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Larocque SM, Fisk AT, Johnson TB. Evaluation of muscle lipid extraction and non-lethal fin tissue use for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analyses in adult salmonids. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e9093. [PMID: 33811404 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chemical lipid extraction or using alternative tissues such as fish fin as opposed to muscle may alter isotopic ratios and influence interpretations of δ13 C, δ15 N, and previously unassessed δ34 S values in stable isotope analyses (SIA). Our objectives were to determine if lipid extraction alters these isotope ratios in muscle, if lipid normalization models can be used for lipid-rich salmonids, and if fin isotope ratios are comparable with those of muscle in adult salmonids. METHODS In six adult salmonid species (n = 106) collected from Lake Ontario, we compared three isotope ratios in lipid-extracted (LE) muscle with bulk muscle, and LE muscle with fin tissue, with paired t-tests and linear regressions. We compared differences between δ13 C values in LE and bulk muscle with predicted values from lipid normalization models and the log-linear model of best fit and determined model efficiency. RESULTS The δ15 N values in LE muscle increased (<1‰) relative to bulk muscle for most salmonids, with relationships nearing 1:1. There were either no differences or strong 1:1 relationships in δ34 S values between species-specific bulk and LE muscle. One lipid normalization model had greater model efficiency (97%) than the model of best fit (94%). Fin had higher δ13 C values than LE muscle while δ15 N trends varied (<1‰); however, both isotope ratios had either no or weak linear relationships with fin and LE muscle within species. The δ34 S values in fin were similar to those in LE muscle and had strong 1:1 relationships across species. CONCLUSIONS We recommend using the lipid normalization model to adjust for δ13 C values in lipid-rich muscle (C:N >3.4). LE muscle could be used without δ15 N or δ34 S adjustments, but the minimal increase in δ15 N values may affect SIA interpretation. With high unexplained variability among adult species in fin-muscle δ13 C and δ15 N relationships, species-specific fin-muscle adjustments are warranted. No fin-muscle tissue adjustment would be required for δ34 S values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Larocque
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Timothy B Johnson
- Glenora Fisheries Station, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, R.R. #4, Picton, Ontario, K0K 2T0, Canada
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2
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Winter ER, Nyqvist M, Britton JR. Non-lethal sampling for stable isotope analysis of pike Esox lucius: how mucus, scale and fin tissue compare to muscle. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:956-958. [PMID: 31125118 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis (SIA) was used to examine the isotopic relationships between dorsal muscle and fin, scale and epidermal mucus in pike Esox lucius. δ13 C and δ15 N varied predictably within each tissue pairing, with conversion factors calculated for the surrogate tissues, enabling their application to the non-lethal sampling of E. lucius for SIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Winter
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Marina Nyqvist
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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3
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Cardoso M, de Faria Barbosa R, Torrente-Vilara G, Guanaz G, Oliveira de Jesus EF, Mársico ET, de Oliveira Resende Ribeiro R, Gusmão F. Multielemental composition and consumption risk characterization of three commercial marine fish species. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:1026-1034. [PMID: 31252099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine fish are considered a source of high quality proteins and fatty acids. However, the consumption of fish may pose a health risk as it may have potentially toxic elements in high concentrations. In this study we quantify the multielemental composition of muscle and fins for three species of commercial marine fish from Brazil: Sphyraena guachancho (Barracuda), Priacantus arenatus (Common bigeye) and Genidens genidens (Guri sea catfish). We then assessed the potential risk of fish consumption by means of a Provisional Hazard Indices. Amongst the elements detected in fish tissue were potentially toxic elements such as Ag, Ba, Cd, Cr and Hg. Concentration differences were species-specific, and affected by the species trophic level, morphological characteristics and feeding habits. Results suggest the higher the trophic level of the fish, the higher the risk of consumption. Caution is recommended for the frequent ingestion of high trophic level fish species in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Cardoso
- São Carlos School of Engineering, São Paulo University (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11030-400, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Guanaz
- São Carlos School of Engineering, São Paulo University (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Teixeira Mársico
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Centro de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Veterinária, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Gusmão
- São Carlos School of Engineering, São Paulo University (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11030-400, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Kroska AC, Wolf N, Dial R, Harris BP. Exploring sample cross-contamination in fish epidermal mucus. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:647-650. [PMID: 30963579 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cross-contamination of epidermal mucus was assessed at three sampling locations on the bodies of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis by inducing contact between fish coated with labelled synthetic mucus and non-treated fish. Results indicate a positive relationship between sampling site exposure and sample contamination and that mucous sample cross-contamination can be mitigated by sampling in a location protected from external contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Kroska
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science and Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Nathan Wolf
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science and Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Roman Dial
