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Wang W, Fu Y, Xu J, Gao X, Fu X, Wang L. Optimization of hydrolysis conditions of alginate based on high performance liquid chromatography. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29738. [PMID: 38699043 PMCID: PMC11064077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alginate is the most abundant polysaccharide compound in brown algae, which is widely used in various fields. At present, the determination of the content of alginate is mostly carried out using sulfuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis followed by the determination of the content, but the results are not satisfactory, and there are problems such as low hydrolysis degree and low recovery rate. Therefore, in this study, based on the optimization of high performance liquid chromatographic conditions for pre-column derivatization of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), the hydrolysis effects of sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), oxalic acid, and formic acid were compared and the hydrolysis conditions were optimized. The results showed that formic acid was the best hydrolyzing acid. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were 95 % formic acid at 110 °C for 10 h. The hydrolysis effect was stable, with high recovery and low destruction of monosaccharides, which made it possible to introduce formic acid into the subsequent polysaccharide hydrolysis. The pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography method established in this study was accurate and reliable, and the hydrolysis acid with better effect was screened, which provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent determination of alginate content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
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Onishi S, Shionoya K, Sato K, Mubuchi A, Maruyama S, Nakajima T, Komeno M, Miyata S, Yoshizawa K, Wada T, Linhardt RJ, Toida T, Higashi K. Fucosylated heparan sulfate from the midgut gland of Patinopecten yessoensis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120847. [PMID: 37182947 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional relationships of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) derived from marine organisms have been investigated, suggesting that marine invertebrates, particularly Bivalvia, are abundant sources of highly sulfated or branched GAGs. In this study, we identified a novel fucosylated heparan sulfate (Fuc-HS) from the midgut gland of the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. Scallop HS showed resistance to GAG-degrading enzymes, including chondroitinases and heparinases, and susceptibility to heparinases increased when scallop HS was treated with mild acid hydrolysis, which removes the fucosyl group. Moreover, 1H NMR detected significant signals near 1.2-1.3 ppm corresponding to the H-6 methyl proton of fucose residues and small H-3 (3.59 ppm) or H-2 (3.39 ppm) signals of glucuronate (GlcA) were detected, suggesting that the fucose moiety is attached to the C-3 position of GlcA in scallop HS. GC-MS detected peaks corresponding to 1, 3, 5-tri-O-acetyl-2, 4-di-O-methyl-L-fucitol and 1, 4, 5-tri-O-acetyl-2, 3-di-O-methyl-L-fucitol, suggesting that the fucose moiety is 3-O- or 4-O-sulfated. Furthermore, scallop HS showed anti-coagulant and neurite outgrowth-promoting (NOP) activities. These results suggest that the midgut gland of scallops is a valuable source of Fuc-HS with biological activities.
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Shionoya K, Suzuki T, Takada M, Sato K, Onishi S, Dohmae N, Nishino K, Wada T, Linhardt RJ, Toida T, Higashi K. Comprehensive analysis of chondroitin sulfate and aggrecan in the head cartilage of bony fishes: Identification of proteoglycans in the head cartilage of sturgeon. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:333-342. [PMID: 35339495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage in the head of sturgeon or salmon has been gaining attention as a rich source of functional chondroitin sulfate (CS) or proteoglycans. Although the cartilage was found in the heads of other bony fishes, the structure of CS and its core protein, especially aggrecan, was not fully investigated. In this study, comprehensive analysis of CS and aggrecan in the head cartilage of 10 bony fishes including sturgeon and salmon was performed. The 4-O-sulfation to 6-O-sulfation ratio (4S/6S ratio; S: sulfate residue) of CS in Perciformes was ≧1.0, while the 4S/6S ratios of CS from sturgeons and salmon were less than 0.5. Dot blotting and proteomic analysis revealed that aggrecan was a major core protein in head cartilage of all bony fishes. These results suggest that the head cartilage of bony fishes is a promising source for the preparation of CS or proteoglycans as a health food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Shionoya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mako Takada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shoichi Onishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nishino
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine/Faculty of Agriculture, Center for Animal Disease Control (CADIC), University of Miyazaki 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Rowbotham JS, Aguilar JA, Kenwright AM, Greenwell HC, Dyer PW. Solution-state behaviour of algal mono-uronates evaluated by pure shift and compressive sampling NMR techniques. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108087. [PMID: 32807355 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium salts of the algal uronic-acids, d-mannuronic acid (HManA) and l-guluronic acid (HGulA) have been isolated and characterised in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A suite of recently-described NMR experiments (including pure shift and compressive sampling techniques) were used to provide confident assignments of the pyranose forms of the two uronic acids at various pD values (from 7.5 to 1.4). The resulting high resolution spectra were used to determine several previously unknown parameters for the two acids, including their pKa values, the position of their isomeric equilibria, and their propensity to form furanurono-6,3-lactones. For each of the three parameters, comparisons are drawn with the behaviour of the related D-glucuronic (HGlcA) and D-galacturonic acids (HGalA), which have been previously studied extensively. This paper demonstrates how these new NMR spectroscopic techniques can be applied to better understand the properties of polyuronides and uronide-rich macroalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Rowbotham
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Juan A Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Alan M Kenwright
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - H Christopher Greenwell
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Philip W Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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Higashi K, Takeuchi Y, Mukuno A, Tomitori H, Miya M, Linhardt RJ, Toida T. Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120860. [PMID: 25803296 PMCID: PMC4372294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. CS was only found from Chimaera phantasma, Dalatias licha, and Odontaspis ferox, respectively. Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS were comprised of C- and D-type units. Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of this CS/DS consisted of E-, B- and D-type units. Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ann Mukuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tomitori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masaki Miya
- Natural History Museum and Institute, 955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Craig AP, Fields CC, Simpson JV. Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantification of glucaric Acid derivatives in beverage substrates. Int J Anal Chem 2014; 2014:402938. [PMID: 25024704 PMCID: PMC4082866 DOI: 10.1155/2014/402938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method using the standard addition methodology was developed for the determination of glucuronolactone (GL) and glucuronic acid (DGuA) in four beverages categorized as detoxification, recovery, or energy drinks. The method features a precolumn derivatization step with a combination of BSTFA (N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide) and TMCS (trimethylchlorosilane) to silylate the analytes. The sample pretreatment required no extraction, filtration, or reduction step prior to the injection. The quantification of the analytes was performed using a five-point standard addition protocol. The proposed method presented excellent intraday precision (%RSD < 10) and linearity for GL calibration curves (correlation coefficients > 0.995) and acceptable linearity for DGuA calibration curves (correlation coefficients > 0.97). The estimated limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for GL ranged from 0.006 ppm to 0.14 ppm, and 0.02 ppm to 0.47 ppm, respectively. The estimated LOD and LOQ for DGuA determination ranged, respectively, from 0.06 ppm to 1.1 ppm and 0.2 ppm to 3.8 ppm. The results demonstrated that the method should be regarded as a reliable alternative to the simultaneous determination of GL and DGuA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Craig
- Applied Food Sciences, Inc., 8708 South Congress, Austin, TX 78745, USA
| | | | - John V. Simpson
- Chemir Analytical Services, 2672 Metro Boulevard, Maryland Heights, MO 63043, USA
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Determination of the carbohydrates from Notopterygium forbesii Boiss by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:794-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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