Catalytic partial oxidation of a diesel surrogate fuel using an Ru-substituted pyrochlore

Recent Advances in Structured Catalytic Materials Development for Conversion of Liquid Hydrocarbons into Synthesis Gas for Fuel Cell Power Generators

The paper considers the current state of research and development of composite structured catalysts for the oxidative conversion of liquid hydrocarbons into synthesis gas for fuel cell feeding and gives more detailed information about recent advances in the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis. The main factors affecting the progress of the target reaction and side reactions leading to catalyst deactivation are discussed. The properties of the Rh/Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂/Al₂O₃/FeCrAl composite multifunctional catalyst for the conversion of diesel fuel into synthesis gas are described. The results of the catalyst testing and mathematical modeling of the process of diesel fuel steam-air conversion into synthesis gas are reported.

NixCoy Nanocatalyst Supported by ZrO2 Hollow Sphere for Dry Reforming of Methane: Synergetic Catalysis by Ni and Co in Alloy

Ni_xCo_y/H-ZrO₂ catalysts composed of highly dispersed Ni_xCo_y nanoparticles supported by mesoporous ZrO₂ hollow sphere are synthesized by templating and impregnation processes. According to thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dry reforming results, a synergetic reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the better performance of alloy catalysts compared to Ni/H-ZrO₂ or Co/H-ZrO₂. In dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction, Ni and Co act as catalysts for CH₄ cracking and CO₂ reduction, respectively, and the induced carbon deposits on Ni can be oxidized by the active oxygen left on Co, which regenerate the metal surface for the following reaction. Among all the alloy catalysts, the Ni_0.8Co_0.2/H-ZrO₂ catalyst presents the highest activity and stability because the strong metal-support interaction prevents the sintering of nanocatalysts at high temperature and the hollow structure enhances the mass transportation of reactants and products. More importantly, Ni and Co can synergistically balance the speed of CH₄ cracking and CO₂ reduction, which effectively avoid coke accumulation/catalyst oxidation and ensure fast and stable conversion for DRM reaction.

A review of dry (CO2) reforming of methane over noble metal catalysts

Dry (CO2) reforming of methane (DRM) is a well-studied reaction that is of both scientific and industrial importance. This reaction produces syngas that can be used to produce a wide range of products, such as higher alkanes and oxygenates by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. DRM is inevitably accompanied by deactivation due to carbon deposition. DRM is also a highly endothermic reaction and requires operating temperatures of 800-1000 °C to attain high equilibrium conversion of CH4 and CO2 to H2 and CO and to minimize the thermodynamic driving force for carbon deposition. The most widely used catalysts for DRM are based on Ni. However, many of these catalysts undergo severe deactivation due to carbon deposition. Noble metals have also been studied and are typically found to be much more resistant to carbon deposition than Ni catalysts, but are generally uneconomical. Noble metals can also be used to promote the Ni catalysts in order to increase their resistance to deactivation. In order to design catalysts that minimize deactivation, it is necessary to understand the elementary steps involved in the activation and conversion of CH4 and CO2. This review will cover DRM literature for catalysts based on Rh, Ru, Pt, and Pd metals. This includes the effect of these noble metals on the kinetics, mechanism and deactivation of these catalysts.