- Marine and Environmental Sciences, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Bradley P Harris
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science and Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
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5
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Abstract
Stress in teleosts is an increasingly studied topic because of its interaction with growth, reproduction, immune system and ultimately fitness of the animal. Whether it is for evaluating welfare in aquaculture, adaptive capacities in fish ecology, or to investigate effects of human-induced rapid environmental change, new experimental methods to describe stress physiology in captive or wild fish have flourished. Cortisol has proven to be a reliable indicator of stress and is considered the major stress hormone. Initially principally measured in blood, cortisol measurement methods are now evolving towards lower invasiveness and to allow repeated measurements over time. We present an overview of recent achievements in the field of cortisol measurement in fishes, discussing new alternatives to blood, whole body and eggs as matrices for cortisol measurement, notably mucus, faeces, water, scales and fins. In parallel, new analytical tools are being developed to increase specificity, sensitivity and automation of the measure. The review provides the founding principles of these techniques and introduces their potential as continuous monitoring tools. Finally, we consider promising avenues of research that could be prioritised in the field of stress physiology of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC, Ifremer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Palavas Les-Flots, France
| | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC, Ifremer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Palavas Les-Flots, France
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6
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Kambikambi MJ, Chakona A, Kadye WT. The influence of diet composition and tissue type on the stable isotope incorporation patterns of a small-bodied southern African minnow Enteromius anoplus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:613-623. [PMID: 30672616 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In trophic ecology, the use of stable isotope data relies on the general understanding of isotope turnover rates and diet-to-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs). Recent studies on the application of stable isotope data have shown that isotope turnover rates and DTDFs can be influenced by many factors, including diet composition and tissue type. This study investigated the influence of diet composition and tissue type on stable isotope incorporation patterns in a small-bodied African minnow, the chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus. METHODS The isotopic incorporation patterns of carbon (δ13 C values) and nitrogen (δ15 N values) into white muscle and caudal fin tissues of the chubbyhead barb were examined using two isotopically different diets. Controlled-diet stable isotope feeding trials using a fishmeal-based diet (diet 1) and a soya-based diet (diet 2) were conducted over a 180-day period for the chubbyhead barb. RESULTS The two diets had contrasting isotopic incorporation patterns: diet 1 was associated with progressively high δ13 C and δ15 N values, whereas diet 2 was associated with progressively low δ13 C and δ15 N values over time for both muscle and fin tissues. The δ13 C turnover rates were similar for both tissues (56 and 61 days), whereas the δ15 N turnover rates differed between fin and muscle tissue in both diets (diet 1 = 4 and 130 days, and diet 2 = 72 and 300 days, respectively). The DTDFs were similar for both tissues in diet 1 (Δ13 C: -3.96 to -2.62‰, Δ15 N: 1.98 to 2.61‰) and diet 2 (Δ13 C: 4.05 to 5.24‰, Δ15 N: 8.45 to 9.69‰). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fin tissue can potentially be used as an alternative for muscle tissue in food web studies with a reasonable level of error. The isotopic turnover rate and DTDFs estimates for E. anoplus, however, require consideration of diet composition because different diets may differ in their isotopic incorporation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda J Kambikambi
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Albert Chakona
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Wilbert T Kadye
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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7
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McCloskey M, Yurkowski DJ, Semeniuk CAD. Validating fin tissue as a non-lethal proxy to liver and muscle tissue for stable isotope analysis of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2018; 54:196-208. [PMID: 29092625 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1391242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope ecology typically involves sacrificing the animal to obtain tissues. However, with threatened species or in long-term longitudinal studies, non-lethal sampling techniques should be used. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine if caudal fin tissue could be used as a non-lethal proxy to liver and muscle for stable isotope analysis, and (2) assess the effects of ethanol preservation on δ15N and δ13C in fin tissue of juvenile yellow perch Perca flavescens. The δ13C of caudal fin was not significantly different from liver (t23 = -0.58; p = 0.57), and was more correlated with δ15N in liver (r2 = 0.78) than muscle (r2 = 0.56). Ethanol preservation enriched 15N and 13C for caudal fins, but by using our developed regression models, these changes in δ15N and δ13C can now be corrected. Overall, caudal fin tissue is a more reliable proxy to liver than muscle for δ15N and δ13C in yellow perch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McCloskey
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
| | - David J Yurkowski
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
| | - Christina A D Semeniuk
- a Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research , University of Windsor , Windsor , Canada
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8
