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Luo J, Xu S, Xu H, Zhang Z, Chen X, Li M, Tie Y, Zhang H, Chen G, Jiang C. Overview of mechanisms of Fe-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3 at low temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14424-14465. [PMID: 38291211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
With the increasingly stringent control of NOx emissions, NH3-SCR, one of the most effective de-NOx technologies for removing NOx, has been widely employed to eliminate NOx from automobile exhaust and industrial production. Researchers have favored iron-based catalysts for their low cost, high activity, and excellent de-NOx performance. This paper takes a new perspective to review the research progress of iron-based catalysts. The influence of the chemical form of single iron-based catalysts on their performance was investigated. In the section on composite iron-based catalysts, detailed reviews were conducted on the effects of synergistic interactions between iron and other elements on catalytic performance. Regarding loaded iron-based catalysts, the catalytic performance of iron-based catalysts on different carriers was systematically examined. In the section on iron-based catalysts with novel structures, the effects of the morphology and crystallinity of nanomaterials on catalytic performance were analyzed. Additionally, the reaction mechanism and poisoning mechanism of iron-based catalysts were elucidated. In conclusion, the paper delved into the prospects and future directions of iron-based catalysts, aiming to provide ideas for the development of iron-based catalysts with better application prospects. The comprehensive review underscores the significance of iron-based catalysts in the realm of de-NOx technologies, shedding light on their diverse forms and applications. The hope is that this paper will serve as a valuable resource, guiding future endeavors in the development of advanced iron-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Luo
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Song Xu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Hongxiang Xu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Guangxi Automobile Group Co., Ltd, Liuzhou, 545007, China
| | - Mingsen Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Yuanhao Tie
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Haiguo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Institute of the New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
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Wang L, Liu M, Ren S, Li X, Chen Z, Wang M, Chen T, Yang J. Recent advance for NO removal with carbonaceous material for low-temperature NH3-SCR reaction. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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3
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Cao W, Zhang W, Guo Z. Carbon-based zero valent iron catalyst for NO X removal at low temperatures: performance and kinetic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80353-80365. [PMID: 35716304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of nitrous oxide (NOX) removal at low temperatures, the carbon-based zero valent iron (C-ZFe) catalyst was prepared and studied. According to the kinetic study and the obtained kinetic parameters, the De-NOX reactor was designed to provide information for industrial applications. The box-behnken experimental design (BBD) was used to study the performance of C-ZFe, and the optimized operating parameters were obtained as the temperature was 408.15 K, the catalyst bed height was 140 cm (the space velocity was 459 h-1), the concentration of NO was 550 ppm, under which the NOX conversion was 72.7%. A kinetic model based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) and Mars Van Krevelen mechanism was used to describe the kinetics for the reduction of NO by C-ZFe at low temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), surface area and pore size distribution measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results supported the validity of the model proposed. The gas-solid catalytic kinetic process of NO removal by C-ZFe was a quasi-first-order kinetic reaction, the apparent activation energy was 41.57 kJ/mol, and the pre-exponential factor was 2980 min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Cao
- Industrial Furnace Research Institute, College of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Industrial Furnace Research Institute, College of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ziyang Guo
- Industrial Furnace Research Institute, College of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
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4
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Li H, Zhang S, Zhang A, Zhang X, Sun Z, Yang C, Zhu Q. Effect of Bimetal Element Doping on the Low-Temperature Activity of Manganese-Based Catalysts for NH3-SCR. Front Chem 2022; 10:957051. [PMID: 35936091 PMCID: PMC9354830 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.957051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel Mn6Zr1-xCox denitrification catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The effect of co-modification of MnOx catalyst by zirconium and cobalt on the performance of NH3-SCR was studied by doping transition metal cobalt into the Mn6Zr1 catalyst. The ternary oxide catalyst Mn6Zr0.3Co0.7 can reach about 90% of NOx conversion in a reaction temperature range of 100–275°C, and the best NOx conversion can reach up to 99%. In addition, the sulfur resistance and water resistance of the Mn6Zr0.3Co0.7 catalyst were also tested. When the concentration of SO2 is 200ppm, the NOx conversion of catalyst Mn6Zr0.3Co0.7 is still above 90%. 5 Vol% H2O has little effect on catalyst NOx conversion. The results showed that the Mn6Zr0.3Co0.7 catalyst has excellent resistance to sulfur and water. Meanwhile, the catalyst was systematically characterized. The results showed that the addition of zirconium and cobalt changes the surface morphology of the catalyst. The specific surface area, pore size, and volume of the catalyst were increased, and the reduction temperature of the catalyst was decreased. In conclusion, the doping of zirconium and cobalt successfully improves the NH3-SCR activity of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- *Correspondence: Haixia Li, ; Anchao Zhang,
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5
