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Kocięcka J, Liberacki D. The Potential of Using Chitosan on Cereal Crops in the Face of Climate Change. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061160. [PMID: 34200489 PMCID: PMC8229082 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the main findings from measurements carried out on cereals using chitosan, its derivatives, and nanoparticles. Research into the use of chitosan in agriculture is growing in popularity. Since 2000, 188 original scientific articles indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases have been published on this topic. These have focused mainly on wheat (34.3%), maize (26.3%), and rice (24.2%). It was shown that research on other cereals such as millets and sorghum is scarce and should be expanded to better understand the impact of chitosan use. This review demonstrates that this chitosan is highly effective against the most dangerous diseases and pathogens for cereals. Furthermore, it also contributes to improving yield and chlorophyll content, as well as some plant growth parameters. Additionally, it induces excellent resistance to drought, salt, and low temperature stress and reduces their negative impact on cereals. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the full field efficacy of chitosan.
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Ahmed T, Noman M, Luo J, Muhammad S, Shahid M, Ali MA, Zhang M, Li B. Bioengineered chitosan-magnesium nanocomposite: A novel agricultural antimicrobial agent against Acidovorax oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani for sustainable rice production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:834-845. [PMID: 33242551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a potent biopolymer having promising antimicrobial properties against phytopathogens. Recently, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have gained much attention due to their potential application in the plant disease management. In this study, we reported the green synthesis of chitosan-magnesium (CS-Mg) nanocomposite and its antimicrobial activity against two rice pathogens namely Acidovorax oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani for the first time. The green MgO nanoparticles synthesized by using a native Bacillus sp. strain RNT3, were used to fabricate CS-Mg nanocomposite utilizing one-pot synthesis method. The synthesis of CS-Mg nanocomposite was further confirmed by using UV-vis spectroscopy, whereas, FTIR and XRD analysis showed the capping of CS-Mg nanocomposites by different functional groups together with their crystalline structure, respectively. Besides, SEM and TEM images revealed the spherical shape along with the particles size ranging from 29 to 60 nm. Moreover, EDS analysis confirmed the elemental purity of nanocomposite. The CS-Mg nanocomposite showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against A. oryzae and R. solani and significantly inhibited the growth as compared to non-treated control. The ultrastructure studies showed damaged structure of cell wall and internal cellular organelles after treatment with 100 μg mL-1 CS-Mg nanocomposite. The results of this study indicated that CS-Mg nanocomposite-based antimicrobial agents could be considered as promising nanopesticides against phytopathogens in plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Luo
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Shanghai Extension and Service Center of Agriculture Technology, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Sher Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Md Arshad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Muchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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Gomes LP, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Coelho AV, Paschoalin VMF. Proteomic Analyses Reveal New Insights on the Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Chitosan Biopolymers and Their Nanosized Particles against Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010225. [PMID: 31905672 PMCID: PMC6981525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known antimicrobial effects of chitosan (CS) polymers make them a promising adjuvant in enhancing antibiotic effectiveness against human pathogens. However, molecular CS antimicrobial mechanisms remain unclear, despite the insights presented in the literature. Thus, the aim of the present study was to depict the molecular effects implicated in the interaction of low or medium molecular mass CS polymers and their nanoparticle-counterparts against Escherichia coli. The differential E. coli proteomes sensitized to either CS polymers or nanoparticles were investigated by nano liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (micro-LC-MS/MS). A total of 127 proteins differentially expressed in CS-sensitized bacteria were predominantly involved in (i) structural functions associated to the stability of outer membrane, (ii) increment of protein biosynthesis due to high abundance of ribosomal proteins and (iii) activation of biosynthesis of amino acid and purine metabolism pathways. Antibacterial activity of CS polymers/nanoparticles seems to be triggered by the outer bacterial membrane disassembly, leading to increased protein biosynthesis by diverting the metabolic flux to amino acid and purine nucleotides supply. Understanding CS-antibacterial molecular effects can be valuable to optimize the use of CS-based nanomaterials in food decontamination, and may represent a breakthrough on CS nanocapsules-drug delivery devices for novel antibiotics, as the chitosan-disassembly of bacteria cell membranes can potentialize antibiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laidson P. Gomes
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro 21949-909, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (V.M.F.P.); Tel.: +55-21-39387362 (L.P.G. & V.M.F.P.)
| | - Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.I.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.I.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Ana V. Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Vania M. F. Paschoalin
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro 21949-909, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (V.M.F.P.); Tel.: +55-21-39387362 (L.P.G. & V.M.F.P.)