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Ong MC, Gan SL. Assessment of metallic trace elements in the muscles and fins of four landed elasmobranchs from Kuala Terengganu Waters, Malaysia. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:1001-1005. [PMID: 28807418 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A study had been carried out to determine Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations in the muscle and fins of four elasmobranchs species namely spot-tail sharks, milk sharks, whitespotted bamboo sharks and whitespotted guitarfish from Pulau Kambing LKIM Fishery Complex, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Zinc level was found to have the highest concentration whereas Cd had the lowest concentration in both organs. By comparing both organs, metals concentrations in fins of all elasmobranchs species were higher than muscle. Result obtained was compared with the guidelines set by Malaysian Food Regulation and the provisional tolerable weekly intake was also determined. Current study recommends that the muscle of whitespotted bamboo shark from Kuala Terengganu Waters is likely not to be consumed due to it exceeded the allowable consumption guideline. Finding of this paper is very useful as it provides the baseline data on the pollution status of elasmobranchs in Kuala Terengganu Waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chuan Ong
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Shi Ling Gan
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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9
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Hayden B, Tongnunui S, Beamish FWH, Nithirojpakdee P, Cunjak RA. Variation in stable-isotope ratios between fin and muscle tissues can alter assessment of resource use in tropical river fishes. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:574-586. [PMID: 28776705 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen stable-isotope ratios were compared of fin and muscle tissue from 15 fish species collected from seven headwater rivers in eastern and western Thailand. In addition, two-source stable-isotope mixing models were used to derive estimates of each fish's reliance on allochthonous and autochthonous energy based on fin and muscle tissues. Across the dataset, fish fin was enriched in 13 C relative to muscle by c. 1·5‰. Variation in δ15 N between tissues was below statistically significant levels. Estimates of autochthonous resource use calculated from fin tissue were on average 15% greater than those calculated from muscle. Linear mixed-effects models indicated that inter-tissue variation in estimates of resource use was predominantly related to inter-tissue variation in δ13 C. Fish fin is a credible and desirable alternative to tissues such as muscle or liver which require destructive sampling of fishes. Care must be taken, however, when estimating resource use or interpreting previous estimates of resource use derived from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hayden
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - S Tongnunui
- Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - F W H Beamish
- Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - P Nithirojpakdee
- Faculty of Argo-Industrial Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Tawan-Ok Chanthaburi Campus, Chanthaburi 22210, Thailand
| | - R A Cunjak
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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10
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Tzadik OE, Peebles EB, Stallings CD. Life-history studies by non-lethal sampling: using microchemical constituents of fin rays as chronological recorders. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:611-625. [PMID: 27680502 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical properties of fin rays were investigated in nine fish species to test whether life-history characteristics can be analysed using a non-lethal and minimally invasive methodology. Fish specimens from public aquariums were acquired after fishes died in captivity. Analyses concentrated on exploring the differences between the wild and captive life periods of each fish, which were known from aquarium records. Differences between the two life periods were observed in both the trace-element and stable-isotope compositions of the chemical matrix of the fin ray. Trace-element concentrations in fin rays were compared with those in otoliths using measures of resolved variance and cross-correlation to test the assumption of conserved matrices in the fin ray. Divalent ions and positively charged transition metals (i.e. Fe and Co) had strong associations between the two structures, suggesting conservation of material. Stable-isotope values of δ13 C and δ15 N differed between the wild and captive life periods in most of the fishes, also suggesting conserved matrices. δ13 C and δ15 N were derived from the organic matrix within the fin ray, which may present a stable-isotope chronology. Future studies can use these chronologies to study diet and movement trends on a temporal scale consistent with the entire lifetime of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Tzadik
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida, 33701, U.S.A
| | - E B Peebles
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida, 33701, U.S.A
| | - C D Stallings
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida, 33701, U.S.A
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11
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Phelps QE, Hupfeld RN, Whitledge GW. Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens and shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus environmental life history revealed using pectoral fin-ray microchemistry: implications for interjurisdictional conservation through fishery closure zones. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:626-639. [PMID: 27981582 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study inferred that the majority of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus captured in the upper Mississippi River probably originated from locations outside the upper Mississippi River (Missouri River, middle Mississippi River); whereas, lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens exhibit infrequent movement outside of the upper Mississippi River, but may move throughout these interconnected large rivers at various life stages. By using pectoral fin-ray microchemistry (a non-lethal alternative to using otoliths), it is suggest that interjurisdictional cooperation will probably be needed to ensure sustainability of the S. platorynchus commercial fishery and the success of A. fulvescens reintroduction in the upper Mississippi River. Additionally, fin-ray microchemistry can provide invaluable data to make informed management decisions regarding large river fishes, that cross jurisdictional boundaries or that move outside of closure zones, without causing further mortality to compromised fish populations (e.g. threatened and endangered species).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q E Phelps
