates the gut. In fact, some of these polymers can be used as carbohydrate fermentable source by some gut commensals thus being putatively involved in the release of bacterial metabolites that exert positive benefits for the host. In spite of the increasing knowledge about the role that these surface molecules play in the interaction of probiotic bacteria with the gut mucosal actors, both intestinal receptors and microbiota, the challenging issue is to demonstrate the functionality of EPS in vivo, which will open an avenue of opportunities for the application of EPS-producing probiotics to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Castro-Bravo
- Microhealth Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain.,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Science Department, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Science Department, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Microhealth Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Microhealth Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
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12
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Wang J, Nie S, Chen S, Phillips AO, Phillips GO, Li Y, Xie M, Cui SW. Structural characterization of an α-1, 6-linked galactomannan from natural Cordyceps sinensis. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Khan S, Birch J, Van Calsteren MR, Ipsen R, Peters GHJ, Svensson B, Harris P, Almdal K. Interaction between structurally different heteroexopolysaccharides and β-lactoglobulin studied by solution scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:746-754. [PMID: 29329814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite a very large number of bacterial exopolysaccharides have been reported, detailed knowledge on their molecular structures and associative interactions with proteins is lacking. Small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) were used to characterize the interactions of six lactic acid bacterial heteroexopolysaccharides (HePS-1-HePS-6) with β-lactoglobulin (BLG). Compared to free HePSs, a large increase in the X-ray radius of gyration RG, maximum length L and hydrodynamic diameter dH of HePS-1-HePS-4 mixed with BLG revealed strong aggregation, the extent of which depended on the compact conformation and degree of branching of these HePSs. No significant effects were observed with HePS-5 and HePS-6. Turbidity and AUC analyses showed that both soluble and insoluble BLG-HePS complexes were formed. The findings provide new insights into the role of molecular structures in associative interactions between HePSs and BLG which has relevance for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Khan
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Johnny Birch
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie-Rose Van Calsteren
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Richard Ipsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Zeidan AA, Poulsen VK, Janzen T, Buldo P, Derkx PMF, Øregaard G, Neves AR. Polysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: from genes to industrial applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:S168-S200. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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15
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Khan S, Birch J, Harris P, Van Calsteren MR, Ipsen R, Peters GHJ, Svensson B, Almdal K. Revealing the Compact Structure of Lactic Acid Bacterial Heteroexopolysaccharides by SAXS and DLS. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:747-756. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Khan
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Ørsteds Plads, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johnny Birch
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, DTU, Elektrovej, Building
375, DK-2800 Kgs.
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, DTU, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie-Rose Van Calsteren
- Saint-Hyacinthe
Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe,
Quebec J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Richard Ipsen
- Department
of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Günther H. J. Peters
- Department
of Chemistry, DTU, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, DTU, Elektrovej, Building
375, DK-2800 Kgs.
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Ørsteds Plads, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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A Novel Rhamnose-Rich Hetero-exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei DG Activates THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02702-16. [PMID: 27913418 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02702-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei DG is a bacterial strain with recognized probiotic properties and is used in commercial probiotic products. However, the mechanisms underlying its probiotic properties are mainly unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the ability of strain DG to interact with the host is at least partly associated with its ability to synthesize a surface-associated exopolysaccharide (EPS). Comparative genomics revealed the presence of putative EPS gene clusters in the DG genome; accordingly, EPS was isolated from the surface of the bacterium. A sample of the pure EPS from strain DG (DG-EPS), upon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and chemical analyses, was shown to be a novel branched hetero-EPS with a repeat unit composed of l-rhamnose, d-galactose, and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine in a ratio of 4:1:1. Subsequently, we demonstrated that DG-EPS displays immunostimulating properties by enhancing the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and particularly that of the chemokines IL-8 and CCL20, in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. In contrast, the expression of the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2 was not affected. In conclusion, DG-EPS is a bacterial macromolecule with the ability to boost the immune system either as a secreted molecule released from the bacterium or as a capsular envelope on the bacterial cell wall. This study provides additional information about the mechanisms supporting the cross talk between L. paracasei DG and the host. IMPORTANCE The consumption of food products and supplements called probiotics (i.e., containing live microbial cells) to potentially prevent or treat specific diseases is constantly gaining popularity. The lack of knowledge on the precise mechanisms supporting their potential health-promoting properties, however, greatly limits a more appropriate use of each single probiotic strain. In this context, we studied a well-known probiotic, Lactobacillus paracasei DG, in order to identify the constitutive molecules that can explain the documented health-promoting properties of this bacterium. We found a novel polysaccharide molecule, named DG-EPS, that is secreted by and covers the bacterium. We demonstrated that this molecule, which has a chemical structure never identified before, has immunostimulatory properties and therefore may contribute to the ability of the probiotic L. paracasei DG to interact with the immune system.
