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Quirós I, Martín M, Gomez-Mendoza M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Liras M, Fernández I, Nóvoa L, Tortosa M. Isonitriles as Alkyl Radical Precursors in Visible Light Mediated Hydro- and Deuterodeamination Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317683. [PMID: 38150265 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of isonitriles as alkyl radical precursors in light-mediated hydro- and deuterodeamination reactions. The reaction is scalable, shows broad functional group compatibility and potential to be used in late-stage functionalization. Importantly, the method is general for Cα -primary, Cα -secondary and Cα -tertiary alkyl isonitriles. For most examples, high yields were obtained through direct visible-light irradiation of the isonitrile in the presence of a silyl radical precursor. Interestingly, in the presence of an organic photocatalyst (4CzIPN) a dramatic acceleration was observed. In-depth mechanistic studies using UV/Vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopy suggest that the excited state of 4CzIPN can engage in a single-electron transfer with the isonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Quirós
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gomez-Mendoza
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Liras
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Luis Nóvoa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
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2
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Fokt I, Cybulski M, Skora S, Pająk B, Ziemniak M, Woźniak K, Zielinski R, Priebe W. d-Glucose- and d-mannose-based antimetabolites. Part 4: Facile synthesis of mono- and di-acetates of 2-deoxy-d-glucose prodrugs as potentially useful antimetabolites. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108861. [PMID: 37356236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), a compound known to interfere with d-glucose and d-mannose metabolism, has been tested as a potential anticancer and antiviral agent. Preclinical and clinical studies focused on 2-DG have highlighted several limitations related to 2-DG drug-like properties, such as poor pharmacokinetic properties. To overcome this problem, we proposed design and synthesis of novel 2-DG prodrugs that subsequently could be tested using a variety of biochemical and molecular methods. We narrowed here our focus to esters of 2-DG as potential prodrugs based on the hypothesis that ubiquitous esterases will regenerate 2-DG, leading to increased circulation time of drug and adequate organ and tumor penetration. Testing this hypothesis in vitro and, especially, in vivo requires significant amounts of respective pure mono- and previously unknown di-acetylated water-soluble derivatives of 2-DG. Development of their efficient and practical method of synthesis was imperative. We describe novel facile and scalable syntheses of seven selectively acetylated water-soluble derivatives of 2-DG and present a detailed 1H and 13C NMR analysis of all final products. X-ray diffraction analysis has been performed for compound WP1122 that was selected for detailed preclinical and subsequent clinical evaluation as potential anticancer or antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fokt
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marcin Cybulski
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Lukasiewicz-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Skora
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beata Pająk
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziemniak
- Department of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Zielinski
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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3
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Singh R, Gupta V, Kumar A, Singh K. 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: A Novel Pharmacological Agent for Killing Hypoxic Tumor Cells, Oxygen Dependence-Lowering in Covid-19, and Other Pharmacological Activities. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:9993386. [PMID: 36911357 PMCID: PMC9998157 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9993386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has shown promising pharmacological activities, including inhibition of cancerous cell growth and N-glycosylation. It has been used as a glycolysis inhibitor and as a potential energy restriction mimetic agent, inhibiting pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Radioisotope derivatives of 2-DG have applications as tracers. Recently, 2-DG has been used as an anti-COVID-19 drug to lower the need for supplemental oxygen. In the present review, various pharmaceutical properties of 2-DG are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Singh
- Division Chemistry & Toxicology, WTL-Clean and Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Vidushi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Antresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, MP 474005, India
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4
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Carder HM, Wang Y, Wendlandt AE. Selective Axial-to-Equatorial Epimerization of Carbohydrates. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11870-11877. [PMID: 35731921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Radical-mediated transformations have emerged as powerful methods for the synthesis of rare and unnatural branched, deoxygenated, and isomeric sugars. Here, we describe a radical-mediated axial-to-equatorial alcohol epimerization method to transform abundant glycans into rare isomers. The method delivers highly predictable and selective reaction outcomes that are complementary to other sugar isomerization methods. The synthetic utility of isomer interconversion is showcased through expedient glycan synthesis, including one-step glycodiversification. Mechanistic studies reveal that both site- and diastereoselectivities are achieved by highly selective H atom abstraction of equatorially disposed α-hydroxy C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden M Carder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alison E Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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C1 Oxidation/C2 Reduction Isomerization of Unprotected Aldoses Induced by Light/Ketone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2755-2759. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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6