- Big Rivers and Wetlands Field Station, Missouri Department of Conservation, 3815 East Jackson Boulevard, Jackson, MO, 63755, U.S.A
| | - R N Hupfeld
- Southeast Missouri State University, Biology Department, One University Plaza, Cape Girardeau, MO, 63701, U.S.A
- Missouri River Fisheries Management Office, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, 21914 Park Loop, Onawa, IA, 51040, U.S.A
| | - G W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, U.S.A
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12
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McMillan MN, Izzo C, Wade B, Gillanders BM. Elements and elasmobranchs: hypotheses, assumptions and limitations of elemental analysis. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:559-594. [PMID: 27859234 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the elemental composition of elasmobranch calcified cartilage (hard parts) has the potential to answer a range of ecological and biological questions, at both the individual and population level. Few studies, however, have employed elemental analyses of elasmobranch hard parts. This paper provides an overview of the range of applications of elemental analysis in elasmobranchs, discussing the assumptions and potential limitations in cartilaginous fishes. It also reviews the available information on biotic and abiotic factors influencing patterns of elemental incorporation into hard parts of elasmobranchs and provides some comparative elemental assays and mapping in an attempt to fill knowledge gaps. Directions for future experimental research are highlighted to better understand fundamental elemental dynamics in elasmobranch hard parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N McMillan
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories and Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - C Izzo
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories and Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - B Wade
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - B M Gillanders
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories and Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
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13
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Cerveny D, Roje S, Turek J, Randak T. Fish fin-clips as a non-lethal approach for biomonitoring of mercury contamination in aquatic environments and human health risk assessment. Chemosphere 2016; 163:290-295. [PMID: 27543678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscle tissue and pectoral fins of two important indicator fish species, frequently used in biomonitoring programs, were sampled and analysed for total mercury content (THg) at six localities within the Czech Republic. The relationship between mercury concentration in muscle and in fin-clips was described. Mean values of THg fin-clip concentration correlate significantly (p < 0.01) with those measured in muscle of indicator fish. Concerning comparison among localities, a coefficient of determination (r(2)) of 0.85 and 0.91 was found between studied approaches in the case of chub (Squalius cephalus) and bream (Abramis brama), respectively. THg muscle concentrations (mean, n = 10) varied from 0.181 to 0.491 μg g(-1) wet, depending on indicator species and locality. A concentration-dependent relationship between muscle and fin-clip THg content was found in both species. Based on this finding, a novel method for the prediction of muscle THg concentration from fin-clips analysis was developed. The difference between measured and predicted muscle concentration was below 10% in both indicator species at most sampling sites. Use of fish fin-clips was found as an appropriate nonlethal approach for the evaluation of mercury contamination in aquatic environments as well as for human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cerveny
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Sara Roje
- University of Dubrovnik, Department of Aquaculture, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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14
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Guest TW, Blaylock RB, Evans AN. Development of a modified cortisol extraction procedure for intermediately sized fish not amenable to whole-body or plasma extraction methods. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016; 42:1-6. [PMID: 26245954 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The corticosteroid hormone cortisol is the central mediator of the teleost stress response. Therefore, the accurate quantification of cortisol in teleost fishes is a vital tool for addressing fundamental questions about an animal's physiological response to environmental stressors. Conventional steroid extraction methods using plasma or whole-body homogenates, however, are inefficient within an intermediate size range of fish that are too small for phlebotomy and too large for whole-body steroid extractions. To assess the potential effects of hatchery-induced stress on survival of fingerling hatchery-reared Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), we developed a novel extraction procedure for measuring cortisol in intermediately sized fish (50-100 mm in length) that are not amenable to standard cortisol extraction methods. By excising a standardized portion of the caudal peduncle, this tissue extraction procedure allows for a small portion of a larger fish to be sampled for cortisol, while minimizing the potential interference from lipids that may be extracted using whole-body homogenization procedures. Assay precision was comparable to published plasma and whole-body extraction procedures, and cortisol quantification over a wide range of sample dilutions displayed parallelism versus assay standards. Intra-assay %CV was 8.54%, and average recovery of spiked samples was 102%. Also, tissue cortisol levels quantified using this method increase 30 min after handling stress and are significantly correlated with blood values. We conclude that this modified cortisol extraction procedure provides an excellent alternative to plasma and whole-body extraction procedures for intermediately sized fish, and will facilitate the efficient assessment of cortisol in a variety of situations ranging from basic laboratory research to industrial and field-based environmental health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W Guest
- Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, USA.