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Zhang S, Li H, Zhang A, Sun Z, Zhang X, Yang C, Jin L, Song Z. Selective catalytic reduction of NO x by low-temperature NH 3 over Mn x Zr 1 mixed-oxide catalysts. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1341-1351. [PMID: 35425210 PMCID: PMC8978897 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MnxZr1 series catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method. The effect of zirconium doping on the NH3-SCR performance of the MnOx catalyst was studied, and the influence of the calcination temperature on the catalyst activity was explored. The results showed that the Mn6Zr1 catalyst exhibited good NH3-SCR activity when calcined at 400 °C. When the reaction temperature was 125–250 °C, the NOx conversion rate of Mn6Zr1 catalyst reached more than 90%, and the optimal conversion efficiency reached 97%. In addition, the Mn6Zr1 catalyst showed excellent SO2 and H2O resistance at the optimum reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the catalysts were characterized. The results showed that the morphology of the MnOx catalyst was significantly changed, whereby as the proportion of Mn4+ and Oα species increased, the physical properties of the catalyst were improved. In addition, both Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites existed in the Mn6Zr1 catalyst, which reduced the reduction temperature of the catalyst. In summary, zirconium doping successfully improved the NH3-SCR performance of MnOx. MnxZr1 series catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Haixia Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Anchao Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Changze Yang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Leying Jin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
| | - Zhiheng Song
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China
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6
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Ling J, Dong Y, Cao P, Wang Y, Li Y. Preparation of Mn-Fe Oxide by a Hydrolysis-Driven Redox Method and Its Application in Formaldehyde Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23274-23280. [PMID: 34549127 PMCID: PMC8444290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous distribution of Mn-Fe oxides (xMn1Fe) with different Mn/Fe ratios was synthesized by a hydrolysis-driven redox method, and their catalytic activities in HCHO oxidation were investigated. The results showed that HCHO conversion was significantly improved after doping iron due to the synergistic effect between manganese and iron. The 5Mn1Fe catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity, achieving >90% HCHO conversion at 80 °C and nearly 100% conversion at 100 °C. The physicochemical properties of catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, H2-TPR, O2-TPD, and XPS techniques. Experimental results revealed that the introduction of Fe into MnO x resulted in a large surface area, a high ratio of Mn4+, abundant lattice oxygen species and oxygen vacancy, and uniform distribution of Mn and Fe, thus facilitating the oxidation of HCHO to CO2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ling
- College
of Coal and Chemical Industry, Shaanxi Energy
Institute, Hsienyang 712000, China
| | - Yaxin Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an
Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Pan Cao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an
Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an
Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - YingYing Li
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an
Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
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Liu F, Cai M, Liu X, Zhu T, Zou Y. O 3 oxidation combined with semi-dry method for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of sintering/pelletizing flue gas. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 104:253-263. [PMID: 33985728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the vigorous development of China's iron and steel industry and the introduction of ultra-low emission policies, the emission of pollutants such as SO2 and NOx has received unprecedented attention. Considering the increase of the proportion of semi-dry desulfurization technology in the desulfurization process, several semi-dry desulphurization technologies such as flue gas circulating fluidized bed (CFB), dense flow absorber (DFA) and spray drying absorption (SDA) are briefly summarized. Moreover, a method for simultaneous treatment of SO2 and NOx in sintering/pelletizing flue gas by O3 oxidation combined with semi-dry method is introduced. Meantime, the effects of key parameters such as O3/NO molar ratio, CaSO3, SO2, reaction temperature, Ca/(S+2N) molar ratio, droplet size and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature (AAST) on denitrification and desulfurization are analyzed. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of denitrification and desulfurization is further elucidated. Finally, the advantages and development prospects of the new technology are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Maoyu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Xu G, Guo X, Cheng X, Yu J, Fang B. A review of Mn-based catalysts for low-temperature NH 3-SCR: NO x removal and H 2O/SO 2 resistance. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7052-7080. [PMID: 33889905 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-efficiency catalysts is the key to the low-temperature NH3-SCR technology. The introduction of SO2 and H2O will lead to poisoning and deactivation of the catalysts, which severely limits the development and application of NH3-SCR technology. This review introduces the necessity of NOx removal, explains the mechanisms of H2O and SO2 poisoning on NH3-SCR catalysts, highlights the Mn-based catalysts of different active metals and supports and their resistance to H2O and SO2, and analyses the relationship between metal modification, selection of support and preparation method, morphology and structure design and SO2/H2O resistance. Given the current problems, this review points out the future research focus of Mn-based catalysts and also puts forward corresponding countermeasures to solve the existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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9
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Cao W, Zhang W. Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with an activated carbon-supported zero-valent iron catalyst. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42613-42618. [PMID: 35516731 PMCID: PMC9058033 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides with an activated carbon-supported zero-valent iron catalyst is a method for removing NO under low temperature, which can remove CO and NO simultaneously. In the present study, the thermodynamics of low temperature denitrification was analyzed. By means of X-ray diffraction and Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurements, the phase and structure of the catalyst were thoroughly investigated. To determine the activity of the catalyst, a series of catalytic performance tests were carried out. The results indicated that the catalyst can act on the chemical reactions during the low-temperature denitrification process. An increase in the iron loading covered the micropores, resulting in a smaller specific surface area, which had little influence on the total pore volume. Moreover, activated carbon provided a carrier structure for iron and reduced NO simultaneously. The reduction of NO with activated carbon to N2 was the main reaction. By the oxidation of iron and the reduction of activated carbon, the activity of the catalyst decreased. A novel transition metal-supported catalyst which can be used for denitrification in a low-temperature sintering flue gas.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Cao
