1
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Nowakowski M, Huber‐Gedert M, Elgabarty H, Kalinko A, Kubicki J, Kertmen A, Lindner N, Khakhulin D, Lima FA, Choi T, Biednov M, Schmitz L, Piergies N, Zalden P, Kubicek K, Rodriguez‐Fernandez A, Salem MA, Canton SE, Bressler C, Kühne TD, Gawelda W, Bauer M. Ultrafast Two-Color X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy Reveals Excited State Landscape in a Base Metal Dyad. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404348. [PMID: 39099343 PMCID: PMC11481292 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Effective photoinduced charge transfer makes molecular bimetallic assemblies attractive for applications as active light-induced proton reduction systems. Developing competitive base metal dyads is mandatory for a more sustainable future. However, the electron transfer mechanisms from the photosensitizer to the proton reduction catalyst in base metal dyads remain so far unexplored. A Fe─Co dyad that exhibits photocatalytic H2 production activity is studied using femtosecond X-ray emission spectroscopy, complemented by ultrafast optical spectroscopy and theoretical time-dependent DFT calculations, to understand the electronic and structural dynamics after photoexcitation and during the subsequent charge transfer process from the FeII photosensitizer to the cobaloxime catalyst. This novel approach enables the simultaneous measurement of the transient X-ray emission at the iron and cobalt K-edges in a two-color experiment. With this methodology, the excited state dynamics are correlated to the electron transfer processes, and evidence of the Fe→Co electron transfer as an initial step of proton reduction activity is unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nowakowski
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Faculty of SciencePaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Marina Huber‐Gedert
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Faculty of SciencePaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Hossam Elgabarty
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Faculty of SciencePaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY22607Notkestr. 85HamburgGermany
| | - Jacek Kubicki
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University, PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61‐614Poland
| | - Ahmet Kertmen
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University, PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61‐614Poland
| | - Natalia Lindner
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University, PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61‐614Poland
| | - Dmitry Khakhulin
- European X‐Ray Free‐Electron Laser Facility GmbH22869Holzkoppel 4SchenefeldGermany
| | - Frederico A. Lima
- European X‐Ray Free‐Electron Laser Facility GmbH22869Holzkoppel 4SchenefeldGermany
| | - Tae‐Kyu Choi
- European X‐Ray Free‐Electron Laser Facility GmbH22869Holzkoppel 4SchenefeldGermany
- PAL‐XFELJigok‐ro 127–80Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Mykola Biednov
- European X‐Ray Free‐Electron Laser Facility GmbH22869Holzkoppel 4SchenefeldGermany
| | - Lennart Schmitz
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Faculty of SciencePaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Natalia Piergies
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of SciencesKraków31‐342Poland
| | - Peter Zalden
- European X‐Ray Free‐Electron Laser Facility GmbH22869Holzkoppel 4SchenefeldGermany
| | - Katharina Kubicek
- European X‐Ray Free‐Electron Laser Facility GmbH22869Holzkoppel 4SchenefeldGermany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging22761Luruper Chaussee 149HamburgGermany
- Fachbereich PhysikUniversität Hamburg22607Notkestraße 9–11HamburgGermany
| | | | - Mohammad Alaraby Salem
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Faculty of SciencePaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Sophie E. Canton
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDK‐2800Denmark
| | - Christian Bressler
- European X‐Ray Free‐Electron Laser Facility GmbH22869Holzkoppel 4SchenefeldGermany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging22761Luruper Chaussee 149HamburgGermany
- Fachbereich PhysikUniversität Hamburg22607Notkestraße 9–11HamburgGermany
| | - Thomas D. Kühne
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Faculty of SciencePaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf02826Untermarkt 20GörlitzGermany
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Chair of Computational System SciencesTechnische Universität Dresden01187Helmholtzstr. 10DresdenGermany
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University, PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61‐614Poland
- IMDEA NanocienciaCalle Faraday 9Madrid28049Spain
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus CantoblancoMadrid28047Spain
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Faculty of SciencePaderborn UniversityWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
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Vogt M, Smolentsev G. Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Spectroscopy to Study Luminophores with Relevance for OLEDs. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vogt
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften II, Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Grigory Smolentsev
- Energy and Environment Research Division Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
