1
|
Zhang YL, Lin YL, Zhang TY, Lu YS, Zhou XY, Liu Z, Zheng ZX, Xu MY, Xu B. Degradation of odorous 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in chlorinated water by UV-LED/chlorination: kinetics and influence factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44325-44336. [PMID: 36690857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) has aroused a special concern for their odor problem and potential threats. In this study, the degradation of 2,4,6-TCA by UV/chlorination with different UV sources was compared, including low-pressure mercury lamp (LPUV, 254 nm) and ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED, 275 and 285 nm). The maximum removal of 2,4,6-TCA can be achieved by 275-nm UV-LED/chlorination in neutral and alkaline conditions which was 80.0%. The reaction, kinetics, and water matrix parameters on 2,4,6-TCA degradation were also evaluated. During UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorination, 2,4,6-TCA degradation was mainly caused by direct UV photolysis and indirect hydroxyl radical (HO·) oxidation, while reactive chlorine radicals (RCSs) had a negligible contribution. The second-order rate constant between HO· and 2,4,6-TCA was determined as 3.1 × 109 M-1 s-1. Increasing initial chlorine dosage and decreasing 2,4,6-TCA concentration or pH value significantly promoted 2,4,6-TCA degradation during UV/chlorination process. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) can inhibit 2,4,6-TCA degradation, while chloride ion (Cl-) had a negligible effect. The kinetic model for 2,4,6-TCA degradation was established and validated, and the degradation pathways were proposed based on the identified intermediates. Furthermore, UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorination also exhibited a promising effect on 2,4,6-TCA removal in real water, which can be used to control 2,4,6-TCA pollution and odor problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 824, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao J, Luo C, Gan L, Wu D, Tan F, Cheng X, Zhou W, Wang S, Zhang F, Ma J. A comparative study of UV/H 2O 2 and UV/PDS for the degradation of micro-pollutants: kinetics and effect of water matrix. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24531-24541. [PMID: 32306270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic micro-pollutants such as pesticides and endocrine disruptors cause serious harm to human health and aquatic ecosystem. In this study, the potential degradation of atrazine (ATZ), triclosan (TCS), and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) by UV-activated peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) and UV-activated H2O2 (UV/H2O2) processes were evaluated under different conditions. Results showed that UV/PDS process was more effective than UV/H2O2 under the same conditions. Increasing oxidant dosage or decreasing the initial ATZ, TCS, and TCA concentrations promoted the degradation rates of these three compounds. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) could effectively scavenge sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (HO•) and reduced the removal rates of target compounds. Degradation rates of ATZ and TCA decreased with pH increasing from 5.0 to 9.0 in UV/PDS process, while in UV/H2O2 process, the increase of solution pH had little effect on ATZ and TCA degradation. In the UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 oxidation process, when the solution pH increased from 5 to 8, the removal rates of TCS decreased by 19% and 1%, while when the solution pH increased to 9, the degradation rates of TCS increased by 23% and 17%. CO32-/HCO3- had a small inhibitory effect on ATZ and TCA degradation by UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS processes but promoted the degradation of TCS significantly (> 2 mM). Cl- had little effect on the degradation of ATZ, TCA, and TCS in UV/H2O2 process. Cl- significant inhibited on the degradation of ATZ and TCS, but the influence of Cl- on the degradation of TCA was weak in UV/PDS process. Based on these experimental results, the various contributions of those secondary radicals (i.e., carbonate radical, chlorine radical) were discussed. This study can contribute to better understand the reactivities when UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 are applied for the treatment of micro-pollutant-containing waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Congwei Luo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China.
| | - Lu Gan
- Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp., LTD., Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Daoji Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China.