| | - Reginald B Blaylock
- Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, USA.
| | - Andrew N Evans
- Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, USA.
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Wang Z, Zhang W, Jia S, Tian Y, Wang G, Li H. Finding Blue Tracks in Gephyrocharax melanocheir Fish Similar to the Locations of Acupuncture Meridians after Injecting Alcian Blue. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2016; 8:307-13. [PMID: 26742915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether a meridian-like distribution of Alcian blue (AB) existed after it was injected into a fish's body and suggested a new animal model for meridian study. Twenty Gephyrocharax melanocheir fish with translucent bodies were injected with AB at a point near the spinal column or the dorsal fin. Distribution of AB was observed using a digital camera and a stereomicroscope. Three or more obvious blue tracks were found: one along the spinal column, another along the posterior margin of the abdomen extending to the superior margin of the anal fin, and a third along both sides of the dorsal fin. They were similar to the locations of the governor, conceptual vessel, and urinary bladder meridians, respectively, on the human body according to the classic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. A few other blue tracks were also found, which apparently did not correspond to any known meridians. The results show that the tracks of AB share important similarities with the locations of classically described meridians and that they are mainly distributed in the interstitial space around bones and blood vessels and inside muscular interstices. This study may provide a new experimental animal model for exploring acupuncture meridians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuyong Jia
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Acosta-Pachón TA, Ortega-García S, Graham B. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of dorsal spine age rings indicate temporal variation in the diet of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) in waters around Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015; 29:1676-1686. [PMID: 26467119 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Billfishes, such as marlin, are top pelagic predators that play an important role in maintaining the stability of marine food webs. Notwithstanding the importance of these species, there remain gaps in our knowledge on their movements, foraging, and trophic status in the early stage of life. METHODS We measured the δ(13)C and δ(15)N values in each annual growth band deposited in the dorsal spine from striped marlin caught off Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, to produce retrospective isotopic profiles that would enable us to detect any significant isotopic changes across development. The samples were analyzed using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. RESULTS There was no relationship between the size of striped marlin and the δ(15) N values. Differences in δ(15)N mean values across different age classes were not significant and the variation in δ(15)N values through the marlins' life cycle was less than 2‰. However, the mean δ(15)N values between individuals varied by up to 6‰. The δ(13)C values increased as a function of age, and the mean δ(13)C values varied significantly between age classes. CONCLUSIONS Fin spines can be used to construct retrospective isotopic histories for the investigation of trophic dynamics and migratory histories in billfishes, for which population dynamics are often poorly known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Acosta-Pachón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CICIMAR, Departamento de pesquerías y biología marina, Avenida IPN s/n. La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Sofia Ortega-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CICIMAR, Departamento de pesquerías y biología marina, Avenida IPN s/n. La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Brittany Graham
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric (NIWA) Research Ltd., Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
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Kingston ACN, Wardill TJ, Hanlon RT, Cronin TW. An Unexpected Diversity of Photoreceptor Classes in the Longfin Squid, Doryteuthis pealeii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135381. [PMID: 26351853 PMCID: PMC4564192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods are famous for their ability to change color and pattern rapidly for signaling and camouflage. They have keen eyes and remarkable vision, made possible by photoreceptors in their retinas. External to the eyes, photoreceptors also exist in parolfactory vesicles and some light organs, where they function using a rhodopsin protein that is identical to that expressed in the retina. Furthermore, dermal chromatophore organs contain rhodopsin and other components of phototransduction (including retinochrome, a photoisomerase first found in the retina), suggesting that they are photoreceptive. In this study, we used a modified whole-mount immunohistochemical technique to explore rhodopsin and retinochrome expression in a number of tissues and organs in the longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii. We found that fin central muscles, hair cells (epithelial primary sensory neurons), arm axial ganglia, and sucker peduncle nerves all express rhodopsin and retinochrome proteins. Our findings indicate that these animals possess an unexpected diversity of extraocular photoreceptors and suggest that extraocular photoreception using visual opsins and visual phototransduction machinery is far more widespread throughout cephalopod tissues than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. N. Kingston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Trevor J. Wardill