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Hurley N, McGuire SC, Wong SS. Assessing the Catalytic Behavior of Platinum Group Metal-Based Ultrathin Nanowires Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58253-58260. [PMID: 34851084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin metal-based nanowires have excelled as electrocatalysts in small-molecule reactions, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), and the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), and have consistently outperformed analogous Pt/C standards. As such, a detailed understanding of the structural and electronic properties of ultrathin nanowires is essential in terms of understanding structure-property correlations, which are crucial in the rational design of ever more sophisticated electrocatalysts. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) represents an important and promising characterization technique with which to acquire unique insights into the electronic structure and the local atomic structure of nanomaterials. Herein, we discuss tangible examples of how both ex situ and in situ XAS experiments have been recently applied to probing the complex behavior of ultrathin nanowires used in electrocatalysis. Moreover, based on this precedence, we provide ideas about the future potential and direction of these ongoing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Scott C McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Stanislaus S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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Dixon IM, Bonnet S, Alary F, Cuny J. Photoinduced Ligand Exchange Dynamics of a Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complex in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7278-7284. [PMID: 34323082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of photoinduced ligand exchange mechanisms in polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes operating in aqueous solution is of crucial importance to rationalize their photoreactivity. Herein, we demonstrate that a synergetic use of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and static calculations, both conducted at the DFT level, can provide a full understanding of photosubstitution mechanisms of a monodentate ligand by a solvent water molecule in archetypal ruthenium complexes in explicit water. The simulations show that the photoinduced loss of a monodentate ligand generates an unreactive 16-electron species in a hitherto undescribed pentacoordinated triplet excited state that converts, via an easily accessible crossing point, to a reactive 16-electron singlet ground state, which combines with a solvent water molecule to yield the experimentally observed aqua complex in less than 10 ps. This work paves the way for the rational design of novel photoactive metal complexes relevant for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M Dixon
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Timoshenko J, Roldan Cuenya B. In Situ/ Operando Electrocatalyst Characterization by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:882-961. [PMID: 32986414 PMCID: PMC7844833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an indispensable method for probing the structure and composition of heterogeneous catalysts, revealing the nature of the active sites and establishing links between structural motifs in a catalyst, local electronic structure, and catalytic properties. Here we discuss the fundamental principles of the XAS method and describe the progress in the instrumentation and data analysis approaches undertaken for deciphering X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. Recent usages of XAS in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, with emphasis on examples concerning electrocatalysis, will be presented. The latter is a rapidly developing field with immense industrial applications but also unique challenges in terms of the experimental characterization restrictions and advanced modeling approaches required. This review will highlight the new insight that can be gained with XAS on complex real-world electrocatalysts including their working mechanisms and the dynamic processes taking place in the course of a chemical reaction. More specifically, we will discuss applications of in situ and operando XAS to probe the catalyst's interactions with the environment (support, electrolyte, ligands, adsorbates, reaction products, and intermediates) and its structural, chemical, and electronic transformations as it adapts to the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Soupart A, Alary F, Heully JL, Elliott PI, Dixon IM. Recent progress in ligand photorelease reaction mechanisms: Theoretical insights focusing on Ru(II) 3MC states. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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On the Possible Coordination on a 3MC State Itself? Mechanistic Investigation Using DFT-Based Methods. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding light-induced ligand exchange processes is key to the design of efficient light-releasing prodrugs or photochemically driven functional molecules. Previous mechanistic investigations had highlighted the pivotal role of metal-centered (MC) excited states in the initial ligand loss step. The question remains whether they are equally important in the subsequent ligand capture step. This article reports the mechanistic study of direct acetonitrile coordination onto a 3MC state of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, leading to [Ru(bpy)2(κ1-bpy)(NCMe)]2+ in a 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) state. Coordination of MeCN is indeed accompanied by the decoordination of one pyridine ring of a bpy ligand. As estimated from Nudged Elastic Band calculations, the energy barrier along the minimum energy path is 20 kcal/mol. Interestingly, the orbital analysis conducted along the reaction path has shown that creation of the metallic vacancy can be achieved by reverting the energetic ordering of key dσ* and bpy-based π* orbitals, resulting in the change of electronic configuration from 3MC to 3MLCT. The approach of the NCMe lone pair contributes to destabilizing the dσ* orbital by electrostatic repulsion.