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Synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of a novel Schiff base on methyl acrylate-functionalized chitosan bearing p-nitrobenzaldehyde groups. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:833-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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IcmF and DotU are required for the virulence of Acidovorax oryzae strain RS-1. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:897-910. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Masum MMI, Yang Y, Li B, Olaitan OS, Chen J, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Qiu W, Wang Y, Sun G. Role of the Genes of Type VI Secretion System in Virulence of Rice Bacterial Brown Stripe Pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae Strain RS-2. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102024. [PMID: 28934168 PMCID: PMC5666706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a class of macromolecular machine that is required for the virulence of gram-negative bacteria. However, it is still not clear what the role of T6SS in the virulence of rice bacterial brown stripe pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) is. The aim of the current study was to investigate the contribution of T6SS in Aaa strain RS2 virulence using insertional deletion mutation and complementation approaches. This strain produced weak virulence but contains a complete T6SS gene cluster based on a genome-wide analysis. Here we compared the virulence-related phenotypes between the wild-type (RS-2) and 25 T6SS mutants, which were constructed using homologous recombination methods. The mutation of 15 T6SS genes significantly reduced bacterial virulence and the secretion of Hcp protein. Additionally, the complemented 7 mutations ΔpppA, ΔclpB, Δhcp, ΔdotU, ΔicmF, ΔimpJ, and ΔimpM caused similar virulence characteristics as RS-2. Moreover, the mutant ΔpppA, ΔclpB, ΔicmF, ΔimpJ and ΔimpM genes caused by a 38.3~56.4% reduction in biofilm formation while the mutants ΔpppA, ΔclpB, ΔicmF and Δhcp resulted in a 37.5~44.6% reduction in motility. All together, these results demonstrate that T6SS play vital roles in the virulence of strain RS-2, which may be partially attributed to the reductions in Hcp secretion, biofilm formation and motility. However, differences in virulence between strain RS-1 and RS-2 suggest that other factors may also be involved in the virulence of Aaa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahidul Islam Masum
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Yingzi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ogunyemi Solabomi Olaitan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yushi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Dong Q, Luo J, Qiu W, Cai L, Anjum SI, Li B, Hou M, Xie G, Sun G. Inhibitory Effect of Camptothecin against Rice Bacterial Brown Stripe Pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae RS-2. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080978. [PMID: 27472315 PMCID: PMC6274382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) has anticancer, antiviral, and antifungal properties. However, there is a dearth of information about antibacterial activity of CPT. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of CPT on Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-2, the pathogen of rice bacterial brown stripe, by measuring cell growth, DNA damage, cell membrane integrity, the expression of secretion systems, and topoisomerase-related genes, as well as the secretion of effector protein Hcp. Results indicated that CPT solutions at 0.05, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/mL inhibited the growth of strain RS-2 in vitro, while the inhibitory efficiency increased with an increase in CPT concentration, pH, and incubation time. Furthermore, CPT treatment affected bacterial growth and replication by causing membrane damage, which was evidenced by transmission electron microscopic observation and live/dead cell staining. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that CPT treatment caused differential expression of eight secretion system-related genes and one topoisomerase-related gene, while the up-regulated expression of hcp could be justified by the increased secretion of Hcp based on the ELISA test. Overall, this study indicated that CPT has the potential to control the bacterial brown stripe pathogen of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Dong
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Wen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Li Cai
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Syed Ishtiaq Anjum
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
- Department of Zoology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Mingsheng Hou