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Roger T. Hanlon
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States of America
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18
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Higashi K, Takeuchi Y, Mukuno A, Tomitori H, Miya M, Linhardt RJ, Toida T. Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120860. [PMID: 25803296 PMCID: PMC4372294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. CS was only found from Chimaera phantasma, Dalatias licha, and Odontaspis ferox, respectively. Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS were comprised of C- and D-type units. Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of this CS/DS consisted of E-, B- and D-type units. Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ann Mukuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tomitori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masaki Miya
- Natural History Museum and Institute, 955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gilbert JM, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Butcher PA, McGrath SP, Peddemors VM, Bowling AC, Christidis L. Metal and metalloid concentrations in the tissues of dusky Carcharhinus obscurus, sandbar C. plumbeus and white Carcharodon carcharias sharks from south-eastern Australian waters, and the implications for human consumption. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 92:186-194. [PMID: 25656241 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Shark fisheries have expanded due to increased demand for shark products. As long-lived apex predators, sharks are susceptible to bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids, and biomagnification of some such as Hg, primarily through diet. This may have negative health implications for human consumers. Concentrations of Hg, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Se and Zn were analysed in muscle, liver and fin fibres (ceratotrichia) from dusky Carcharhinus obscurus, sandbar Carcharhinus plumbeus, and white Carcharodon carcharias sharks from south-eastern Australian waters. Concentrations of analytes were generally higher in liver than in muscle and lowest in fin fibres. Muscle tissue concentrations of Hg were significantly correlated with total length, and >50% of sampled individuals had concentrations above Food Standards Australia New Zealand's maximum limit (1 mg kg(-1) ww). Arsenic concentrations were also of concern, particularly in fins. Results warrant further investigation to accurately assess health risks for regular consumption of shark products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann M Gilbert
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia; Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Amanda J Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia.
| | - Paul A Butcher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia; Fisheries NSW, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Shane P McGrath
- Fisheries NSW, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Victor M Peddemors
- Fisheries NSW, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Alison C Bowling
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour 2450, Australia
| | - Les Christidis
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
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Han WQ, Luo HY, Xian YP, Luo DH, Mu TN, Guo XD. [Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of dried shark fin products]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2015; 35:379-383. [PMID: 25970896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-four pieces of shark fin dried products (including real, fake and artificial shark fin products) and real products coated with gelatin were rapidly and nondestructively analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The characteristic of IR spectrograms among the above four kinds of samples were systematically studied and comparied, the results showed that the spectrograms of the same kind of samples were repeatable, and different kinds of shark fin products presented significant differences in the spectrograms, which mainly manifested as the specific absorption peaks of amido bonds in protein (1650, 1544 cm(-1)) and skeletal vibration in polysaccharide (1050 cm(-1)). The spectrograms of real shark fins were characterized by the strong absorption peaks of protein characteristic amide I and II absorbent (1650, 1544 cm(-1)) and relatively weak C--O--C vibration absorbent (1050 cm(-1)) owing to the high content of protein and relatively low level of polysaccharide. For fake shark fin products that were molded form by mixing together with the offcut of shark, collagen and other substances, the introduction of non-protein materials leaded to the weaker amido bonds absorbent than real products along with a 30 cm(-1) blue shift of amide I absorbent. Opposite to the real sample, the relatively strong absorption peak of polysaccharide (approximately 1047 cm(-1)) and barely existed amide absorbent were the key features of the spectrogram of artificial samples, which was synthersized by polysaccharide like sodium alginate. Real samples coated with gelatin, the peak strength of protein and polysaccharide were decreased simultaneously when the data collection was taken at the surface of sample, while the spectrogram presented no significant difference to real samples when the data was collected in the section. The results above indicated that by analyzing the characteristic of IR spectrograms and the value range of Apro/Apol collected by ATR-FTIR method could perform the undamaged and rapid identification for shark fins.
