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Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Enterobacter cloacae G3422. Carbohydr Res 2021; 510:108440. [PMID: 34619615 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The O-polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Enterobacter cloacae G3422 and studied by chemical methods, including sugar analyses, Smith degradation, and solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established: The O-antigen gene cluster of Enterobacter cloacae G3422 was sequenced. The gene functions were tentatively assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in a good agreement with the O-antigen structure.
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Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G. Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:655-683. [PMID: 31778182 PMCID: PMC7685785 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and three (O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Axel Furevi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei V Perepelov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hengchun Cao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Quan Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peter R Reeves
- School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience, University of Sydney, 2 Butilin Ave, Darlington NSW 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hou X, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Senchenkova SN, Shashkov AS, Liu B, Knirel YA, Wang L. A gene cluster at an unusual chromosomal location responsible for the novel O-antigen synthesis in Escherichia coli O62 by the ABC transporter-dependent pathway. Glycobiology 2018; 27:669-676. [PMID: 28402541 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-antigen is a part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is related to bacterial virulence. It is one of the most variable cell constituents, and its structural diversity is almost entirely due to genetic variation of the O-antigen gene cluster. In this study, the O-antigen structure of Escherichia coli O62 was elucidated by chemical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but showing not consistent with the O-antigen gene cluster between conserved genes galF and gnd reported earlier. The complete genome of E. coli O62 was then sequenced and analyzed, and another O-antigen gene cluster was found and characterized that correlated perfectly with the established O-antigen structure. A deletion and complementation experiment confirmed the functionality of the novel gene cluster and demonstrated that the O62-antigen is synthesized by the ABC transporter-dependent system. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the O-antigen gene cluster is positioned at a novel locus in E. coli. Comparative analysis indicated that E. coli O62 likely originated from E. coli O68 via an IS event resulting in the repression of the O68-antigen synthesis, followed by the acquisition of a novel O-antigen gene cluster from Enterobacter aerogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hou
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Andrei V Perepelov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospekt 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospekt 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospekt 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospekt 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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Solvolysis with trifluoroacetic acid: an efficient method for selective cleavage of polysaccharides. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wittmann A, Lamprinaki D, Bowles KM, Katzenellenbogen E, Knirel YA, Whitfield C, Nishimura T, Matsumoto N, Yamamoto K, Iwakura Y, Saijo S, Kawasaki N. Dectin-2 Recognizes Mannosylated O-antigens of Human Opportunistic Pathogens and Augments Lipopolysaccharide Activation of Myeloid Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17629-38. [PMID: 27358401 PMCID: PMC5016159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LPS consists of a relatively conserved region of lipid A and core oligosaccharide and a highly variable region of O-antigen polysaccharide. Whereas lipid A is known to bind to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex, the role of the O-antigen remains unclear. Here we report a novel molecular interaction between dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-2 (Dectin-2) and mannosylated O-antigen found in a human opportunistic pathogen, Hafnia alvei PCM 1223, which has a repeating unit of [-Man-α1,3-Man-α1,2-Man-α1,2-Man-α1,2-Man-α1,3-]. H. alvei LPS induced higher levels of TNFα and IL-10 from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs), when compared with Salmonella enterica O66 LPS, which has a repeat of [-Gal-α1,6-Gal-α1,4-[Glc-β1,3]GalNAc-α1,3-GalNAc-β1,3-]. In a cell-based reporter assay, Dectin-2 was shown to recognize H. alvei LPS. This binding was inhibited by mannosidase treatment of H. alvei LPS and by mutations in the carbohydrate-binding domain of Dectin-2, demonstrating that H. alvei LPS is a novel glycan ligand of Dectin-2. The enhanced cytokine production by H. alvei LPS was Dectin-2-dependent, because Dectin-2 knock-out BM-DCs failed to do so. This receptor cross-talk between Dectin-2 and TLR4 involved events including spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activation and receptor juxtaposition. Furthermore, another mannosylated LPS from Escherichia coli O9a also bound to Dectin-2 and augmented TLR4 activation of BM-DCs. Taken together, these data indicate that mannosylated O-antigens from several Gram-negative bacteria augment TLR4 responses through interaction with Dectin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wittmann
- From the Food and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitra Lamprinaki
- From the Food and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian M Bowles
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Katzenellenbogen
- the Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- the N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chris Whitfield
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- the Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan, and
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- the Department of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- From the Food and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom, the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan,
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Perepelov AV, Filatov AV, Wang M, Shashkov AS, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Enterobacter cloacae G3421. Carbohydr Res 2016; 427:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Perepelov AV, Guo X, Filatov AV, Liu B, Knirel YA. Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O43. Carbohydr Res 2015; 416:32-6. [PMID: 26342864 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Escherichia coli O43 was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical methods, including sugar analyses, Smith degradation, and solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: [Formula: see text] Functions of genes in the O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O43 were assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, TEDA, Nankai University, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Andrei V Filatov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, TEDA, Nankai University, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Escherichia coli O-Antigen Gene Clusters of Serogroups O62, O68, O131, O140, O142, and O163: DNA Sequences and Similarity between O62 and O68, and PCR-Based Serogrouping. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2015; 5:51-68. [PMID: 25664526 PMCID: PMC4384082 DOI: 10.3390/bios5010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The DNA sequence of the O-antigen gene clusters of Escherichia coli serogroups O62, O68, O131, O140, O142, and O163 was determined, and primers based on the wzx (O-antigen flippase) and/or wzy (O-antigen polymerase) genes within the O-antigen gene clusters were designed and used in PCR assays to identify each serogroup. Specificity was tested with E. coli reference strains, field isolates belonging to the target serogroups, and non-E. coli bacteria. The PCR assays were highly specific for the respective serogroups; however, the PCR assay targeting the O62 wzx gene reacted positively with strains belonging to E. coli O68, which was determined by serotyping. Analysis of the O-antigen gene cluster sequences of serogroups O62 and O68 reference strains showed that they were 94% identical at the nucleotide level, although O62 contained an insertion sequence (IS) element located between the rmlA and rmlC genes within the O-antigen gene cluster. A PCR assay targeting the rmlA and rmlC genes flanking the IS element was used to differentiate O62 and O68 serogroups. The PCR assays developed in this study can be used for the detection and identification of E. coli O62/O68, O131, O140, O142, and O163 strains isolated from different sources.
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