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17
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Górska S, Hermanova P, Ciekot J, Schwarzer M, Srutkova D, Brzozowska E, Kozakova H, Gamian A. Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1014-1024. [PMID: 27102285 PMCID: PMC5045530 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. However, the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations are still far from being understood. Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. By virtue of their chemical features, such PS can modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Górska
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland,
| | - Petra Hermanova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Jarosław Ciekot
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Torino MI, Font de Valdez G, Mozzi F. Biopolymers from lactic acid bacteria. Novel applications in foods and beverages. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:834. [PMID: 26441845 PMCID: PMC4566036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are microorganisms widely used in the fermented food industry worldwide. Certain LAB are able to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) either attached to the cell wall (capsular EPS) or released to the extracellular environment (EPS). According to their composition, LAB may synthesize heteropolysaccharides or homopolysaccharides. A wide diversity of EPS are produced by LAB concerning their monomer composition, molecular mass, and structure. Although EPS-producing LAB strains have been traditionally applied in the manufacture of dairy products such as fermented milks and yogurts, their use in the elaboration of low-fat cheeses, diverse type of sourdough breads, and certain beverages are some of the novel applications of these polymers. This work aims to collect the most relevant issues of the former reviews concerning the monomer composition, structure, and yields and biosynthetic enzymes of EPS from LAB; to describe the recently characterized EPS and to present the application of both EPS-producing strains and their polymers in the fermented (specifically beverages and cereal-based) food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I. Torino
- Technology Department, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de TucumánArgentina
| | | | - Fernanda Mozzi
- Technology Department, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de TucumánArgentina
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19
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Polak-Berecka M, Choma A, Waśko A, Górska S, Gamian A, Cybulska J. Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on various carbon sources. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 117:501-509. [PMID: 25498664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. AFM microscopy revealed morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching. Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Polak-Berecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; Institute of Agrophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sabina Górska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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20
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The effect of cell surface components on adhesion ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:751-62. [PMID: 25090959 PMCID: PMC4158178 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the cell envelope components and surface properties of two phenotypes of Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. The ability of the bacteria to adhere to human intestinal cells and to aggregate with other bacteria was determined. L. rhamnosus strains E/N and PEN differed with regard to the presence of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and specific surface proteins. Transmission electron microscopy showed differences in the structure of the outer cell surface of the strains tested. Bacterial surface properties were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fatty acid methyl esters and hydrophobicity assays. Aggregation capacity and adhesion of the tested strains to the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 was determined. The results indicated a high adhesion and aggregation ability of L. rhamnosus PEN, which possessed specific surface proteins, had a unique fatty acid content, and did not synthesize EPS. Adherence of L. rhamnosus was dependent on specific interactions and was promoted by surface proteins (42–114 kDa) and specific fatty acids. Polysaccharides likely hindered bacterial adhesion and aggregation by masking protein receptors. This study provides information on the cell envelope constituents of lactobacilli that influence bacterial aggregation and adhesion to intestinal cells. This knowledge will help to understand better their specific contribution in commensal–host interactions and adaptation to this ecological niche.
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21
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Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: Structural analysis, molecular weight effect on immunomodulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 68:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Wang K, Li W, Rui X, Chen X, Jiang M, Dong M. Characterization of a novel exopolysaccharide with antitumor activity from Lactobacillus plantarum 70810. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 63:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Górska-Frączek S, Sandström C, Kenne L, Paściak M, Brzozowska E, Strus M, Heczko P, Gamian A. The structure and immunoreactivity of exopolysaccharide isolated from Lactobacillus johnsonii strain 151. Carbohydr Res 2013; 378:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Golińska E, Tomusiak A, Gosiewski T, Więcek G, Machul A, Mikołajczyk D, Bulanda M, Heczko PB, Strus M. Virulence factors of Enterococcus strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3562-3572. [PMID: 23801857 PMCID: PMC3691038 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i23.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the features of Enterococcus that contribute to the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to assess the presence of genes that encode virulence factors [surface aggregating protein (asa1), gelatinase (gelE), cytolysin (cylA), extracellular surface protein (esp) and hyaluronidase (hyl)] in the genomic DNA of 28 strains of Enterococcus isolated from the intestinal tissues of children with IBD (n = 16) and of children without IBD (controls; n = 12). Additionally, strains with confirmed presence of the gelE gene were tested by PCR for the presence of quorum sensing genes (fsrA, fsrB, fsrC) that control the gelatinase production. Gelatinase activity was tested on agar plates containing 1.6% gelatin. We also analysed the ability of Enterococcus strains to release and decompose hydrogen peroxide (using Analytical Merckoquant peroxide test strips) and tested their ability to adhere to Caco-2 human gut epithelium cells and form biofilms in vitro.
RESULTS: A comparison of the genomes of Enterococcus strains isolated from the inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD with those of the control group showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of the asa1 gene and the gelE gene. Furthermore, the cumulative occurrence of different virulence genes in the genome of a single strain of Enterococcus isolated from the IBD patient group is greater than in a strain from the control group, although no significant difference was found. Statistically significant differences in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and adherence to the Caco-2 epithelial cell line between the strains from the patient group and control group were demonstrated. The results also showed that profuse biofilm production was more frequent among Enterococcus strains isolated from children with IBD than in control strains.
CONCLUSION: Enterococcus strains that adhere strongly to the intestinal epithelium, form biofilms and possess antioxidant defence mechanisms seem to have the greatest influence on the inflammatory process.
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