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Nalluri D, Baumann Z, Abercrombie DL, Chapman DD, Hammerschmidt CR, Fisher NS. Methylmercury in dried shark fins and shark fin soup from American restaurants. Sci Total Environ 2014; 496:644-648. [PMID: 24835340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of meat from large predatory sharks exposes human consumers to high levels of toxic monomethylmercury (MMHg). There also have been claims that shark fins, and hence the Asian delicacy shark fin soup, contain harmful levels of neurotoxic chemicals in combination with MMHg, although concentrations of MMHg in shark fins are unknown. We measured MMHg in dried, unprocessed fins (n=50) of 13 shark species that occur in the international trade of dried shark fins as well as 50 samples of shark fin soup prepared by restaurants from around the United States. Concentrations of MMHg in fins ranged from 9 to 1720 ng/g dry wt. MMHg in shark fin soup ranged from <0.01 to 34 ng/mL, with MMHg averaging 62 ± 7% of total Hg. The highest concentrations of MMHg and total Hg were observed in both fins and soup from large, high trophic level sharks such as hammerheads (Sphyrna spp.). Consumption of a 240 mL bowl of shark fin soup containing the average concentration of MMHg (4.6 ng/mL) would result in a dose of 1.1 μg MMHg, which is 16% of the U.S. EPA's reference dose (0.1 μg MMHg per 1 kg per day in adults) of 7.4 μg per day for a 74 kg person. If consumed, the soup containing the highest measured MMHg concentration would exceed the reference dose by 17%. While shark fin soup represents a potentially important source of MMHg to human consumers, other seafood products, particularly the flesh of apex marine predators, contain much higher MMHg concentrations and can result in substantially greater exposures of this contaminant for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Nalluri
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Zofia Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Debra L Abercrombie
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States
| | - Demian D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States
| | - Chad R Hammerschmidt
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Nicholas S Fisher
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340, United States
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Murota I, Taguchi S, Sato N, Park EY, Nakamura Y, Sato K. Identification of antihyperuricemic peptides in the proteolytic digest of shark cartilage water extract using in vivo activity-guided fractionation. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:2392-2397. [PMID: 24588444 DOI: 10.1021/jf405504u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A peptide that exerts antihyperuricemic activity after oral administration was identified from a microbial protease (alcalase) digest of the water extract of shark cartilage by in vivo activity-guided fractionation, using oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Water extract of shark cartilage was first fractionated by preparative ampholine-free isoelectric focusing, followed by preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The antihyperuricemic activity of the alcalse digests of the obtained fractions was evaluated using an animal model. Alcalase digests of the basic and hydrophobic fractions exerted antihyperuricemic activity. A total of 18 peptides were identified in the alcalase digest of the final active fraction. These peptides were chemically synthesized and evaluated for antihyperuricemic activity. Tyr-Leu-Asp-Asn-Tyr and Ser-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Trp-Pro-Tyr lowered the serum uric acid level via intravenous injection at 5 mg/kg of body weight. Furthermore, orally administered Tyr-Leu-Asp-Asn-Tyr showed antihyperuricemic activity. Therefore, these peptides are at least partially responsible for the antihyperuricemic activity of the alcalase digest of shark cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Murota
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Holdings, Incorporated 16-2 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4295, Japan
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Graham CT, Harrison SSC, Harrod C. Development of non-lethal sampling of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in salmonids: effects of lipid and inorganic components of fins. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2013; 49:555-566. [PMID: 23937861 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2013.808635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The preferred tissue for analyses of fish stable isotope ratios for most researchers is muscle, the sampling of which typically requires the specimen to be sacrificed. The use of non-destructive methods in fish isotopic research has been increasing recently, but as yet is not a standard procedure. Previous studies have reported varying levels of success regarding the utility of non-lethally obtained stable isotope materials, e.g. fins, but none have accounted for the potential compounding effects of inorganic components of fin rays or lipids. Comparisons of carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) stable isotope ratios of muscle with adipose and caudal fin of two salmonids, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), revealed that caudal fin can be used as a non-destructive surrogate for muscle in stable isotope analysis, but that adipose fin, where available, is a better proxy. The use of a published model to inexpensively counteract the confounding effect of lipids, which are depleted in (13)C, greatly improved the relationship between fish muscle and fins. However, efforts to account for the inorganic components of fin rays were counterproductive and required twice the biomass of fins clipped from each fish. As this experiment was conducted on wild fish, controlled laboratory studies are required to confirm these field observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor T Graham
- a Enterprise Centre, School of Biological , Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork , North Mall , Cork , Ireland
