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Ota T, Saburi W, Komba S, Mori H. Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide derivatives with partial structure of β1-3/1-6 glucan, using monomeric units for the formation of β1-3 and β1-6 glucosidic linkages. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1111-1121. [PMID: 37407435 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
β1-3/1-6 Glucans, known for their diverse structures, comprise a β1-3-linked main chain and β1-6-linked short branches. Laminarin, a β1-3/1-6 glucan extracted from brown seaweed, for instance, includes β1-6 linkages even in the main chain. The diverse structures provide various beneficial functions for the glucan. To investigate the relationship between structure and functionality, and to enable the characterization of β1-3/1-6 glucan-metabolizing enzymes, oligosaccharides containing the exact structures of β1-3/1-6 glucans are required. We synthesized the monomeric units for the synthesis of β1-3/1-6 mixed-linked glucooligosaccharides. 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-d-glucopyranoside served as an acceptor in the formation of β1-3 linkages. Phenyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside and phenyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-di-O-levulinyl-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside acted as donors, synthesizing acceptors suitable for the formation of β1-3- and β1-6-linkages, respectively. These were used to synthesize a derivative of Glcβ1-6Glcβ1-3Glcβ1-3Glc, demonstrating that the proposed route can be applied to synthesize the main chain of β-glucan, with the inclusion of both β1-3 and β1-6 linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ota
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Komba
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Kobayashi K, Nakajima M, Aramasa H, Kimura S, Iwata T, Nakai H, Taguchi H. Large-scale preparation of β-1,2-glucan using quite a small amount of sophorose. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1867-1874. [PMID: 31189457 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1630257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A large amount of β-1,2-glucan was produced enzymatically from quite a small amount of sophorose as an acceptor material through three synthesis steps using a sucrose phosphorylase and a 1,2-β-oligoglucan phosphorylase. The first synthesis step was performed in a 200 μL of a reaction solution containing 5 mM sophorose and 1.0 M sucrose. β-1,2-Glucan in a part of the resultant solution was hydrolyzed to β-1,2-glucooligosaccharides by a β-1,2-glucanase. The second synthesis was performed in 25 times the volume for the first synthesis. The hydrolysate solution (1% volume of the reaction solution) was used as an acceptor. After treatment with the β-1,2-glucanase again, the third synthesis was performed 200 times the volume for the second synthesis (1 L). The reaction yield of β-1,2-glucan at each synthesis was 93%, 76% and 91%. Finally, more than 140 g of β-1,2-glucan was synthesized using approximately 20 μg of sophorose as the starting acceptor material. Abbreviations: DPs: degrees of polymerization; SOGP: 1,2-β-oligoglucan phosphorylase; Sopns: β-1,2-glucooligosaccharides with DP of n; Glc1P: α-glucose 1-phosphate; SucP: sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum; SGL: β-1,2-glucanase; CaSGL: Chy400_4174 protein; TLC: thin layer chromatography; GOPOD: glucose oxidase/peroxidase; PGM: phosphoglucomutase; G6PDH: glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroki Aramasa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Tadahisa Iwata
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Hayao Taguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan
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Tanaka N, Nakajima M, Narukawa-Nara M, Matsunaga H, Kamisuki S, Aramasa H, Takahashi Y, Sugimoto N, Abe K, Terada T, Miyanaga A, Yamashita T, Sugawara F, Kamakura T, Komba S, Nakai H, Taguchi H. Identification, characterization, and structural analyses of a fungal endo-β-1,2-glucanase reveal a new glycoside hydrolase family. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7942-7965. [PMID: 30926603 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
endo-β-1,2-Glucanase (SGL) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes β-1,2-glucans, which play important physiological roles in some bacteria as a cyclic form. To date, no eukaryotic SGL has been identified. We purified an SGL from Talaromyces funiculosus (TfSGL), a soil fungus, to homogeneity and then cloned the complementary DNA encoding the enzyme. TfSGL shows no significant sequence similarity to any known glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, but shows significant similarity to certain eukaryotic proteins with unknown functions. The recombinant TfSGL (TfSGLr) specifically hydrolyzed linear and cyclic β-1,2-glucans to sophorose (Glc-β-1,2-Glc) as a main product. TfSGLr hydrolyzed reducing-end-modified β-1,2-gluco-oligosaccharides to release a sophoroside with the modified moiety. These results indicate that TfSGL is an endo-type enzyme that preferably releases sophorose from the reducing end of substrates. Stereochemical analysis demonstrated that TfSGL is an inverting enzyme. The overall structure of TfSGLr includes an (α/α)6 toroid fold. The substrate-binding mode was revealed by the structure of a Michaelis complex of an inactive TfSGLr mutant with a β-1,2-glucoheptasaccharide. Mutational analysis and action pattern analysis of β-1,2-gluco-oligosaccharide derivatives revealed an unprecedented catalytic mechanism for substrate hydrolysis. Glu-262 (general acid) indirectly protonates the anomeric oxygen at subsite -1 via the 3-hydroxy group of the Glc moiety at subsite +2, and Asp-446 (general base) activates the nucleophilic water via another water. TfSGLr is apparently different from a GH144 SGL in the reaction and substrate recognition mechanism based on structural comparison. Overall, we propose that TfSGL and closely-related enzymes can be classified into a new family, GH162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukiyo Tanaka
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510,
| | - Megumi Narukawa-Nara
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510
| | - Hiroki Matsunaga
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510.,the School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201
| | - Hiroki Aramasa
- the Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- the Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181
| | - Naohisa Sugimoto
- the Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181
| | - Koichi Abe
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510.,the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657
| | - Tohru Terada
- the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657
| | - Akimasa Miyanaga
- the Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551
| | | | - Fumio Sugawara
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510
| | - Shiro Komba
- the Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- the Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181
| | - Hayao Taguchi
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510
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