- School of Metallurgy, Industrial Furnace Research Institute, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Metallurgy, Industrial Furnace Research Institute, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. China
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10
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Improvement of low-temperature NH3-SCR catalytic activity over Mn-Ce oxide catalysts supported on sewage sludge char activated with KOH and H3PO4. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Zhang N, He H, Wang D, Li Y. Challenges and opportunities for manganese oxides in low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3: H2O resistance ability. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Relationship Between Oxygen-Containing Groups and Acidity of Graphene Oxide Supported Mn-Based SCR Catalysts and the Effects on the Catalytic Activity. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Gholami Z, Luo G, Gholami F, Yang F. Recent advances in selective catalytic reduction of NOx by carbon monoxide for flue gas cleaning process: a review. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1753972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholami
- Unipetrol Centre of Research and Education, Litvínov, Czech Republic
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- New Technologies - Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Engineering of Special Materials, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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14
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Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 over Cu modified V2O5/TiO2–carbon nanotube catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Raja S, Alphin MS, Sivachandiran L. Promotional effects of modified TiO2- and carbon-supported V2O5- and MnOx-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx: a review. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the promotional effects of transition metal modification over TiO2- and carbon-supported V2O5- and MnOx-based SCR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Raja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
- Kalavakkam 603110
- India
| | - M. S. Alphin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
- Kalavakkam 603110
- India
| | - L. Sivachandiran
- Department of chemistry
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai
- India
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16
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Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over Natural Iron Ore Catalyst. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperatures has been investigated with natural iron ore catalysts. Four iron ore raw materials from different locations were taken and processed to be used as catalysts. The methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that the sample A (comprised mainly of α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3), calcined at 250 °C, achieved excellent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity (above 80% at 170–350 °C) and N2 selectivity (above 90% up to 250 °C) at low temperatures. Suitable calcination temperature, large surface area, high concentration of surface-adsorbed oxygen, good reducibility, lots of acid sites and adsorption of the reactants were responsible for the excellent SCR performance of the iron ore. However, the addition of H2O and SO2 in the feed gas showed some adverse effects on the SCR activity. The FT-IR analysis indicated the formation of sulfate salts on the surface of the catalyst during the SCR reaction in the presence of SO2, which could cause pore plugging and result in the suppression of the catalytic activity.
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17
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Comprehensive Comparison between Nanocatalysts of Mn−Co/TiO2 and Mn−Fe/TiO2 for NO Catalytic Conversion: An Insight from Nanostructure, Performance, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanocatalysts of Mn−Co/TiO2 and Mn−Fe/TiO2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method and comprehensively compared from nanostructures, catalytic performance, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The physicochemical properties of the nanocatalysts were analyzed by N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the multiple characterizations performed on Mn−Co/TiO2 and Mn−Fe/TiO2 nanocatalysts, it can be confirmed that the catalytic properties were decidedly dependent on the phase compositions of the nanocatalysts. The Mn−Co/TiO2 sample presented superior structure characteristics than Mn−Fe/TiO2, with the increased surface area, the promoted active components distribution, the diminished crystallinity, and the reduced nanoparticle size. Meanwhile, the Mn4+/Mnn+ ratios in the Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalyst were higher than Mn−Fe/TiO2, which further confirmed the better oxidation ability and the larger amount of Lewis acid sites and Bronsted acid sites on the sample surface. Compared to Mn−Fe/TiO2 nanocatalyst, Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalyst displayed the preferable catalytic property with higher catalytic activity and stronger selectivity in the temperature range of 75–250 °C. The results of mechanism and kinetic study showed that both Eley-Rideal mechanism and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism reactions contributed to selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3-SCR) over Mn−Fe/TiO2 and Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalysts. In this test condition, the NO conversion rate of Mn−Co/TiO2 nanocatalyst was always higher than that of Mn−Fe/TiO2. Furthermore, comparing the reaction between doping transition metal oxides and NH3, the order of temperature−Gibbs free energy under the same reaction temperature is as follows: Co3O4 < CoO < Fe2O3 < Fe3O4, which was exactly consistent with nanostructure characterization and NH3-SCR performance. Meanwhile, the activity difference of MnOx exhibited in reducibility properties and Ellingham Diagrams manifested the promotion effects of cobalt and iron dopings. Generally, it might offer a theoretical method to select superior doping metal oxides for NO conversion by comprehensive comparing the catalytic performance with the insight from nanostructure, catalytic performance, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamics.