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Masuda Y, Tsuda H, Murakami M. C1 Oxidation/C2 Reduction Isomerization of Unprotected Aldoses Induced by Light/Ketone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryKyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiromu Tsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryKyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryKyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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7
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Borowski D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Ziegler T. Synthetic Adventures with 2- C
-Branched Carbohydrates: 4- C
-Formyl Branched Octoses with Structural Analogy to Bradyrhizose. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
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8
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Borowski D, Oechsner RM, Jürgens E, Ziegler T. Carbohydrate-Derived 3,2-Enolones in the Base-Catalyzed Rearrangement to Highly Functionalized C
4-Quaternary 4-Hydroxy-2-cyclopentenones. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Regina M. Oechsner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Eva Jürgens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
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9
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10
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2-C-Alkynyl and 2-C-cis-Alkenyl β-Mannosides with Acetal Protected γ-Aldehyde Functionality via 2-Uloside Alkynylation and Lindlar Hydrogenation. MOLBANK 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/m916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Schönemann W, Kleeb S, Dätwyler P, Schwardt O, Ernst B. Prodruggability of carbohydrates — oral FimH antagonists. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial lectin FimH is a promising therapeutic target for the nonantibiotic prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. In this communication, an ester prodrug approach is described to achieve oral bioavailability for FimH antagonists. By introducing short-chain acyl promoieties at the C-6 position of a biphenyl α-d-mannopyranoside, prodrugs with an excellent absorption potential were obtained. The human carboxylesterase 2 was identified as a main enzyme mediating rapid bioconversion to the active principle. Despite their propensity to hydrolysis within the enterocytes during absorption, these ester prodrugs present a considerable progress in the development of orally available FimH antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Schönemann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kleeb
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Dätwyler
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Borowski D, Zweiböhmer T, Ziegler T. 1,2-Annulated Sugars: Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated 2,10-Dioxadecalins with β-mannoConfiguration. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Tobias Zweiböhmer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
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13
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Jäger M, Minnaard AJ. Regioselective modification of unprotected glycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:656-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective modification of unprotected glycosides represents shortcuts in carbohydrate chemistry and enables efficient routes to complex derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jäger
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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14
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Soluch M, Grzeszczyk B, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Chmielewski M, Furman B. Synthesis of Thienamycin methyl ester from 2-deoxy-d-ribose via Kinugasa reaction. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 69:164-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Sun P, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang C, Liu S, Lu J, Li M. Construction of β-Mannosidic Bonds via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylations with Mannopyranosyl ortho-Hexynylbenzoates and Its Application in Synthesis of Acremomannolipin A. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4164-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shaojing Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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16
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An enzymatic platform for the synthesis of isoprenoid precursors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105594. [PMID: 25153179 PMCID: PMC4143292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoprenoid family of compounds is estimated to contain ∼65,000 unique structures including medicines, fragrances, and biofuels. Due to their structural complexity, many isoprenoids can only be obtained by extraction from natural sources, an inherently risky and costly process. Consequently, the biotechnology industry is attempting to genetically engineer microorganisms that can produce isoprenoid-based drugs and fuels on a commercial scale. Isoprenoid backbones are constructed from two, five-carbon building blocks, isopentenyl 5-pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl 5-pyrophosphate, which are end-products of either the mevalonate or non-mevalonate pathways. By linking the HMG-CoA reductase pathway (which produces mevalonate) to the mevalonate pathway, these building block can be synthesized enzymatically from acetate, ATP, NAD(P)H and CoA. Here, the enzymes in these pathways are used to produce pathway intermediates and end-products in single-pot reactions and in remarkably high yield, ∼85%. A strategy for the regio-specific incorporation of isotopes into isoprenoid backbones is developed and used to synthesize a series of isotopomers of diphosphomevalonate, the immediate end-product of the mevalonate pathway. The enzymatic system is shown to be robust and capable of producing quantities of product in aqueous solutions that meet or exceed the highest levels achieved using genetically engineered organisms in high-density fermentation.
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