| | - Fengxun Tan
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Cheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Shishun Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Fumiao Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng G, Jia R, Sun S, Wang M, Zhao Q, Xin X, Liu L. Occurrence and removal of 10 odorous compounds in drinking water by different treatment processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18924-18933. [PMID: 32212075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of ten odorous compounds (2-methylisoborneol, trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol, isophorone, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole, 2,3,6-trichloroanisole, 2,3,4-trichloroanisole, β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine, and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine) in raw drinking water, as well as their removal by traditional processes, advanced oxidation processes, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration processes, with the use of an ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap. The most abundant odorous compounds referred to 2-methylisoborneol and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol with maximal concentrations of 1.6 ng/L and 0.09 ng/L after treatment by traditional processes respectively, and their maximal concentration was 2.05 ng/L and lower than the detection limit after treatment by advanced oxidation processes, while the raw drinking water of the mentioned two processes was different. The high concentration of isophorone in water treated by traditional process, advanced oxidation process, and membrane process was also ascertained. On the whole, the removal rate of membrane process is the maximal for all odorous compounds except for 2,3,6-trichloroanisole, followed by the advanced oxidation process as well as the traditional process. Eight odorous compounds identified in raw water were preserved after traditional treatment, while five compounds were preserved after the advanced oxidation treatment. The combined ultrafiltration and nanofiltration with pre-flocculation was more effective than either the advanced oxidation process or the traditional treating process in removing odorous compounds, and over 90% of all the odorous compounds were removed. Further investigation is required to facilitate the removal of odorous compounds from drinking water by the incorporation of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration units based on current drinking water treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixue Feng
- Shandong water and waste water monitoring center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong water and waste water monitoring center, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Shaohua Sun
- Shandong water and waste water monitoring center, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Shandong water and waste water monitoring center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Shandong water and waste water monitoring center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- Shandong water and waste water monitoring center, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong water and waste water monitoring center, Jinan, 250021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou X, Zhang K, Zhang T, Yang Y, Ye M, Pan R. Formation of odorant haloanisoles and variation of microorganisms during microbial O-methylation in annular reactors equipped with different coupon materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:1-11. [PMID: 31078770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odor (T & O) issues in drinking water have become serious problems which cannot be ignored by customers. Several studies have confirmed that microbes in water can biotransform halophenols (HPs) to haloanisoles (HAs) with earthy and musty flavors via microbial O-methylation. In this paper, the formation of 2-chloroanisole (2-CA), 2,4-dichloroanisole (2,4-DCA), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), 2,3,6-trichloroanisole (2,3,6-TCA) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA), and the microbial variation during the microbial O-methylation were investigated in annular reactors (ARs) with three coupon materials. For precursors, 42.5% of 2-CP and 68.9% of 2,4-DCP decayed during the reaction. Among the five HAs, the formation rate constant followed an order of 2,4,6-TCA > 2-CA > 2,4,6-TBA > 2,4-DCA ~ 2,3,6-TCA, while [HA]max followed a totally opposite one. The simulated flow velocity had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on HA formation. Ductile iron (DI) AR could produce more HAs than stainless steel (SS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ARs. The final HA molar concentration followed an order of 2,3,6-TCA > 2,4-DCA > 2,4,6-TBA ~ 2,4,6-TCA > 2-CA, which might be explained by multiple factors including HP's dissociation degree, halogen atom's steric hindrance and specificity of HP O-methyltransferases. During the reaction, the microbial biomass dramatically increased 6.8-9.0 times in bulk water but dropped significantly on coupon biofilms. The effect of HPs significantly changed the bacterial communities on coupon in terms of composition and diversity, and declined the relative abundance of HA-producing bacteria, while fungi and their HA-producing genus showed better resistance ability towards HPs. By using Pearson correlation analysis, a significant correlation (p = 0.0003) was found between [HA]max and initial coupon biofilm biomass. Finally, a linear relationship was established between initial total biomass and HA formation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Pan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang K, Zhou X, Zhang T, Yu L, Qian Z, Liao W, Li C. Degradation of the earthy and musty odorant 2,4,6-tricholoroanisole by persulfate activated with iron of different valences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3435-3445. [PMID: 29152696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) is an odorous compound that is often detected in tap water and is difficult to be removed via water treatment. In this study, the transformation efficiency of TCA in the presence of persulfate (PS) activated by iron (Fe2+, Fe0, and Fe3+) was investigated for the first time. The effects of the activator dosage, oxidant dosage, pH, dosing method, chelating agents, humic acid, and temperature were evaluated. The degradation rate of TCA increased with increasing PS dosages (0.12-0.48 mM) and initial Fe2+ concentrations (0.12-0.96 mM), while it decreased with higher Fe2+ concentrations. Fe2+/PS and Fe0/PS systems achieved their best TCA removal efficiency at pH 7 and 2.5, respectively. According to the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the contribution of SO4-• to TCA degradation was much higher than that of •OH. Gradual addition of Fe2+ improved TCA degradation compared to single addition. Citric acid (CA) promoted TCA degradation under Fe2+/PS at the beginning of the reaction, but inhibited it after 10 min. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) improved the TCA removal rate with an EDTA/Fe2+ molar ratio of 0.5:1, while it decreased it at higher EDTA/Fe2+ molar ratios. Oxalic acid (OA) negatively affected TCA degradation with increasing OA/Fe2+ molar ratios. Among all of the chelating agents, only CA increased TCA degradation by Fe0/PS. Humic acid promoted TCA degradation by Fe2+/PS at the proper dosage (1 mg/L). Under our specific conditions and over the temperature ranging from 10 to 25 °C, no change was observed in the reaction kinetics. It was found that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was the only detected oxidation product. The presence of an Fe2+-Fe3+ redox cycle in iron-activated PS systems was confirmed by TCA degradation under the Fe3+/PS system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Xiamen Urban Water Environmental Eco-Planning and Remediation Engineering Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lang Yu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zheming Qian
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wenchao Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Wang L, Liu C, Ding Y, Zhang S, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Luo S. A bamboo-inspired hierarchical nanoarchitecture of Ag/CuO/TiO(2) nanotube array for highly photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:244-252. [PMID: 27107324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The optimized geometrical configuration of muitiple active materials into hierarchical nanoarchitecture is essential for the creation of photocatalytic degradation system that can mimic natural photosynthesis. A bamboo-like architecture, CuO nanosheets and Ag nanoparticles co-decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays (Ag/CuO/TiO2), was fabricated by using simple solution-immersion and electrodeposition process. Under simulated solar light irradiation, the 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) photocatalytic degradation rate over Ag/CuO/TiO2 was about 2.0, 1.5 and 1.2 times that over TiO2 nanotubes, CuO/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of ternary Ag/CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst was ascribed to improved light absorption, reduced carrier recombination and more exposed active sites. Moreover, the excellent stability and reliability of the Ag/CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst demonstrated a promising application for organic pollutant removal from water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Longlu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yangbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shuqu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yunxiong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yutang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo C, Jiang J, Ma J, Pang S, Liu Y, Song Y, Guan C, Li J, Jin Y, Wu D. Oxidation of the odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV activated persulfate: Kinetics, products, and pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:12-21. [PMID: 27016634 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transformation efficiency and products of an odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) at the wavelength of 254 nm in the presence of persulfate were investigated for the first time. The effects of water matrix (i.e., natural organic matter (NOM), pH, carbonate/bicarbonate (HCO3(-)/CO3(2-)), and chloride ions (Cl(-))) were evaluated. The second order rate constant of TCA reacting with sulfate radical (SO4(-)) was determined to be (3.72 ± 0.10) × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). Increasing dosage of persulfate increased the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant for TCA degradation (kobs), and the contribution of SO4(-) to TCA degradation was much higher than that of HO at each experimental condition. Degradation rate of TCA decreased with pH increasing from 4.0 to 9.0, which could be explained by the lower radical scavenging effect of dihydrogen phosphate than hydrogen phosphate in acidic condition (pH < 6). NOM significantly decreased kobs due to the effects of radical scavenging and UV absorption with the former one being dominant. kobs decreased from 2.32 × 10(-3) s(-1) to 0.92 × 10(-3) s(-1) with the CO3(2-)/HCO3(-) concentration increased from 0.5 mM to 10 mM in the UV/persulfate process, while kobs slightly decreased from 2.54 × 10(-3) s(-1) in the absence of Cl(-) to 2.10 × 10(-3) s(-1) in the presence of 10 mM Cl(-). Most of these kinetic results could be described by a steady-state kinetic model. Furthermore, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry at powerful precursor ion scan approach was used to selectively detect oxidation products of TCA. It was found that 2,4,6-trichorophenol (TCP) was the major oxidation product (i.e., the initial yield of TCP was above 90%). The second order rate constant between TCP and SO4(-) was estimated to be (4.16 ± 0.20) × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). In addition, three products (i.e., 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone and two aromatic ring-opening products) were detected in the reaction of TCP with SO4(-), which also appeared in the oxidation of TCA in the UV/persulfate process. A tentative pathway was proposed, where the initial one-electron oxidation of TCA by SO4(-) and further reactions (e.g., ipso-hydroxylation and aromatic ring-cleavage) of the formed cation intermediate TCA were involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Suyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chaoting Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yixin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Daoji Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250010, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Photoreactor Design Aspects and Modeling of Light. GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-48719-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
9
|
Bonne M, Pronier S, Batonneau Y, Can F, Courtois X, Royer S, Marécot P, Duprez D. Surface properties and thermal stability of SiO2-crystalline TiO2 nano-composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|