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18
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Gholami Z, Luo G. Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by CO in the Presence of O2 over Cu:Ce Catalysts Supported by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholami
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guohua Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Anthonysamy SBI, Afandi SB, Khavarian M, Mohamed ARB. A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:740-761. [PMID: 29600136 PMCID: PMC5852466 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Various types of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for nitric oxide (NO) removal through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia are examined in this review. A number of carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon (AC), and graphene (GR) and non-carbon-based materials, such as Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5), TiO2, and Al2O3 supported materials, were identified as the most up-to-date and recently used catalysts for the removal of NO gas. The main focus of this review is the study of catalyst preparation methods, as this is highly correlated to the behaviour of NO removal. The general mechanisms involved in the system, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Riedeal mechanism, are also discussed. Characterisation analysis affecting the surface and chemical structure of the catalyst is also detailed in this work. Finally, a few major conclusions are drawn and future directions for work on the advancement of the SCR-NH3 catalyst are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syahidah Binti Afandi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mehrnoush Khavarian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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20
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MnO2-Fe2O3 catalysts supported on polyphenylene sulfide filter felt by a redox method for the low-temperature NO reduction with NH3. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Husnain N, Wang E, Li K, Anwar MT, Mehmood A, Gul M, Li D, Mao J. Iron oxide-based catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO
x
with NH3. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is now an established NO
x
removal technology for industrial flue gas as well as for diesel engine exhaust gas. However, it is still a big challenge to develop a novel low-temperature catalyst for NH3-SCR of NO
x
, especially at a temperature below 200°C. In the past few years, many studies have demonstrated the potential of iron (Fe)-based catalysts as low-temperature catalysts for NH3-SCR of NO
x
. Herein, we summarize the recent progress and performance of Fe-based catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO
x
. Catalysts are divided into three categories: single Fe
x
O
y
, Fe-based multimetal oxide, and Fe-based multimetal oxide with support catalysts. The catalytic activity and selectivity of Fe-based catalysts are systematically analyzed and summarized in light of some key factors such as activation energy, specific surface area, morphology, crystallinity, preparation method and precursor, acid sites, calcination temperature, other metal dopant/substitute, and redox property of catalysts. In addition, H2O/SO2 tolerance and the NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over Fe-based catalysts, including Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, are emphasized. Lastly, the perspectives and future research directions of low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO
x
are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Husnain
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan 60800 , Pakistan
| | - Enlu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Muhammad Tuoqeer Anwar
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Aamir Mehmood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (FSD Campus) , Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Mustabshirha Gul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan 60800 , Pakistan
| | - Deli Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jinda Mao
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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22
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Sulfur and Water Resistance of Mn-Based Catalysts for Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx: A Review. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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23
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Zhu B, Yin S, Sun Y, Zhu Z, Li J. Natural manganese ore catalyst for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH 3 in coke-oven flue gas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24584-24592. [PMID: 28913690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Different types of manganese ore raw materials were prepared for use as catalysts, and the effects of different manganese ore raw materials and calcination temperature on the NO conversion were analyzed. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, BET, XPS, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and SEM techniques. The results showed that the NO conversion of calcined manganese ore with a Mn:Fe:Al:Si ratio of 1.51:1.26:0.34:1 at 450 °C reached 80% at 120 °C and 98% at 180~240 °C. The suitable proportions and better dispersibility of active ingredients, larger BET surface area, good reductibility, a lot of acid sites, contents of Mn4+ and Fe3+, and surface-adsorbed oxygen played important roles in improving the NO conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoulai Yin
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlan Sun
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction and Resources Recycling, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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24
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A Review on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by NH3 over Mn–Based Catalysts at Low Temperatures: Catalysts, Mechanisms, Kinetics and DFT Calculations. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7070199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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25
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26
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A highly effective catalyst of Sm-Mn mixed oxide for the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with ammonia: Effect of the calcination temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Chen X, Fu B. Fabrication and formation mechanism of Ce2O3–CeO2–CuO–MnO2/CNTs catalysts and application in low-temperature NO reduction with NH3. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10482g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ce2O3–CeO2–CuO–MnO2/CNTs catalysts were synthesized via a redox strategy, and presented 58–85% NO conversion at 80–180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
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