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Hette Tronquart N, Mazeas L, Reuilly-Manenti L, Zahm A, Belliard J. Fish fins as non-lethal surrogates for muscle tissues in freshwater food web studies using stable isotopes. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:1603-1608. [PMID: 22693116 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dorsal white muscle is the standard tissue analysed in fish trophic studies using stable isotope analyses. However, sampling white muscle often implies the sacrifice of fish. Thus, we examined whether the non-lethal sampling of fin tissue can substitute muscle sampling in food web studies. METHODS Analysing muscle and fin δ(15)N and δ(13)C values of 466 European freshwater fish (14 species) with an elemental analyser coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, we compared the isotope values of the two tissues. Correlations between fin and muscle isotope ratios were examined for all fish together and specifically for 12 species. We further proposed four methods of assessing muscle from fin isotope ratios and estimated the errors made using these muscle surrogates. RESULTS Despite significant differences between isotope values of the two tissues, fin and muscle isotopic signals are strongly correlated. Muscle values, estimated with raw fin isotope ratios (1st method), induce an error of ca. 1‰ for both isotopes. In comparison, specific (2nd method) or general (3rd method) correlations provide meaningful corrections of fin isotope ratios (errors <0.6‰). On the other hand, relationships, established for Australian tropical fish, only give poor muscle estimates (errors >0.8‰). CONCLUSIONS There is little chance that a global model can be created. However, the 2nd and 3rd methods of estimating muscle values from fin isotope ratios should provide an acceptable level of error for the studies of European freshwater food web. We thus recommend that future studies use fin tissue as a non-lethal surrogate for muscle.
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Mondo K, Hammerschlag N, Basile M, Pablo J, Banack SA, Mash DC. Cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in shark fins. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:509-520. [PMID: 22412816 PMCID: PMC3297012 DOI: 10.3390/md10020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharks are among the most threatened groups of marine species. Populations are declining globally to support the growing demand for shark fin soup. Sharks are known to bioaccumulate toxins that may pose health risks to consumers of shark products. The feeding habits of sharks are varied, including fish, mammals, crustaceans and plankton. The cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been detected in species of free-living marine cyanobacteria and may bioaccumulate in the marine food web. In this study, we sampled fin clips from seven different species of sharks in South Florida to survey the occurrence of BMAA using HPLC-FD and Triple Quadrupole LC/MS/MS methods. BMAA was detected in the fins of all species examined with concentrations ranging from 144 to 1836 ng/mg wet weight. Since BMAA has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, these results may have important relevance to human health. We suggest that consumption of shark fins may increase the risk for human exposure to the cyanobacterial neurotoxin BMAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyo Mondo
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (K.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and Policy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA;
- Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
- RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Margaret Basile
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (K.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - John Pablo
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (K.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Sandra A. Banack
- Institute for Ethnomedicine, Box 3464, Jackson Hole, WY 83001, USA;
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (K.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-305-243-5888; Fax: +1-305-243-3649
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Gerhart SV, Eble DM, Burger RM, Oline SN, Vacaru A, Sadler KC, Jefferis R, Iovine MK. The Cx43-like connexin protein Cx40.8 is differentially localized during fin ontogeny and fin regeneration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31364. [PMID: 22347467 PMCID: PMC3275562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) are the subunits of gap junctions, membraneous protein channels that permit the exchange of small molecules between adjacent cells. Cx43 is required for cell proliferation in the zebrafish caudal fin. Previously, we found that a Cx43-like connexin, cx40.8, is co-expressed with cx43 in the population of proliferating cells during fin regeneration. Here we demonstrate that Cx40.8 exhibits novel differential subcellular localization in vivo, depending on the growth status of the fin. During fin ontogeny, Cx40.8 is found at the plasma membrane, but Cx40.8 is retained in the Golgi apparatus during regeneration. We next identified a 30 amino acid domain of Cx40.8 responsible for its dynamic localization. One possible explanation for the differential localization is that Cx40.8 contributes to the regulation of Cx43 in vivo, perhaps modifying channel activity during ontogenetic growth. However, we find that the voltage-gating properties of Cx40.8 are similar to Cx43. Together our findings reveal that Cx40.8 exhibits differential subcellular localization in vivo, dependent on a discrete domain in its carboxy terminus. We suggest that the dynamic localization of Cx40.8 differentially influences Cx43-dependent cell proliferation during ontogeny and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Gerhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Eble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. Michael Burger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stefan N. Oline
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ana Vacaru
- Department of Medicine-Division of Liver Disease, Department of Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kirsten C. Sadler
- Department of Medicine-Division of Liver Disease, Department of Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Jefferis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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