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8
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Soupart A, Alary F, Heully JL, Elliott PIP, Dixon IM. Exploration of Uncharted 3PES Territory for [Ru(bpy)3]2+: A New 3MC Minimum Prone to Ligand Loss Photochemistry. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3192-3196. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Soupart
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Paul I. P. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, U.K
- Centre for Functional Materials, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Isabelle M. Dixon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Loftus LM, Li A, Fillman KL, Martin PD, Kodanko JJ, Turro C. Unusual Role of Excited State Mixing in the Enhancement of Photoinduced Ligand Exchange in Ru(II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18295-18306. [PMID: 29226680 PMCID: PMC5901749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Four Ru(II) complexes were prepared bearing two new tetradentate ligands, cyTPA and 1-isocyTPQA, which feature a piperidine ring that provides a structurally rigid backbone and facilitates the installation of other donors as the fourth chelating arm, while avoiding the formation of stereoisomers. The photophysical properties and photochemistry of [Ru(cyTPA)(CH3CN)2]2+ (1), [Ru(1-isocyTPQA)(CH3CN)2]2+ (2), [Ru(cyTPA)(py)2]2+ (3), and [Ru(1-isocyTPQA)(py)2]2+ (4) were compared. The quantum yield for the CH3CN/H2O ligand exchange of 2 was measured to be Φ400 = 0.033(3), 5-fold greater than that of 1, Φ400 = 0.0066(3). The quantum yields for the py/H2O ligand exchange of 3 and 4 were lower, 0.0012(1) and 0.0013(1), respectively. DFT and related calculations show the presence of a highly mixed 3MLCT/3ππ* excited state as the lowest triplet state in 2, whereas the lowest energy triplet states in 1, 3, and 4 were calculated to be 3LF in nature. The mixed 3MLCT/3ππ* excited state places significant spin density on the quinoline moiety of the 1-isocyTPQA ligand positioned trans to the photolabile CH3CN ligand in 2, suggesting the presence of a trans-type influence in the excited state that enhances ligand exchange. Ultrafast spectroscopy was used to probe the excited states of 1-4, which confirmed that the mixed 3MLCT/3ππ* excited state in 2 promotes ligand dissociation, representing a new manner to effect photoinduced ligand exchange. The findings from this work can be used to design improved complexes for applications that require efficient ligand dissociation, as well as for those that require minimal deactivation of the 3MLCT state through low-lying metal-centered states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Loftus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Kathlyn L. Fillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Philip D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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10
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Zhan F, Tao Y, Zhao H. Alternative difference analysis scheme combining R-space EXAFS fit with global optimization XANES fit for X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:818-824. [PMID: 28664889 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517005719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS), based on the laser-pump/X-ray-probe method, is powerful in capturing the change of the geometrical and electronic structure of the absorbing atom upon excitation. TR-XAS data analysis is generally performed on the laser-on minus laser-off difference spectrum. Here, a new analysis scheme is presented for the TR-XAS difference fitting in both the extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) and the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) regions. R-space EXAFS difference fitting could quickly provide the main quantitative structure change of the first shell. The XANES fitting part introduces a global non-derivative optimization algorithm and optimizes the local structure change in a flexible way where both the core XAS calculation package and the search method in the fitting shell are changeable. The scheme was applied to the TR-XAS difference analysis of Fe(phen)3 spin crossover complex and yielded reliable distance change and excitation population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhan
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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11
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Duan S, Ma S, Huang Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Gao P, Yin M, Cai Q. Visualization of
in vivo
degradation of aliphatic polyesters by a fluorescent dendritic star macromolecule. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:065003. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Visualizing the non-equilibrium dynamics of photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer with femtosecond X-ray pulses. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6359. [PMID: 25727920 PMCID: PMC4366532 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer preceding energy equilibration still poses many experimental and conceptual challenges to the optimization of photoconversion since an atomic-scale description has so far been beyond reach. Here we combine femtosecond transient optical absorption spectroscopy with ultrafast X-ray emission spectroscopy and diffuse X-ray scattering at the SACLA facility to track the non-equilibrated electronic and structural dynamics within a bimetallic donor–acceptor complex that contains an optically dark centre. Exploiting the 100-fold increase in temporal resolution as compared with storage ring facilities, these measurements constitute the first X-ray-based visualization of a non-equilibrated intramolecular electron transfer process over large interatomic distances. Experimental and theoretical results establish that mediation through electronically excited molecular states is a key mechanistic feature. The present study demonstrates the extensive potential of femtosecond X-ray techniques as diagnostics of non-adiabatic electron transfer processes in synthetic and biological systems, and some directions for future studies, are outlined. Photoinduced electron transfer in solvated molecular assemblies occurs on the ultrafast timescale before full electronic and geometric relaxation take place. Here Canton et al. monitor this out-of-equilibrium process in a donor–acceptor bimetallic assembly using an X-ray free-electron laser.
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Shi H, Lercher JA, Yu XY. Sailing into uncharted waters: recent advances in the in situ monitoring of catalytic processes in aqueous environments. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01720j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances inin situstudies of catalytic processes in the aqueous environment with an outlook of mesoscale imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
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14
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Garino C, Borfecchia E, Gobetto R, van Bokhoven JA, Lamberti C. Determination of the electronic and structural configuration of coordination compounds by synchrotron-radiation techniques. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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