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guanlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Li B, Ge M, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ibrahim M, Wang Y, Sun G, Chen G. New insights into virulence mechanisms of rice pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1 following exposure to ß-lactam antibiotics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22241. [PMID: 26915352 PMCID: PMC4768089 DOI: 10.1038/srep22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that pathogen virulence can be altered by exposure to antibiotics, even when the growth rate is unaffected. Investigating this phenomenon provides new insights into understanding the virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens. This study investigates the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of the rice pathogenic bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) strain RS-1 to ß-lactam antibiotics especially Ampicillin (Amp). Our results indicate that exposure to Amp does not influence bacterial growth and biofilm formation, but alters the virulence, colonization capacity, composition of extracellular polymeric substances and secretion of Type VI secretion system (T6SS) effector Hcp. This attenuation in virulence is linked to unique or differential expression of known virulence-associated genes based on genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. The reliability of expression data generated by RNA-Seq was verified with quantitative real-time PCR of 21 selected T6SS genes, where significant down-regulation in expression of hcp gene, corresponding to the reduction in secretion of Hcp, was observed under exposure to Amp. Hcp is highlighted as a potential target for Amp, with similar changes observed in virulence-associated phenotypes between exposure to Amp and mutation of hcp gene. In addition, Hcp secretion is reduced in knockout mutants of 4 differentially expressed T6SS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information technology Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Li B, Wang L, Ibrahim M, Ge M, Wang Y, Mannan S, Asif M, Sun G. Membrane protein profiling of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae under various growth conditions. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:673-82. [PMID: 25763989 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) of plant pathogenic bacteria have been reported to be able to regulate many essential cellular processes associated with plant disease. The aim of the current study was to examine and compare the expression of MPs of the rice bacterial pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1 under Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, M9 medium, in vivo rice plant conditions and leaf extract (LE) medium mimicking in vivo plant condition. Proteomic analysis identified 95, 72, 75, and 87 MPs under LB, in vivo, M9 and LE conditions, respectively. Among them, six proteins were shared under all tested growth conditions designated as abundant class of proteins. Twenty-six and 21 proteins were expressed uniquely under in vivo versus LB medium and LE versus M9 medium, respectively, with 17 proteins common among these uniquely induced proteins. Moreover, most of the shared proteins are mainly related to energy metabolism, transport of small molecules, protein synthesis and secretion as well as virulence such as NADH, OmpA, secretion proteins. Therefore, the result of this study not only suggests that it may be an alternate method to analyze the in vivo expression of proteins by using LE medium to mimic plant conditions, but also reveals that the two sets of differentially expressed MPs, in particular the common MPs between them, might be important in energy metabolism, stress response and virulence of A. avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China,
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Li Z, Yang F, Yang R. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan derivatives with dual-antibacterial functional groups. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:378-87. [PMID: 25666853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to discover chitosan derivatives with enhanced antibacterial activity and good water solubility compared with natural chitosan, a novel O-quaternary ammonium N-acyl thiourea chitosan (OQCATUCS) bearing double antibacterial groups with different degrees of substitution has been synthesized. The derivative was characterized by FTIR, (13)C NMR, elemental analysis, XRD, TGA and zeta potential analysis. Water solubility was also investigated. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its derivatives were investigated by assessing the mortality rates of Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The order of antibacterial activities was O-quaternary ammonium N-acyl thiourea chitosan (OQCATUCS)>O-quaternary ammonium chitosan (OQCS)>chitosan (CS). The zeta potential and antibacterial results indicated that the introduced quaternary ammonium and thiourea groups increased the positive charge of chitosan derivative, thereby enhanced its antibacterial activity. The mechanism of chitosan derivatives against E. coli and S. aureus was evaluated via analyzing integrity of cell membranes and transmission electron microscopy data. These results demonstrated that OQCATUCS killed the bacteria via disrupting the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rendang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Pedro HSDS, Francinalva DDM, Martina GDOP, Julio CQ, Rayanne IMDS, Patricia MB, Daniela PDM, Pollianna MA, Ana CDDM. Antimicrobial potential of chitosan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2014.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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